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BI 1: PHNG PHP XC NH CH S ACID V CH S X PHNG HA....3

A: PHNG PHP CH S ACID (AV).....................................................................3
1. Dng c v thit b:...............................................................................................3
2. Ha cht:...............................................................................................................3
3. Cch pha ha cht.................................................................................................3
4. Tin hnh th nghim:...........................................................................................4
5. Tnh kt qu:.........................................................................................................4
6. Nhn xt................................................................................................................ 5
B: XC NH CH S X PHNG HA (SV;IS).......................................................6
1. Ha cht................................................................................................................6
2. Dng c v thit b................................................................................................6
3. Cch pha ha cht.................................................................................................6
4. Cch tin hnh......................................................................................................7
5. Cng thc.............................................................................................................7
6. Kt qu.................................................................................................................. 8
7. Nhn xt................................................................................................................ 8
8. Gii thch..............................................................................................................8
BI 2: CH S PEROXIDE..............................................................................................9
1. Dng c,thit b....................................................................................................9
2. Ho cht:...............................................................................................................9
3. Cch pha ha cht.................................................................................................9
4. Cch tin hnh:...................................................................................................10
5. Kt qu:..............................................................................................................10
6. Nhn xt.............................................................................................................. 10
Bi 3: XC NH CH S IOT CA DU....................................................................11
1. Nguyn tc:.........................................................................................................11
2. Dng c:.............................................................................................................. 11
3. Ha cht:.............................................................................................................11
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4. Cch thc hin:...................................................................................................11

5. Cng thc tnh ton:...........................................................................................12
6. Kt qu th nghim:.............................................................................................12
7. Kt lun:.............................................................................................................13
Bi 4: XC NH HM LNG CN X PHNG....................................................13
1. Dng c:.............................................................................................................13
2. Ha cht:.............................................................................................................13
3. Cch tin hnh:...................................................................................................13
4. Cng thc tnh:...................................................................................................14
5. Bo co s liu....................................................................................................14

BI 1: PHNG PHP XC NH CH S ACID V CH S

X PHNG HA
A: PHNG PHP CH S ACID (AV)

Ch s acid l s miligam KOH dng trung ha acid bo t do c trong 1g du hoc

m.
1. Dng c v thit b:
Bnh tam gic dung tch 250ml.
Buret 25ml.
Pipet 1ml .
Cc thy tinh 250ml .
Cc thy tinh 100ml.
Bnh tia, bp cao su.
Phu thy tinh.
a thy tinh.
ng nh git.
Bp in.
Cn phn tch.
2. Ha cht:
Dung dch kali hydroxide 0,1N.
Dung mi ethanol 98%.
Ch th phenolphthalein 0,1%.
3. Cch pha ha cht
Pha 250ml dung dch KOH 0,1N: cn 1,40g cht rn KOH ,sau ha tan mt t
nc,dng a thy tinh khuy u. nh mc ln bnh nh mc 250ml.
mKOH =Cn V =0,1 0,25 56=1,4 g .

'
Xc nh nng thc ca KOH 0,1N bng cch: cho 10ml dung dch KOH ( Cn )

vo bnh tam gic 250ml +nh vi git ch th phenolphtalein (lc ny dung dch c
3

mu hng). Chun bng dung dch HCL 0,5N n khi dung dch mt mu. c th
V HCl =1,7 ml .

tch HCL 0,5N tiu tn

'

Cn V KOH =C HCl V HCl

C 'n 10=0,5 1,7
'

C n=0,085 N

4. Tin hnh th nghim:

Bc 1:Chun b dung mi
Ly 50ml dung mi ethanol 98% cho vo cc thy tinh 100ml un nng trn li
amiant (Lu : un nng khng un si) tip thm 2 git phenolphthalein
0,1% vo dung mi ethanol un nng v c trung ha bng dung dch KOH
0,1N (dung dch c mu hng nht).
Bc 2: Chun b mu
Cn 2,00g mu du m vo bnh tam gic dung tch 250ml.
Bc 3: Ha tan dung mi v mu chun b
Ly dung mi ethanol 98% thm phenolphtalin un nng vo bnh tam gic c
cha mu du, lc cho tan du (dung dch khng mu). Trng hp du khng tan
ht, phi va lc va un nh bnh trn bp ri lm ngui n nhit 15 200C.
Bc 4: Chun
Dng dung dch KOH 0,1N chun n khi xut hin mu hng nht, bn
trong 30 giy.
Lu : pipet 1ml chun s chnh xc hn.

