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Zondmt2d Manual
Zondmt2d Manual
ZONDMT2D
Program functionality __________________________________________________________ 3
System requirements _______________________________________________________________ 5
Program installation and deinstallation ________________________________________________ 5
Program registration _______________________________________________________________ 5
Value definitions ___________________________________________________________________ 5
Creation and opening of data file _____________________________________________________ 5
Opening REBOCC, EDI, Mackie (*.inp) data files ________________________________________ 6
Data file format ____________________________________________________________________ 7
Interpretation results saving _________________________________________________________ 8
Logging and lithology data file format _________________________________________________ 9
Data import and export ____________________________________________________________ 10
Pseudosection ____________________________________________________________________ 35
Pseudosection parameters setup dialog ________________________________________________ 35
Model editor _____________________________________________________________________ 36
Cell parameters setup dialog _________________________________________________________ 37
Work with model __________________________________________________________________ 37
Model parameters setup dialog _______________________________________________________ 38
Axes editor _______________________________________________________________________ 39
Program functionality
ZONDMT2D is computer program for 2D interpretation of profile data obtained by
magnetotelluric sounding. Friendly interface and ample opportunities for data presentation
allows solving assigned problem with maximum efficiency.
Basic feature of magnetotelluric field in two-dimensionally heterogeneous medium is its
division into two independent parts called polarizations or modes. The main difference between
E-polarized and H-polarized fields consists in the fact that in the former anomalies have
inductive origin while in the latter - galvanic. In case of E-polarization, electric field is polarized
along structures and for this reason it does not cross boundaries of areas with different resistivity.
Anomalies are caused by excess currents induced in conductive heterogeneities or by low
number of excess currents induced in nonconducting heterogeneities. In case of H-polarization,
currents flow transversely to structures. Thereby they cross boundaries of heterogeneities and
anomalies are caused by galvanic current flow inside them (for low-resistivity heterogeneities) or
around them (for high-resistivity heterogeneities).
Problem of studying 2D fields comes to separate consideration of two tasks: for Epolarization and for H-polarization. Solution of these tasks is much easier than Maxwell
equations system solution.
Maxwell equations for electric polarization Te are given below:
1 E x 1 E x
E x
y i y z i z
.
(1)
1 Ex
i z
1 Ex
i y
(2)
Apparent resistivity and phase for Ex and Hy are calculated using the following formulas:
1
Ex
xy
i H y
E
xy arg x
H y
(3)
(4)
Solution of this equation gives Ex distribution in modeling area. Two components of electric
field can be found using Hx:
(5)
Apparent resistivity and phase for magnetic polarization can be calculated in the same
way.
Finite-element method as mathematical apparatus is used to solve forward and inverse
problems. It gives best results in comparison with mesh methods.
For plane-wave electromagnetic field modeling medium is divided into triangle cells grid
with different resistivity. Field behavior inside grid cell is approximated by linear basis function.
N ( x, z )
a bx cz
2A
(6)
Least squares method with regularization is used for inverse problem solution (inversion).
Regularization increases solution stability and allows receiving smoother resistivity distribution.
A W
T
WA C T RC m AT W T f C T RCm
(7)
S diag ( AT A)
(8)
System requirements
ZONDMT2D can be installed on PC with OS Windows 98 and higher. Recommended
system parameters are processor P IV-2 GHz, memory 512 Mb, screen resolution 1024 X 768,
colour mode True colour (screen resolution change is not recommended while working with
data).
Program registration
For registration click Registration file item of the main menu of the program. When a
dialog appears, select registration file name, and save it. Created file is transmitted to specified in
the contract address. After that user receives unique password which depends on HDD serial
number. Input this password in Registration field. The second option is to use the program
with supplied SenseLock key inserted in USB-port while working.
Value definitions
Ro_a apparent resistivity, Om*m.
Phi - impedance phase, degrees. Positive number. Should be specified in quadrant from 0
to 90 degrees.
Frequency in Hz.
Period is inverse value of measurement frequency, seconds.
