Cypermethrin l hot cht thuc nhm Pyrethroid.

Cyp 10EC c dng phng tr mui

v kin..

PYRETHROID

Hin nay cc ha cht v ch phm dit cn trng ang c s dng rng ri trong cc
lnh vc nng nghip, lm nghip, y t nn cn hiu r cc c tnh v c ch tc dng
ca chng vic s dng c hiu qu, khng gy c cho ngi/gia sc, khng gy
nhim mi trng. Mt s ho cht dit mui nhm Pyrethroid nh Permethrin, Alpha
cypermerthrin, lambda cyhalothrin v deltamethrin c nghin cu s dng tm
mn, phun tn lu phng chng mui Anopheles .
1. Mt s c im ca cc ho cht dit cn trng nhm pyrethroid:
- Cc ho cht dit cn trng pyrethrin l nhng hp cht dn xut ca nhng phn t chit xut t hoa
Thu Cc. Cc c tnh st trng ca hoa thu cc (Chrysanthemum spp, thng gp nht l C.
cineraraefolum) c pht hin rng ri vo th k 19. Loi hoa ny c dn trong cc b tc vng
Caucase v Persia s dng t 1800 tr chy rn c th. Hoa Thu Cc c sn xut hng ho ln
u tin Armenia vo nm 1828. Nam T khi s sn xut vo nm 1840 v tp trung sn xut cho
n th chin th nht, sau hoa c trng Nht v ng Phi.
- Cc cht chit xut t hoa Thu Cc cha 6 ester c quan h gn gi vi nhau v u c tnh
st trng c gi chung l pyrethrin, cu trc ca chng c bit r vo khong 1910-1924. Cc ho
cht Pyrethrin l nhng hp cht hu c thin nhin m c cha hot tnh dit cn trng mnh. Pyrethrin
I (PyrethrinI, R=CH3) v Pyrethrin II (R=CO2CH3) l nhng ester c cu trc ho hc gn ging nhau vi 1
chui Propane vng. Chng khc nhau ti v tr oxy ha ca carbon s 1. Chng l nhng cht lng trong
sut, b oxy ha dn v tr nn mt hot tnh

(cu trc ha hc ca cc pyrethrin)

- Cng vi tnh dit cn trng mnh m, pyrethrin c u im l t tn lu trong mi trng.
Trc khi c DDT, pyrethrin l cht dit cn trng chnh dng trong nng nghip v gia nh mc d
chng c yu im l nh sng phn hu nhanh chng. T nhng nm 1950, khi dng cht pyperonyl
butoxide v mt s hp cht khc tng hiu lc dit cn trng ca pyrethrin, lm gim chi ph thuc
trn n v din tch.

- Gi t v tnh km bn di nh sng l hai tr ngi chnh ca nhm pyrethrin trc khi tng
hp c cc pyrethroids bn hn v tnh dit trng cao hn. Chng hn, Dr. Elliot pht hin ra
Deltamethrin, c tnh bn nh sng cao, phn hu sinh hc nhanh chng v cc c i vi cn trng.
Ngy nay pyrethrin thin nhin ch dng trong gia nh, Pyrethrin tng hp c dng rng ri v chim
25% thuc dit cn trng trn ton th gii trong nm 1983. Cu trc ha hc ca pyrethrin l cu trc c
bn ca nhiu loi ho cht dit cn trng trong nhm pyrethroid tng hp nh permethrin,
cypermethrin ... C hng ngn cht tng t c tng hp, mt s khc nhiu so vi cc
pyrethrin nguyn thu. Mt s cht thiu hn c vng propane trong acid chrysanthemic.
- Pyrethroids l nhng ho cht tng hp m c kh nng dit hu ht cc loi cn trng. Chng tng
t nh nhng ho cht pyrethrin thin nhin c chit xut t hoa Chrysathemum. Pyrethroid thng
kt hp vi piperonyl butoxide gia tng hot tnh dit cn trng; Bn cnh , n cng gy c vi
nhng loi cn trng c ch nh ong, tm ... Hin nay, Pyrethroid l nhng sn phm thng mi thng
dng nh l nhng ho cht dit hoc xua cn trng gia dng.
2. C ch gy c ln cn trng ca cc ho cht dit cn trng nhm pyrethroid:
- Pyrethrin l loi ho cht c thn kinh, chng tn cng ln h thng thn kinh ca cn trng. Khi nng
khng tiu dit cn trng, chng vn gy nn hiu lc xua i vi cn trng. Pyrethrin v cc
cht cc tng hp l nhng cht gy c ln knh mui (sodium channel) ca mng thn kinh. Cc
pyrethroid c i lc rt cao i vi cc knh mui, to ra nhng thay i nh chc nng ca knh. Cc
pyrethroid thc cht l nhng cht gy c chc nng, hu qu xu ca thuc mang tnh th cp, l hu
qu ca s kch thch qu h thn kinh. iu ny th hin r ch khng tm thy cc du hiu bnh
l trong h thn kinh trung ng, ngay c khi gy c nng nhiu ln cng nh s ch to thnh cc m
hoi t khng c trng v c th phc hi trn cc thn kinh ngoi vi ca ng vt b co git v th hin
cc triu chng ri loi vn ng nghim trng. Sau khi b pyrethroids lm cho bin i knh mui vn
tip tc hot ng bnh thng, vn duy tr c chc nng chn la cc ion mui v ni vi in th
mng.
- Cc ho cht nhm pyrethroid gy hi cho c, nhng rt t nh hng n chim v ng vt c v hn
nhiu loi ho cht dit cn trng tng hp khc. Chng khng bn vng, d b phn hu khi tip xc vi
nh sng v oxy. Chng thng b phn hu di nh sng mt tri v trong khng kh trong vng 1 vi
ngy, v khng nh hng ng k n cht lng nc ngm.Chng c xem nh l nhng loi ho
cht dit cn trng an ton nht i vi ngi v mi trng.