5. Tnh kt qu:
Ch s acid ca du (X) c tnh theo cng thc sau:
'

56,11 x C N V
m

Trong :
4

'

CN

: nng ng lng thc ca dung dch KOH.

V : lng dung dch KOH 0,1N dng chun , tnh bng ml.
m : khi lng mu th, tnh bng g.
Kt qu thu c sau khi chun :
V = 0,2ml
'

C N =0,085 ml

m = 2,00g
Ch s acid ca du:
'
56,11.0,085 .0,2
56,11 x C N V
X
=
=0,476935
2
m

6. Nhn xt
Kt qu ch s acid ca du m tng i chnh xc.

B: XC NH CH S X PHNG HA (SV;IS)
Ch s x phng l s miligam KOH cn x phng ha 1g cht bo.
Nguyn tc: un si mu th vi dung dch KOH trong ethanol v cho hi lu bng cch
un cch thy c nt ng ngng. Sau ,chun KOH d vi dung dch chun HCl.
1. Ha cht
Dung dch KOH 0,5N.
Dung dch cn tnh khit (99%).
Dung dch HCl 0,5N.
Dung dch phenolphtalein 0,1%.
Dung dch KOH 0,1N.
2. Dng c v thit b
Cn phn tch.
Buret 25ml
Bnh tam gic c nt ng ngng.
Cc thy tinh 100ml.
Cc thy tinh 250ml.
Pipet 25ml.
Pipet 10ml.
Phu thy tinh.
a thy tinh.
Bnh nh mc 100ml.
Bnh nh mc 250ml.
ng bp.
ng nh git.
Bp in.
Ni kim loi.
3. Cch pha ha cht
Pha 100ml dung dch KOH 0,5N trong cn tinh khit:
mKOH =Cn V

= 0,5 0,1 56=2,8 g

Cch pha: cn 2,80g cht rn KOH ,cho vo cc thy tinh 100ml cha sn 10ml
nc ct ,dng a thy tinh khuy cho n khi ha tan. Dng cn tinh khit nh
mc ln bnh nh mc 100ml.

Pha 250ml dung dch HCl 0,5N , tinh khit P=36% , d=1,18g/ml:
mHCl =C n V =0,5 0,25 36,5=4,5625 g .

mddHCl =

mHCl 4,5625
=
=12,67 g .
P
0,36

V ddHCl =

m ddHCl 12,67
=
=10,7 ml .
d
1,18

Cch pha: ht 10,7 ml dung dch HCL c (P=36%), dng nc nh mc ln bnh

nh mc 250ml.
'
Cch xc nh nng ng lng thc HCl ( Cn :
'
Ht 10ml dung dch HCl ( Cn

cho vo bnh tam gic,nh vi git ch th

Phenolphatalein 0,1%. Sau chun bng dung dch KOH 0,1N n khi xut
hin mu hng bn trong 30s th ngng. c th tnh KOH 0,1N tiu tn l
V KOH

'

Cn V HCl =C KOH V KOH

C 'n 10=0,1 53
'

C n=0,53 N

4. Cch tin hnh

Bc 1: chun b mu th
Cn 2,00g mu du m vo bnh tam gic (bnh cha mu).
Ht 25ml dung dch KOH 0,5N cho vo bnh cha mu,y bnh tam gic bng
nt ng ngng, un nng trn bp cch thy. Lm tng t i vi bnh khng
mu nhng cch thi gian khong 10-15 pht sau un nng trn bp cch thy
trong 1h
Bc 2: Chun
Sau khi un nng, ly bnh mu,cho vi git ch th phenophtalein 0,1% ,lc
u (dung dch c mu hng) ,chun bng dung dch HCL 0,5N n khi mt
mu hng. Ta c th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N tiu tn l