Pseudodepth approximate depth of investigation connected with scin-layer thickness.
All geometric values are specified in kilometers.
One file usually contains data obtained from one profile. Text data files created in
ZONDMT2D format have *. m2d extension (see Data file format for details).
ZondMT data file
Open Zond data or project file.
Other data file
Opening REBOCC, EDI, Mackie (*.inp) data files
Program configuration
Open program parameters file.
Zond 1d model file
Open Zond MT 1d project file and use contained model as starting
model for two-dimensional interpretation.
For correct running of the program data file must not contain:
Pic. 1. Survey plane dialog window to work with EDI area data
Zond geophysical software
Saint-Petersburg 2001-2012
In this case polarization type is not unknown. Such data can be used to work in magnetic and/or
electric polarizability modes. Sample-file sample_with_unidata.
_w measurement weight.
Second option of setting keys:
Ro_a_tm apparent resistivity for magnetic polarizability.
Phi_tm impedance phase for magnetic polarizability (in degrees, positive value).
Tm_w measurement weight for magnetic polarizability. If measurement errors are not
known, program automatically sets weight 1 for every measurement. Sample-file
sample_with_tmdata.
Third option of setting keys:
Ro_a_te apparent resistivity for electric polarizability.
Phi_te impedance phase for electric polarizability (in degrees, positive value).
Te_w measurement weight for electric polarizability. If measurement errors are not known,
program automatically sets weight 1 for every measurement. Sample-file sample_with_tedata.
Number and order of records in lines must strictly correspond to acquisition geometry
described in the first line of the file. If measurements at some periods are missing, their values
are replaced by * symbol. If there are no data about impedance phase, the whole line is
excluded.
Last line indicates end of sounding site description (must contain } symbol)
Column of complementary horizontal grid nodes can be added after description block if
necessary. Coordinate of every new node is entered after *** symbol. Complementary nodes are
usually added for model extension over last stations or if there is sharp relief beyond profile.
Sample-file sample_with_ext_nodes.
It is preferable to record stations in the same order as on profile (in increasing order of
coordinate).
Data file can be created using Zdconvert program supplied with inversion program.
Procedures of work with this program are described in Attachment 1.
Model
Program configuration
Grid file
Section file
0
0.5
0.5
2.8
2.8
3
3
9.3
9.3
10
10
10.1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10000
10000
20000
20000
25000
25000
30000
30000
15000
15000
5000
5000
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
Second type of files has *.crt extension; these are control files which specify type of data
and way of visualization. Structure of CRT file for lithology column visualization is described
below.
2280.txt
Data file name
2280_6.5
Well name
18 2 2 1 0 1 0
where, 18 well position on profile,
2 - image width (in percents 1-20).
2 - type of data visualization 0 3:
0 logging data (as graph); sample-file carot1.crt;
1 logging data (colour column), section colour scale is
used for data visualization; sample-file carot2.crt;
2 lithologic column; sample-file strati.crt;
3 logging data (colour column), colours for data
visualization correspond to model colour scale.
1 - Logging data normalization parameter 0 - 2.
0,1 the same minimum and maximum is used for all data.
Zond geophysical software
Saint-Petersburg 2001-2012
1,2 data are moved for median average value from every
well log.
0 Logging data index (if different logging methods are performed
on profile)
1 Plot colour
0 Data scale is logarithmic 0 or linear 1
3246.txt
3246_17
102 2 2 1 0 1 0
It is recommended to use support program BHEeditor to create lithology data file (pic. 2).
Procedures of work with this program are described in Attachment 2.
10
profile. If two-column XY *.dat file is used as outbound file, a graph snapped to right axis will
appear in window with calculated data. Sample-file sample_with_exported_graphic.
Pic. 4. Example of comparison between several models calculated for one profile
Use Save/Load selection option to save or load some part of the model. In block mode
highlight necessary domain using Selection options and press Save selection. Sample-file
sample_with_impmodel.
Use Extract 1d log / Load 1d log option to save or load vertical resistivity profile to
specified horizontal coordinate. Set X coordinate in dialog window to save vertical profile.
