FACULTY OF ENGINNERING AND BUILT ENVIROMENT S

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

COURSE OUTLINE:

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND MANAGEMENT (EPENG 308)

Year of study/Semester: Level III, Semester 2

Course outline version No: 1.1

Lecturer’s Information: Name: Eng. Hilton Chingosho

Email: chingoshorus@gmail.com
Office phone: Ext.
Office location:
Office hours: 08h00 – 16h30
Consultation hours: By appointment

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2,

 1. PURPOSE OF THE COURSE

In countries like Zimbabwe, where the demand and supply gap of electricity is huge and the
people are forced to endure increasing hours of load shedding, unnecessary consumption of
electricity makes matters even worse. The importance and need for energy conservation
increases exponentially. The judicious use of energy by industries is a key lever for ensuring a
sustainable industrial development. The cost effective application of energy management and
energy efficiency measures offers industries with an effective means of gaining both economic
and social dividend, also reducing the negative environmental effects of energy use.
Unfortunately, industries in developing countries are lagging behind in the adoption of energy
efficiency and management measures; as such missing the benefits of implementation. This
course thus aims at enhancing the knowledge of industrial energy efficiency and management
strategies through equipping students with the skills to investigate the present level of energy
(and efficiency) management practices in industrial setups. The module also incorporates the
investigation of barriers to and driving forces for the implementation of energy efficiency
measure; to shed light on the rationale for both the adoption and non-adoption of cost effective
industrial energy efficient technologies in industry. This course is designed to aware the students
concerning various energy intensive process in different industries and to find out the energy
conservation opportunities. Various methods of energy management and energy auditing on the
site are also incorporated. Therefore, the course has the capability to prepare the students for
energy auditing and managing the energy demand from residential to industrial sector.

2. COURSE DATA

Pre-requisite(s): None

Duration: 5 hours per week @ 15 weeks/semester

Contact Hours: 75
Self-Study: 45
Notional Hours: 120
ZNQF Level: 8
ZNQF Credits: 12

3. KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING AND SPECIFIC SKILLS

3.1. Knowledge and Understanding

Having successfully completed the module, student will be able to demonstrate:

 Thorough understanding of the broad concept of energy management and energy

auditing.
 Tools and knowledge necessary conducting energy auditing and to have an efficient
energy management plan.
 An understanding of the various options available for conducting energy audit and
management.
 The importance of effective energy management and control in commercial and industrial
facilities.

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 2 of 8
 3.2. Subject Specific Intellectual and Research Skills

Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to:

 Develop and implement energy management in commercial and industrial facilities.

 Plan and conduct effective energy audits.
 Perform economic analysis of energy conservation opportunities and identify cost
effective conservation projects.
 Use Excel to analyse historical energy consumption data.
 Identify factors that improve the efficiency of electric system operations.
 Evaluate gas and electric bills for potential cost savings and correctness.
 Identify factors that impact the performance of electric motors in industrial and
commercial applications.
 Explain how variable speed motor drives improve efficiency and reduce costs in HVAC
systems.
 Measure light levels and evaluate systems for adequacy and efficiency
 Compare and contrast lighting types commonly used in industrial and commercial
facilities

3.3. Transferable and Generic Skills

Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to do:

 Problem analysis and problem solving

 Information handling
 Critical Analysis
 Report writing
 Exercise independent judgement
 Presentation

3.4. Subject Specific Practical Skills

Having successfully completed this module, students will be able to:

 Demonstrate the ability to present and defend research

 Compare different energy efficiency technologies from various perspectives
 Assemble a technical energy audit report

4. LEARNING OUTCOMES

Having successfully completed this module, student will be able to:

a. Apply all important energy management techniques on a range of industrial facilities for
better energy conservation and efficiency
b. Appreciate the definition and importance of key terms as used in energy management
and auditing
c. Appreciate the various methodologies of conducting an energy audit for cost reduction
d. Acquire an understanding of the principles by which energy savings can be calculated
e. Investigate the energy conversion efficiency quantitatively using a full life cycle approach
in any particular context.
f. Develop statistical models of energy consumption using widely available software tools.
g. Use statistical models to track the effectiveness of energy management programs.

