MODELING IN ETABS

AN INTRODUCTION

Building ?
Any human-made structure used or intended

for supporting or sheltering any use

Building is an assemblage of various Systems
Basic Functional System
Structural System

HVAC(Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning) System

Plumbing and Drainage System
Electrical, Electronic and Communication System

Security System
Other specialized systems

Design Process
Conception

Modeling
Analysis
Design

Drafting
Detailing
Costing

Integrated
Design
Process

Load Path for a building

A load path is to ensure that any loading on
the structural system is transmitted into the
foundation and distributed to the ground

Gravity System

Lateral System

It is definitely clear that loads

within a building must find
their way to the ground by
some method.

The Building Structural

System - Conceptual
The Gravity Load Resisting System (GLRS)
The structural system (beams, slab, girders, columns,

etc) that act primarily to support the gravity or vertical

loads

The Lateral Load Resisting System (LLRS)

The structural system (columns, shear walls, bracing,

etc) that primarily acts to resist the lateral loads

The Floor Diaphragm (FD)

The structural system that transfers lateral loads to the

lateral load resisting system and provides in-plane

floor stiffness

The Building Structural

System - Physical
Building Structure
Floor Diaphragm
Frame and Shear Walls
Lateral Load Resisting System

Floor Slab System

Gravity Load Resisting System

Sub-structure and Member Design

Beams, Columns, Two-way Slabs, Flat Slabs, Pile caps

Shear Walls, Deep Beams, Isolated Footings, Combined Footings

Building Response
For Gravity Loads - How Gravity Loads are Distributed
Analysis of Gravity Load Resisting System for:
Dead Load, Live Live Load, Pattern Loads, temperature,
shrinkage
Important Elements: Floor slabs, beams, openings, Joists, etc.

For Lateral Loads How Lateral Loads are Distributed

Analysis of Lateral Load Resisting System for:
Wind Loads, Seismic Loads, Structural Un-symmetry
Important elements: Columns, shear walls, bracing , beams

The Need for Modeling

A - Real Structure cannot be Analyzed:
It can only be Load Tested to determine response

B - We can only analyze a

Model of the Structure
C - We therefore need tools to Model the
Structure and to Analyze the Model

Structure, Member, Element

Structure can be considered as an

assemblage of Physical Components

called Members
Slabs, Beams, Columns, Footings, etc.

Physical Members can be modeled by

using one or more Conceptual

Components called Elements
1D elements, 2D element, 3D elements

Frame element, plate element, shell element,

membrane element, solid element, etc.

Dimensions of Elements
1 D Elements (Beam type)
Can be used in 1D, 2D and

3D
2-3 Nodes. A, I etc.
Truss and Beam Elements (1D,2D,3D)

2 D Elements (Plate type)

Can be used in 2D and 3D

Model
3-9 nodes. Thickness

Plane Stress, Plane Strain, Axisymmetric, Plate and Shell Elements (2D,3D)

3 D Elements (Brick type)

Can be used in 3D Model
6-20 Nodes.
Brick Elements

Global Modeling of Structural

Geometry

(a) Real Structure

(b) Solid Model

(c) 3D Plate-Frame

(e) 2D Frame

(d) 3D Frame

(f) Grid-Plate

Fig. 1 Various Ways to M ode l a Re al Struture

Physical Categorization of
Structures
Structures can be categorized in many ways.
For modeling and analysis purposes, the

overall physical behavior can be used as basis

of categorization

Cable or Tension Structures

Skeletal or Framed Structures
Surface or Spatial Structures
Solid Structures
Mixed Structures

Structure Types

Cable Structures

Cable Nets
Cable Stayed

Bar Structures

2D/3D Trusses
2D/3D Frames, Grids

Surface Structures

Plate, Shell
In-Plane, Plane Stress

Solid Structures

Elastic Vs Inelastic

Elastic Material

Follows the same path during loading and unloading and returns
to initial state of deformation, stress, strain etc. after removal of
load/ excitation

Inelastic Material

Does not follow the same path during loading and unloading
and may not returns to initial state of deformation, stress, strain
etc. after removal of load/ excitation

Most materials exhibit both, elastic and inelastic behavior depending upon
level of loading.