Select X coordinate turndown to load vertical profile. This option can be used for interpretation
results convergence if profiles cross.
It is possible to use a priori information if present (as base for model editor) by means of
Import/export/ Section file option. Sample-file sample_with_sectfile. A priori information may
include geological or seismic sections. File *.sec has the following structure:
1st line image file name;
2d line four coordinates X1 Y1 X2 Y2 of top left and bottom right corner of the image
spaced.
sect.emf
0 0 152.4 53.3
After loading *.sec file in necessary scale select half-space transparency mode in model
setup dialog. Cells with different from host medium values will be displayed in Blocks section
mode. Thus it is possible to model anomalies over the base (pic. 5). In Smooth section mode
colours of base and current model are mixed and thereby specifics of two sections can be seen
simultaneously.
11
Pic. 6. Dialog window for scale and outbound image resolution adjustment
12
Options/Advanced/ Inverse
procedure/Solver/CG
Options/Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Solver/Seidel
Options/Advanced/ Inverse
procedure/1d Inversion /Current
station
Options/Advanced/ Inverse
procedure/1d Inversion /All
stations
Options/Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Average window 8x4
Options/Advanced/Inverse
procedure/Static shift 3
Options/Advanced/Cells
summarization
Options/Advanced/Data
distribution
Options/Advanced/Open in
modeling mode
Options/Advanced/Real topo
coordinates
Options/Advanced/Extended
nodes
Options/Advanced/Smooth topo
14
selection
Options/Options/Load layered
model
Options/Import/Export /Extract
1d log
Options/Import/Export /Load 1d
log
Options/Import/Export/Section
file
Options/Import/Export/Output
setting
* Imported data file must contain two columns: measurement coordinate and value. Right axis of
graphics plan serves as vertical axis of imported data. Imported model must be in Zond 2D
project file. While loading this file, new window containing model will appear. While moving
the cursor in modeling domain, active cell position is displayed in imported model.
Hot keys
Cursor pad /cursor in model editor
Delete
/ cursor in model editor
Insert
/ cursor in model editor
F
/ cursor in model editor
X
/ cursor in model editor
V
/ cursor in model editor
Up/down / cursor in model editor
Space
Status bar
Status bar is located in the lower part of program window and is divided into a few
sections which contain different information:
Cursor and active cell coordinates.
Active cell parameters.
Model editor mode.
Calculation progress bar.
Relative misfit.
Additional information.
Misfit is the most important parameter from the list. Averaged relative misfit (in
percents) is calculated taking into account all measurements of current model. Other misfit type
is used for inversion; it includes data of model smoothness. It can be seen during inversion.
15
Program start-up
This section contains brief description of ZONDMT2D operation procedures. To start
up the program it is necessary to register it using one of described in Program registration
ways: using registration file or SenseLock secure key. After that open data file in the main menu
of the program (File/Open file). It is advisable to use Zdconvert support program to create data
file (see Attachment 1 for details). This program also supports REBOCC files and EDI data (see
Opening REBOCC, EDI, Mackie (*.inp) data files for details).
After opening data file starting model setup dialog appears (Mesh constructor). Detailed
description of this dialog is given in Starting model creation; usually default settings can be
used. After adjusting mesh parameters press Apply button to start working with the program.
It is necessary to adjust inversion parameters before inversion. In order to do this use
Program Setup dialog accessible in the main menu (Options/Program setup) or by pressing
button in the toolbar. Details of inversion parameters adjustment can be found in Program
parameters setup dialog. It is advisable to select parameters shown in pic. 7 in Inversion and
Options tabs for initial stage of work.
Pic. 7. Program setup dialog for initial stage of inversion. Left Inversion tab, right Options
tab.
Depending on research task bimodal inversion option for simultaneous usage of TM and
TE modes (TM&TE) can be specified in Inversion tab. If data is used for one mode only
necessary button
or
should be selected in program toolbar. It is also possible to change
minimum and maximum resistivity values in Min. resisitivity and Max. resisitivity fields
respectively in Options tab depending on characteristic resistivity values of rocks within survey
area. Press Apply when parameters are set.
