90

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
HIGH TEMP

11

ET

LB

14
0

400

RE

19.0

17.0

PE

18.0

75

105

2.2
340

16.0

Y AIR

320
2.0

RATUR
ATION

55

240

90

220

SATUR

50

25%

TEMPE

260

90

200

15.0

180

CIFI

SPE

80

OLU
CV

80%

70%

50
%
40
%

50

40

30

%
20

20

30

10%

40

50

60

4%

40

2%

20

20
5

60

70

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

80

80

6%

%
30

13.0

40

30

ATIV
REL

90

IDIT
HUM

100

110

120

90

85

80

1.4

1.2

1.0

75
.8

65

8%

60
%

50

10

AIR

60

15

1.6

100

14.0

60

95

70

DRY

70

20

120

OF

70

25

140

ft/lb

90%

ME

80

30

160

15%

40

1.8

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

.6

60
55

.4

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
10
0
-40

.2

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

E - F

280

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF D

RY AIR

10
0

60

100

300

65

DEW POINT - F

OF DR

100

45

35

2.4

360

70

POUND

13
5

380

TE

TU

TU PER

13
0

12
5

BU

RA

LPY - B

12
0

11
5

80

ENTHA

11
0

10
5

10
0

95

85

FORMULAS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

WATER VAPOR
7,000 grains = 1 lb. of water
1 gallon water = 8.3 lbs.
FUEL-ENERGY CONVERSION
1 kW electricity = 3,412 BTU/hr
1 Ft3 natural gas = 1,000 BTU
1 gallon #2 fuel oil = 140,000 BTU
1 gallon propane = 91,600 BTU
1 gallon propane = 35.97 ft3 propane
1 therm = 100,000 BTU/hr
1 kCal/hr = 3.968 BTU/hr

FLOW CONVERSION

PAYBACK

SCFM = lb/hr / 4.5

Yearly savings = MMBTU/hr saved* Yearly

hours of operation* Cost of Fuel ($/MMBTU)

SCFM = ACFM * [530/(460 + T)]

ACFM = SCFM * [(460 + T)/530] (sea level)
Altitude Correction Factor:
[(1 - (0.003566*Alt) / 518.69)^5.26]
(Alt = altitude in feet)
ACFM = SCFM*[(460 + T) / 530] / [(1 (0.003566*Alt) / 518.69)^5.26]
Nm3/hr = Normal m3/hr = m3/hr measured
at 0C
SCFM = Nm3/hr * 0.634

HEAT EXCHANGER EFFECTIVENESS

% = T2-T1
T3-T1
T1 = cold gas inlet
T2 = cold gas outlet
T3 = hot gas inlet
T4 = hot gas outlet

Hp (air) = SCFM *P (in. H2O) /

(6,350 * Eff.)

PRESSURES

Hp (water) = GPM *P (ft. H2O) /

(3,960 * Eff.)

27.7 inches W.C. = 1 psi

Valid with equal ows or when cold ow is

the smallest

1 bar = 14.5 psi

STACK FRICTION LOSS

1 inch W.C. = 25.4 mm W.C.

Friction Loss (in W.C.)/100 ft. of stack =

[(0.109136* q1.9)] / [D5.02]

SENSIBLE HEATING/COOLING
BTU/hr = lb/hr * Cp * T
BTU/hr = SCFM * 1.08 * T
(Assumes Cp = .24 and density = .075 lb/ft3)
BTU/hr = 500 * GPM * T
BTU/hr = 4.5 * SCFM * h (Total Energy)
BTU/hr = 4,840 * SCFM * HR
(Latent Energy)

BR0009-00

Simple payback = equipment cost /

yearly savings

THERMAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Material

Density
(lb / in3)

1100
Aluminum

0.1

Thermal
Coeff of Thermal
Conductivity
Expansion
(BTU / hr - in (in / in-F)
Ft2 - F)
13 x 10-6
-6

D = stack diameter in inches

q = Air ow rate in CFM (cubic feet
per minute)

1536

Carbon Steel

0.29

7.7 x 10

456

304
Stainless Steel

0.29

10 x 10-6

105.6

12,000 BTUs = 1 ton

AMBIENT PRESSURE AT ALTITUDE

Tons = 24 * GPM * T (water)

P (psia) = 14.696* [1 - (6.8754* 10-6 *

Alt)]5.2559

Note: These formulae are for reference and estimation

purposes only. Assumptions have been made to
simplify formulae and conversions.