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 3 of 8
 5. COURSE CONTENT

5.1. Need for Energy Management

5.1.1. Value of energy management

 Cost control of energy factors not energy
 Cost control of energy functions as product cost nm
 Control and meter major functions

5.1.2. Energy Management and Surveys

 Definition, Energy audit-need, Types of energy audit, Energy management (audit)
approach- understanding energy costs.
 Tools and preparations, Safety, Site inspections
 Identifying energy conservation opportunities
 Bench marking, Energy performance, matching energy use to requirements.
 Maximizing system efficiencies,
 Optimizing the input energy requirements, Fuel and energy substitution,
 Energy audit instruments.
 Reporting

5.1.3. Energy Codes and Standards, Indoor Air Quality

 Energy Codes and Standards
 The International Energy Conservation Code
 Building Codes, Green Energy Codes and Standards
 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) issues

5.2. Economics of Energy Management

5.2.1. Energy Costs and Bill Analysis

 Utility industry trends, Power billing, Utility costs, Customer classes and rate schedules,
Commercial and Industrial rates, Real time prices, Power Demand
 Need for demand charges, Time/price/demand correlation, Demand measures,
Demand rates, Demand ratchets, Demand adjustments/low power factor, Computing
energy bills
 Gas billing, Physical background and Units, Rates, Seasonal impact on prices
 Fuel oil, Types and costs
 Coal, Types and costs
 Other energy sources, Steam and chilled water, Waste water proxy

5.2.2. Energy Purchasing

 Point of use cost
 Energy Use Index
 Energy Cost Index

5.3. Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Costing

5.3.1. Economic Analysis

 Time-value of money
 Simple payback analysis
 Cash flow diagrams
 Discount factors
 Present and future worth

5.3.2. Methods of economic analysis

 Present worth
Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 4 of 8
  Future worth
 Annual worth
 Benefit cost ratio
 Internal rate of return

5.4. Electrical Systems, Motors and Drives

5.4.1. Electrical system utilization

 Power quality,
 Harmonics
 Power factor (Cos phi) improvement

5.4.2. Induction motor basics

 Induction motor operation, Nameplate data
 Torque-speed characteristics, Load types
 Power factor and Power factor correction

5.4.3. Motor load measurements

 Instrumentation
 Slip and Current measurement
 Motor efficiency calculation
 Motor performance management
 Load speed sensitivity
 Variable speed drives

5.5. Lighting System Basics and System Improvements

5.5.1. Introduction to Lighting Systems

 Units and Recommended Lighting levels
 Components, Lamps, Ballasts, Luminaires
 Light source, Choice of lighting, Luminance requirements

5.5.2. Lighting Control and energy Management

 Lighting Control, Timers, Photocells, Occupancy
 Measurement tools
 Energy conservation avenues

5.6. Heating ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

5.6.1. Vapour compression system

 Vapor absorption
 Temperature and Humidity control
 System, measurements, field testing.

5.6.2. Performance evaluation

 Coefficient of performants of heat pump, adsorption chillers, super heaters, fans and
blowers
 Energy efficiency ratios
 Energy conservation opportunities, case studies

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 5 of 8
 5.7. Furnaces, Boilers and Steam Distribution

5.7.1. Furnaces
 Classification, General fuel economy measures in furnaces,
 Excess air, Heat distribution,
 Temperature control, Draft control, Waste heat recovery,
 Advantages and applications, Commercially viable waste heat recovery devices,
 Saving potential.

5.7.2. Boilers
 Types, Combustion in boilers, Performances evaluation
 Analysis of losses, Feed water treatment, Blow down,
 Energy conservation opportunities

5.7.3. Steam Distribution Systems

 Properties of steam, Assessment of steam distribution losses,
 Steam leakages, Steam trapping, Condensate and flash steam recovery system.
 Identifying opportunities for energy savings.

5.8. Compressed Air, Fans, Blowers and Pump Systems

5.8.1. Compressed air system

 Types of air compressors, Compressor efficiency,
 Efficient compressor operation, Compressed air system components
 Capacity assessment, Leakage test.
 Factors affecting the performance and efficiency.
 Process improvement

5.8.2. Pumps and Pumping System

 Types, Performance evaluation, Efficient system operation.
 Flow control strategies and energy conservation opportunities.

5.8.3. Fans and Blowers

 Types, Performance evaluation, Efficient system operation
 Flow control strategies
 Energy conservation opportunities

5.9. Building Envelope

5.9.1. Principles of Envelope Analysis

 Metal Elements in Envelope Components, Roofs, Floors,
 Fenestration
 Infiltration

5.9.2. Summarizing Envelope Performance

 Building Load Coefficient, Envelope Analysis for Existing Buildings
 Envelope Analysis for New Buildings

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 6 of 8
 6. LEARNING STRATEGY