Press
button in the toolbar to start inversion process. After calculation relative misfit
can be estimated in status panel of the program. It is also possible to assess convergence of initial
and calculated data using dialog of sounding curves view (see Sounding curves view dialog)
and any type of data visualization (Pseudosection or Graphics).
When model is created save results of calculation in ZondMT2D project format and/or in
one of suggested graph or table formats (see Interpretation results saving for details).
It can be very useful to plan field experiment (in other words to model supposed
geological situation) prior to field work. Mathematical modeling allows not only choosing proper
acquisition geometry but also estimating adequacy of selected method to assigned task.
Modeling in the program is slightly similar to work with raster image in Paint. Having learnt
16
Zond geophysical software
Saint-Petersburg 2001-2012
how to model you will be able to master program operation procedures faster and will gain
useful experience of understanding electromagnetic field origin. For further details of
mathematical modeling in ZondMT2D see Modeling.
Modeling
Use File/Create survey option in the main menu to start modeling mode. This option
runs measuring system parameters setup dialog (pic. 8). Number of stations, distance between
them, and range of periods for impedance phase and apparent resistivity curves calculation can
be set in this dialog.
17
resistivity and impedance phase graphs (see Graphics plan and Pseudosection for details), and
sounding curves by pressing
button in the toolbar.
Calculated data can be saved as observed data (File/Save file in File type field select
Zond MT calculated data). Other options of data saving are described in Interpretation
results saving. After that they can be used for inversion. Picture 9 gives an example of field
experiment modeling. In this case possibility of mapping high-resistivity basement under lowresistivity geologic formation in audiofrequency domain (10-10000 Hz) is studied. Evidently this
frequency domain is enough to solve assigned geological task.
B
)
C
Pic. 9. Pseudosection of calculated apparent resistivity values (A) from model (B) and result of
calculated data inversion (C)
18
Vertical nodes field contains options which set vertical grid parameters of the model.
Program automatically selects these parameters using the following rules:
Depth of bottom layer is equal to half of maximal pseudo-depth for used measurement
system.
Number of layers is equal to double quantity of unique measurement periods but does
not exceed 40.
Thickness of the next layer is 1.2 times more than the previous one.
Interpreter can change these parameters due to his concept of depth and details of
investigation.
Start height sets thickness of first layer. This value must be approximately equal to the
width of the cell and necessary model resolution.
Maximal depth sets depth of bottom layer. It should be remembered that the maximal
depth value must not be too large because influence of geoelectrical section parameters decreases
with depth. Maximum depth should specified proceeding from effective field penetration depth.
Layers number sets number of models layers. Usually 12-14 layers are enough for
model description. It is not advisable to specify large values for this parameter because
computation speed will decrease.
Incremental number sets ratio between thicknesses of adjacent layers. This parameter
value usually ranges from 1 to 2.
Horizontal nodes field contains options which set horizontal grid parameters
Minimum sets minimal coordinate of the profile.
Maximum - sets maximum coordinate of the profile.
Intermediate nodes sets number of complementary nodes between two adjacent
sounding points on profile (0 4). It is recommended to specify 1 or 2 complementary nodes
between adjacent stations.
Half-space resistivity sets resistivity of starting model.
Regular mesh starts horizontal mesh construction algorithm, and complementary
nodes are selected from condition of split uniformity. This option should be used if distance
between adjacent stations is very different (It is advantageous for the accuracy of forward and
inverse problem solutions).
Press Apply button when mesh setup is finished, and the program starts work mode.
Model editor functions can also be used to correct mesh: add or delete intermediate
nodes, level cell height and width (see Model editor for more details).
The alternative of using data file is creating synthetic observation system that allows
constructing various geological situations for the most widely-distributed electrodes arrays (see
Modeling for more details).
19
In order to raise reliability of received data model mesh calibration should be performed.