Linear-Elastic

Action

Action

Elasticity and Linearity

Deformation

Action

Action

Deformation

Linear-Inelastic

Nonlinear-Elastic

Deformation

Nonlinear-Inelastic

Deformation

Materials
Concrete(IS 456)
Compressive strength (fck)
Modulus of Elasticity
Ec 5000 f ck

(short term)

Flexural/Tensile strength,
fcr 0.7 fck

Materials
Steel

Strength of steel fy=415, 500 etc (N/mm2)

Modulus of elasticity of steel
E s 200 kN / mm 2
Es 200000 N / mm 2

Cover to concrete Elements

Nominal cover:

Clear cover to all reinforcements including

stirrups(say 20mm, 25mm, 30mm etc)
26.4.2.1 says,
For longitudinal bar in column 40mm
(25mm for 200mm 12 dia bar)
For footings minimum cover shall be
50mm
Depends on
1. Durability/Exposure
2. Fire resistance

Durability & Fire resistance

Minimum concrete dimensions with

respect to Fire resistance

Soil-Structure Interaction
Simple Supports

Fix, Pin, Roller etc.

Support Settlement
Elastic Supports
Spring to represent soil
Using Modulus of Sub-grade
reaction

Subgrade modulus- ks (9-6 J.bowles)

SBC(qa) of soil(kN/m2)
Spring constant

ks= q/ where q=P/A

Or Pressure/settlement

9-6 J.bowles

For 25mm settlement

1
In SI units, ks= 0.025 FS q kN / m2 / m
FS is factor of safety =3
a

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START A MODEL

About ETABS Software

Key features

Modeling on ETABS

Uniform Guidelines in Modeling

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ETABS Software
Enhanced
Three dimensional
Analysis & design of
Building
Systems

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ETABS Software
Completely integrated interface
Modeling, Analysis & Design
Input / Output parameters common data base

Powerful CAD tools

Edit, Move, Merge, Mirror, Replicate, etc
Draw, Select, Snap tools

Well defined Input Text Editor (*.$ET)

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ETABS Software
Analysis capabilities
Linear Static\ Dynamic Analysis

Static and Dynamic with P-Delta Analysis

Response Spectrum \ Time History Analysis
Construction sequence loading analysis
Design modules

Concrete frame
Steel frame
Composite beam
Steel joist
Shear wall

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COMPUTER MODELING

Realistic Modeling
Mass distribution
Strength
Stiffness
Deformation

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Import / Export Options

Import Floor plan, 3D model, frame elevations, architectural

grids as dxf file

Quick & accurate modeling with real structures
Export geometry / design information to Auto CAD
Export to SAFE
To perform slab / footing design

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Developing Model

Draw objects

One story
Similar story
All stories

Select objects

Snap objects

Current Units

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Auto Line constraint

No

Yes

Mesh and deformation compatibility area objects

Virtual (Imaginary) line Analysis model
Very effective with Finer mesh NOT with Big Slab Panels

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Rigid Diaphragm
Stiff enough to make the building
twist as a unit
Enhances computer efficiency
Mass is lumped at each story level
Auto generation of lateral loads
Reasonable approximation to
solid/deck concrete diaphragms.

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Flexible Diaphragm

Diaphragm is not stiffer than the

vertical elements.
Plan irregularity

Mass is lumped at each joint

Semi-rigid diaphragm option
Slab within core walls

Multiple rigid diaphragms can

be assigned at each story
level

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Example model

Ground + 3
stories concrete
building
Typical height
between stories
3m

Typical Floor 1st & 2nd Floors

(Beam Slab system)

Roof Level
(Flat Slab with Edge beams)