The learning will take place during lectures in a class room, in the laboratory as well as outside the
classroom/laboratory environment and through site visits. This course will constitute a set of
lectures, laboratory work (related to parts of the lectures), take-home assignments, and a mini-
project. The prescribed textbooks provide further details related to what is presented in the
lectures; the textbooks also serve as notes. The lecture slides will be provided together with links
on web-based learning resources. The examinations will be based largely on the textbook and
what is presented in the lectures (occasional questions will appear in the test that relate to specific
things done in the practicals for the purpose of evaluating the individual student’s understanding
of the practical work because this can be difficult to assess when lab work is done in a team instead
of individually).
In general, the main focus will be for students to develop a theoretical knowledge during the
lectures and take-home assignments and build their practical knowledge and understanding of
tools, during the laboratory and class work.
6.1. Lectures: During lectures the lecturer presents the theoretical concepts of the course
to the students and provides guidelines of what parts of the text book to focus on. The
lecturer will occasionally provide demonstrations.
6.2. Laboratory practicals: During practicals students will carry out a variety of activities
and obtain practical experience related to theories learned during the lectures. The
students will submit short reports for certain lab activities.
6.3. Self-study / take-home assignments: Students will need to manage their own time
related to studying the theory and performing the take-home assignments and project
work.
6.4. Feedback: Feed-back sessions will be scheduled during lecture times. Students will
receive feed-back from the lecturer based on information obtained during assessments
of student work and site visits undertaken.
6.5. Consultations: Students are free to make appointments with the lecturer during
working hours to seek further clarification of the concepts covered but that were not well
understood in the classroom.
6.6. Communication outside of the normal classroom and laboratory context can be done
using Email or through E-Learning.
6.7. A register of attendance will be maintained. Students are expected to attend at least
80% of the contact time. Attendance to laboratory practical sessions and tutorials is
compulsory (100%).
6.8. Major Components of the Course: The major components of the course are
Lectures, Tutorials and Laboratory Practical Exercises/Experiments (see time-
table for the actual timings).

7. COURSE ASSESSMENT
The following assessment categories are scheduled:

7.1. Final Examination: There will be one final examination that consists of six (6)
questions covering all the aspects covered in this course. The student will be asked to
choose ONLY four (4) questions. This will be a three-hour examination and the
University of Zimbabwe examinations conditions apply.
7.2. Two (2) Tests: The planned schedule of tests will be indicated to the students in the
first lecture and specified in the course calendar on the e-learning course site. The
students will be informed of the syllabus for each test a few days in advance of the
examination.
7.3. Three (3) Laboratory Practical Exercises: Laboratory practical exercises may be
worked in groups of sizes determined by the lecturer, based on the available resources.
Submission of only one lab report per team with all team members clearly
Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 7 of 8
 indicated together with their student numbers on the first page of the
report. The reports must be submitted using a platform to be determined by the lecturer
from time to time and communicated to the students. Team members will get the same
marks, unless there is a good reason for different marks to be allocated(e.g. clear
indication that one member did a disproportionate amount of work than the other, or the
lecturer has strong reason to allocate different marks – e.g. one of the team members
performing poorly for an examination question related to a practical exercise). Marks
will be deducted from a team if the team submits two or more reportsfor a particular
assignment. Reports must be provided in the prescribed format.
7.4. Three (3) Take-home Assignments: These assignments are intended for working on
outside the classroom/lab, i.e. can be done at home, in the library or elsewhere. For
these assignments, students shall be expected to do some literature review/revision
and web-based reading in order to complete the tasks specified. Each assignment will
be given a specific due date – late penalties will be applied if the assignment is not
handed in on time. Each student will be expected to work individually on these tasks
without assistance from others. However, the lecturer may decide, due to time
constraints, that the assignments can be done as a team – in such a case the teams
should work separately on the problems without assistance from others.

Assessment Summary:
Diversified Continuous Evaluation Components Assessment Component Total
component Weight (%) Weights (%)
 A minimum of two (2) Tests Assignments 10
 A minimum of three (3) Take-home assignments Laboratory 20 35
 A minimum of three (3) Laboratory practical practical work
activities. 2- Tests 20 15
Final Examination 50 50
Total 100

8. PRESCRIBED TEXT BOOKS AND JOURNALS:

8.1. LC Witte, PS Schmidt and DR Brown: Industrial Energy Management and Utilization
(Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, 1998).
8.2. W Trinks, MH Mawhinney, RA Shannon, RJ Reed, JR Garvey: Industrial Furnaces
Sixth Edition, (John Wiley & Sons, 2003)
8.3. JL Threlkeld: Thermal Environmental Engineering, Second Edition (Prentice
Hall,1970)
8.4. YP Abbi and Shashank Jain: Handbook on Energy Audit and Environment
Management, (TERI Press, 2006)
8.5. WC Turner: Energy Management Handbook, Seventh Edition, (Fairmont Press Inc.,
2007)
8.6. George Polimeros: Energy Cogeneration Handbook, (Industrial Press, Inc., New York,
1981)
8.7. Dr. Barney L. Capehart, CEM, “Guide to energy management “University of Florida
Industrial Assessment Center Capehart@ise.ufl.edu
.

Course Outline: Energy Efficiency & Management and Auditing – Semester 2, Page 8 of 8