Calibration is carried out for half-space model without relief. When starting model is created,
press
button of forward modeling in the toolbar. A criterion of proper mesh selection is
closeness of all calculated apparent resistivity values (for both modes on each frequency) to
resistivity of half-space and closeness of phases to 45 degrees.
If strongly variable topography is present, it is helpful to add 1-2 complementary nodes in
the upper part of vertical grid. If forward solution does not change much because of this, it
means that mesh is created properly.
20
21
Blocks fits parameters for certain domains which differ in resistivity. Domains with
equal resistivity consider as single blocks (pic. 16). It is preferable to use this algorithm for
specifying results of previous methods when necessary blocks are have already been selected.
22
23
Pic. 20. Starting geoelectric model (A), geolectrical model as a result of Occam inversion with
use of starting model () and without it ()
Second tab Options serves for complementary inversion parameters setup (pic. 21).
24
Smoothness ratio specifies smoothness ratio in horizontal and vertical direction. Set
this parameter larger than 1 for vertically-layered subsurface and smaller than 1 for horizontally
stratified earth. Usually this parameter value ranges from 0.2 to 1 (pic. 22).
Pic. 22. Geoelectric models as a result of smooth inversion with Smoothness ratio parameter:
1 () and 0.3 ().
Cell grouping use this function for big models. It activates table that allows merging
adjacent cells and receiving less number of determinate parameters for inversion. Inversion mesh
parameters are very important to work with big models. There is no necessity to recover
parameters of small cells at depth. It is better to merge them in blocks and thus operate with
small amount of parameters. As far as reduction in the number of target parameters decreases
rounding error, system size, and correlation confluence, it gives more precise and stable results
of inverse modeling.
The table contains three columns. Number of initial model layer is specified in the first
column (Layer). Number of inversion mesh layer is contained in the third column (ID). Number
of cells (in horizontal direction) that contain in every cell of inversion mesh for current layer is
set in the second column (Width). Inversion mesh is displayed in model editor during setup.
Double left click on cell in Width column to merge cells in horizontal direction for current layer,
right click for current and all underlayers.
Double left click on cell in ID column to merge cells in vertical direction for current
layer, right click for current and all underlayers.
Thus inversion mesh represents kind of supernet based on model mesh. The easiest way
to understand how current adjustments work is to change them and find out how they modify
inversion mesh. Inversion mesh is displayed in black directly in model editor.
There are three examples of inversion meshes below: in the first picture inversion mesh
corresponds to model one (pic. 23A); in pic. 23 cells starting from the second layer merge by
two; in the third picture cells starting from the second layer merge by four (pic. 23). Inversion
mesh is displayed in black, model mesh - in grey. So domains limited by black colour are
considered as cells for inversion.
25
Pic. 24. Model layer distortion with Topo coefficient parameter from 1 to 5
Number of surface layers (0-2) sets number of layers in which strong variation of
parameters is possible. Use 1 or 2 layers if near-surface section is very heterogeneous and it has
negative effect on the whole section. If this option is used the majority of heterogeneities are
concentrated in hear-surface layer and bottom part of the section is smooth after inversion.
Data editor
Use Options/Data Editor function or press
button in the toolbar to run data editor.
The tab contains table which allows adjusting parameters of every measurement (pic. 25).
26
Weight
Measurement weight for magnetic polarization.
Measured apparent resistivity value for electric polarization.
Weight
Measurement weight for electric polarization.
Six latter columns can be edited using keyboard if necessary. Absurd values of apparent
resistivity and phase should not be entered. Measurement weights are assigned with 0 to 1
values.
While moving the cursor through the table, positions of active measurement electrodes
are displayed on pseudosection or graphics plan.
27
28
Pic. 27. Example of Data distribution function usage for rejecting unreliable data. -
pseudosections of apparent resistivity before and after usage of Data distribution function
respectively, Data distribution dialog window.
This function allows estimating number of sounding sites with data in certain period on
profile. In given example several points have data on low frequencies (pic. 27 A). These data
lead to calculation time increase. In order to delete periods and decrease calculation time select
them in the table and press
button in the left upper corner of the bar chart. The example
(pic. 27 ) shows that low-frequency measurements observed only in several profile points were
rejected.
