Final report ABAQUS project

By Jan Gaute Frydendahl, MTMT

The main steps of building a model in ABAQUS:

-Sketching the geometry of the model and dividing it into apropriate sub-regions.
-Create one or more materials with the right properties and link them to the different subregions with the Section tool.
-Defining assembly and sets in the regions that are important for analysis.
-Creating steps, which define when and where forces are applied to the specimen.
-Configuring output requests from the sets. Field Output Requests Manager for large
areas, or the whole model, that only need output at low frequencies.
History Output Requests Manager for single nodes, or small areas, that
need output variables updated more frequently.
-Applying boundary conditions and loads and in which steps they act.
-Creating seeds on the boundaries and edges of the sub-domains, which
act as nodes for the mesh, which is created afterwards.
-Finally, the analysis job is created, simulating how the model reacts to the currently applied
conditions. Results and data can now be retrieved and plotted from the output files, via the
Results tab.
Theoretical background for the stress intensity factor K:
The stress intensity factor is a measure of the stress state, or intensity, near the tip of a crack
caused by remote load or residual stresses in a material. It completely describes the crack-tip
conditions in a linear elastic material, but breaks down very close to the tip, where plastic
distortion typically occurs. When K reaches a certain critical intensity, KIC, fracture will occur.
The following relation has been used in this report:

The J-integral
The J-integral is a contour path integral that is used as a way to calculate the strain energy
release rate, or work per unit fracture surface area, of a non-linear material.

Where E=E for plane stress, and E=E/(1-v)^2 for plane strain.

CTOD-CMOD
Crack-tip-opening displacement (CTOD) is the displacement at the crack tip after an initially
sharp crak blunts with plastic deformation. This opening at the crack tip is used as a measure
of fracture toughness. The CTOD is difficult to measure directly, so the crack-mouth-opening
displacement (CMOD) is often measured instead, and the CTOD is calculated from this.

Results:

Fig.1: The deformed model

From the output data:

Displacement Total reaction force

0
0
0,1
-6273,44
0,2
-12546,9
0,3
-18820,3
0,4
-25093,8
0,5
-31367,2
0,6
-37640,7
0,7
-43914,1
0,8
-50187,5
0,9
-56461
1
-62734,4

Fig. 2: Global load-displacement curve

To find the nominal stress-strain curve, the following equations have been used:

Stress
0
418229,3
836460
1254687
1672920
2091147
2509380
2927607
3345833
3764067
4182293

Strain
0
0,666667
1,333333
2
2,666667
3,333333
4
4,666667
5,333333
6
6,666667

Using a path along the crack ligament, the stress distribution along the edge has been found:
Distance from crack

Stress distribution Stress intensity factor

0
11698,8
0
0,5
8362,11
14821,45407
1
6244,38
15652,33947
1,5
5242
16092,83581
2
4566,35
16187,28928
2,5
4106,63
16275,91878
3
3758,28
16316,97674
3,5
3485,91
16347,07769
4
3264,75
16367,02932
4,5
3081,4
16384,91789
5
2820,77
15810,39107
7,5
2371,59
16280,21651
10
2006,07
15901,42398
12,5
1736,35
15388,00122
15
1510,5
14664,1297
17,5
1302,04
13653,16331

20
22,5
25
27,5
30

1093,58
870,451
617,156
314,234
74,559

12259,01259
10349,64663
7734,903397
4130,564944
1023,647985