BOOK-1: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT

AND ENERGY AUDIT

Table of Contents
Chapter
1

ENERGY SCENARIO
1.1

Introduction

01

1.2

Primary and Secondary Energy

01

1.3

Commercial Energy and Non commercial Energy

02

1.4

Renewable and Non Renewable Energy

02

1.5

Global Primary Energy Reserves

03

1.6

Indian Energy Scenario

05

1.7

Energy Needs of Growing Economy

07

1.8

Long Term Energy Scenario for India

08

1.9

Energy Pricing in India

10

1.10

Energy Sector Reforms

11

1.11

Energy and Environment

13

1.12

Energy Security

20

1.13

Energy Conservation and its Importance

21

1.14

Energy Strategy for the Future

22

1.15

The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and its Features

23

BASICS OF ENERGY AND ITS VARIOUS FORMS

2.1

Definition

36

2.2

Various Forms of Energy

36

2.3

Electrical Energy Basics

38

2.4

Thermal Energy Basics

43

2.5

Units and Conversions

50

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT

3.1

Definition & Objectives of Energy Management

54

3.2

Energy Audit: Types and Methodology

54

3.3

Energy Audit Reporting Format

63

3.4

Understanding Energy Costs

68

3.5

Benchmarking and Energy Performance

69

3.6

Matching Energy Usage to Requirement

72

3.7

Maximising System Efficiency

72

3.8

Fuel and Energy Substitution

73

3.9

Energy Audit Instruments

74

MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCE

4.1

Basic Principles

79

4.2

The Sankey Diagram and its Use

81

4.3

Material Balances

81

4.4

Energy Balances

87

4.5

Method for Preparing Process Flow Chart

91

4.6

Facility as an Energy System

92

4.7

How to Carryout Material and Energy (M & E) Balance

95

ENERGY ACTION PLANNING

5.1

Introduction

102

5.2

Energy Management System

102

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
6.1

Introduction

130

6.2

Investment Need, Appraisal and Criteria

130

6.3

Financial Analysis

131

6.4

Financial Analysis Techniques

132

6.5

Sensitivity and Risk Analysis

138

6.6

Financing Options

139

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
7.1

Introduction

143

7.2

Steps in Project Management

143

8.

ENERGY MONITORING AND TARGETING

8.1

Definition

159

8.2

Elements of Monitoring & Targeting System

159

8.3

A Rationale for Monitoring, Targeting and Reporting

160

8.4

Data and Information Analysis

160

8.5

Relating Energy Consumption and Production

162

8.6

CUSUM

166

8.7

Case Study

167

9.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

9.1

Global Environmental Issues

171

9.2

Ozone Layer Depletion

171

9.3

Global Warming

174

9.4

Loss of Bio-Diversity

176

9.5

Climate Change Problem and Response

177

9.6

The Conference of the Parties (COP)

181

9.7

Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)

185

9.8

Sustainable Development

185