29
Pic. 28. Field data () and example of dividing geolectric model () into blocks ()
In Smooth mode (pic. 29) cell parameters are averaged (in other words the model is
smoothed) depending on Smooth factor. End layers option sets layer number in which this
operation stops.
30
Set boundaries dialog can be run using Options/Advanced function of the main menu.
It allows taking into account a priori geological information for inversion. When this tab is
selected, menu with the following buttons appears:
Enable/Disable editing
Turn on/off editing boundaries mode
boundaries mode
Add new boundary
Add new boundary
Delete boundary
Delete all boundaries
Save boundaries to file
31
Graphics plan
Graphics plan (Options/Data/Graphic plots) is used for apparent resistivity and phase
values visualization as graphs along profile.
Mouse clicks are used to work with graphics plan. Zooming in or dragging some part is
performed with left button pressed. To zoom in a segment move mouse cursor down to the right.
To return to primary zoom do the same but with mouse cursor moving up to the left.
The following actions are performed by pressing left mouse button on graphic point: all
other graphics are hidden and sounding site positions for active point are shown (while the
button is pressed).
Graphics legend editor
Editor allows adjusting graphic and legend interface. Right click with SHIFT button
pressed on legend to the right of the graph to run it. Pop-up window with set of tabs will appear
(pic. 31).
32
33
34
Pseudosection
Pseudosection visualizes apparent resistivity distribution along profile in contours.
Contour graph is created in profile coordinate to pseudodepth axes. Colour scale correlates value
to colour. Colour scale size and position can be changed by moving its cursor with left or right
mouse button pressed.
Double click next to object axes runs context menu which contains the following options:
Log data scale
Use logarithmic scale on colour bar.
Display grid point
Display measurement point ticks.
Display ColorBar
Display colour scale.
Setup
Run pseudosection parameters setup dialog.
Print preview
Print pseudosection.
Save picture
Save pseudosection in graphic file.
Save XYZ file
Save pseudosection in Surfer file.
Default
Set pseudosection parameters on default.
35
Right margin sets image indent (in pixels) from window right edge.
Top margin sets image indent (in pixels) from window top edge.
Bottom margin sets image indent (in pixels) from window bottom edge.
Field Fill&Line colours
Options Min contour, 1/3 contour, 2/3 contour and Max contour set interpolation sequence of
colours from Min contour to Max contour via 1/3 contour or 2/3 contour. This colour palette
is used for filling space between adjacent isolines.
Field Num levels defines number of isoline sections. Isoline section is set in uniform linear or
logarithmic step depending on data type.
Options Min isoline and Max isoline set interpolation sequence of colours from Min isoline to
Max isoline. This color palette is used for displaying isolines.
Option Isolines specifies whether isolines are created or not.
Field User data limits
Option User limits specifies whether minimum or maximum data values or values from
Minimum and Maximum filed are used for setting isoline sections.
Field Minimum sets minimum value to specify isoline sections.
Model editor
Model editor serves to change certain cell parameters using mouse. To the right of model
edit region there is a colour bar that connects colours and resistivity values. Right click on the
bar to select current value; this value will be displayed below colour bar. Colour bar size and
position can be changed by moving its cursor with left or right mouse button pressed.
Work with model cells is similar to raster image editing in graphics editor. When you
move cursor in model domain coordinates and parameters of active cell are displayed in the
bottom status panel of program main window. Current active cell is highlighted by rectangular
cursor. Selected or fixed cell is marked by a dot in the middle.
Double click in different domains of model editor to run context menus that contain
options:
Top area
Color bar
Display objects
border
Display color bar
Setup
Zoom&Scroll
Print preview
Set minimum
Set maximum
Set incremental factor
Automatic
Vertical axis
Log scale
Set halfspace value
Set cursor value
Set maximum
Redivide
Thick mesh
Thin mesh
Redivide
Horizontal axis
Thick mesh
Thin mesh
Right click in model editor domain to run context menu that contains the following
options:
Display cell setup
Cell to cursor value
Edit mode
Selection\Free
form
selection
Selection\Rectangular
selection
Selection\Elleptical
selection
Selection\Magic wand
Selection\Remove
selection
Mesh
options\add
column /row
Mesh options\remove
column /row
Mesh
options\resize
column /row
Clear model
37
Click on the cell with CTRL button pressed to drag selected set of cells within edit range
using mouse. While dragging the selection with left button pressed content of selected cells
copies to new domain. While dragging the selection with right button pressed content of selected
cells is cut and pasted to new domain.
Model parameters setup dialog
38
Axes editor
Editor is used to adjust graphic and scale axes parameters (pic. 36). Right click on
necessary axis with SHIFT button pressed to run it. Pop-up menu with two fields (Options and
Default) appears. The first one runs dialog, the second sets values on default.
39
First tab of Scales dialog contains options for axes scale parameters setup.
Option Auto defines how minimum and maximum axis values are chosen. If this option is ON
axis limits are set automatically otherwise values from Minimum and Maximum filed specified
by user are selected.
Option Visible shows/hides selected axis.
Option Inverted defines axis orientation.
Button Increment change runs dialog for axis label step definition.
Option Logarithmic selects logarithmic or linear axis scale. In case of sign-changing scale
additionally use options from LinLog options field.
Option Base sets logarithm base for logarithmic axis.
Field LinLog options contains options for linear-logarithmic axis adjustment. Linearlogarithmic scale allows representing sign-changing or zero containing data in logarithmic scale.
Option Dec Shift sets indent (in logarithmic decades) relative to maximum axis limit modulo to
zero. Minimum decade (prezero) has linear scale, others have logarithmic.
Option Min dec sets and fixes minimum (prezero) decade value if option is ON.
Option Rounded limits defines whether it is necessary to round minimum and maximum axis
values or not.
Fields Minimum and Maximum contain options for axis limits adjustment.
Option Auto defines whether axis limit is selected automatically or using Change button.
Option Offset sets percentage axis limit shift relative to its actual value.
40
41
42
Tab Converter:
Field Range dividing specifies type of filling outbound curves with points. Automatic
filling (Automatic) or filling in logarithmic frequency mesh (Equal log-step) is possible.
Include boundary frequencies sets whether end points are included to outbound
curves or not.
Smoothing enable/disable smoothing curve options.
Frequencies number number of points on resultant curve.
Press Process button to accept all specifications.
Three bottom fields serve to integrate two files of 1D inversion program for different
polarizations in one 2D inversion file. Select 1D inversion files which correspond to TM and TE
modes in two left windows, specify file name in the right window, and press
button. 2D
inversion file (*.m2d) will be created in the directory that contains source 1D inversion files.
Tab Config is used for source files parameters setup. Specify number of columns in data
file, number of column with apparent resistivity, impedance phases and frequency values in
Columns number, Rho column index, Phase column index Frequency column index fields
respectively.
Specify extensions of source data files (e.g., dat or txt) in the right window.
Turn log_rho option on if source data file contains decimal logarithm values of apparent
resistivity.
Use
button to open list of *.prd files. This list should be saved in the folder with initial
data and should contain three columns: PozX, PozZ and File name (distance along profile,
excess and file name respectively).
Button
is used to create list from already opened files.
Window Step sets step along profile between stakes in kilometers.
43
The main panel also contains fields for specifying horizontal coordinate of borehole (distance
from the beginning of profile) - horizontal position and its elevation - Position from surface.
Horizontal and vertical coordinates of boreholes are set in meters. Empty square fields serve to
create pattern.
The program has two main windows (pic. P2). The left one is Data window which
contains table with the following columns: N layer order number, H layer thickness in
meters, Z depth of bottom of layer in meters, C type of pattern. Right window contains
graphic display of borehole data.
44
Press
button in the toolbar to start creating lithology file. After that a new table
patterns can be used in the process of creation new logging and lithology data (
default palette).
- Load
45