Vm

Lm tng t i vi bnh khng mu. Ta c th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N tiu
tn l

V 0m

5. Cng thc
Ch s x phng SV c tnh theo cng thc sau:
56,11 (V 0 m V m )C 'n
SV =
m

Trong :
V 0 m : th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N khi chun bnh khng mu.
V m : th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N khi chun bnh c mu.
'

Cn : Nng ng lng thc ca HCl.

6. Kt qu
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N khi chun bnh khng mu:
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,5N khi chun bnh c mu:

V 0m

=19,1ml

V m=17,3 ml .

Ch s x phng SV:
SV =

56,11 (19,117,3)0,53
=26,76 mg KOH/g du
2,00

7. Nhn xt
Kt qu sai. Ch s x phng ha ca du m l 187-195 mg KOH/g du.
8. Gii thch
S liu thc khng chnh xc do mt s nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan nh
sau:
Lc cn khi lng rn KOH lu nn b ht m.

 Khi un trn bnh cch thy, nc trong ni bc hi ht nhng nhm

khng cp nc mt cch nhanh chng nn dn n s truyn nhit khng
u trong sut 1h un.
Nhit khi nung qu cao c th lm bay hi cc cht.
Nhit nung qu cao lm cht trong bnh tam gic b bay mt.

BI 2: CH S PEROXIDE
Ch s peroxit: l s gam iod c gii phng ra t KI trong mi trng acid ,di tc
dng ca cht peroxide c trong 100g du.
Nguyn tc: x l mu trong mi trng axit acetic v cloroform bng dung dch ioua.
Chun ioua t do bng dung dch chun natri thiosunfat.
Phng trnh phn ng:
RO2+2KI +2CH3COOH RO +I2 +2CH3COOK +H2O
I2+ 2 Na2S2O3 2NaI + Na2S4O6
1. Dng c,thit b
Cc thy tinh 100ml.
Cc thy tinh 250 ml.
Bnh nh mc 50 ml.
Pipet 1ml.
Bnh tam gic 250 ml
Buret .
Gi .
Bp in.
ng bp cao su.
Phu thy tinh.
ng ong.
ng nh git.
Cn phn tch.
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2. Ho cht:
Tinh bt 1%
Dung mi CH3COH() :CHCl3 (3:2)
Dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N
Dung dch KI bo ha.
3. Cch pha ha cht
Pha 50ml tinh bt 1%: cn 0,5g tinh bt, cho vo cc thy tinh 100ml, thm 50ml
nc ct. un n khi tinh bt b h ha hon ton.
Pha dung mi CH3COH() :CHCl3 (3:2): ht 15ml CH3COH() +10 ml
CHCl3 ,khuy u,ta c dung mi cn dng.
Pha dung dch KI bo ha: cho 10ml nc ct vo cc thy tinh 100ml, cho cht
rn KI vo n khi KI khng th ha tan c na.
Pha dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N:
Trc ht,ta pha 50ml dung dch Na 2S2O3 0,1N: cn 2,8g cht rn
Na2S2O3.5H2O ,dng nc ct nh mc trong bnh nh mc 50ml. Sau ,pha
250ml dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N bng cch ht 25ml dung dch Na 2S2O3 0,1N,
nh mc trong bnh nh mc 250ml.
4. Cch tin hnh:
- Cn du m: 2,00g
- Cho 1ml KI bo ho vo bnh tam gic 250 ml c cha mu, y nt nhm
(bnh cha mu).
- em bnh trong bng ti 5 pht.
- Lm tng t i vi bnh khng mu nhng thi gian tin hnh phi cch 1015 pht .
- Sau ly ra, cho 50 ml nc ct + 1, 2 git tinh bt 1% (dung dch c mu
xanh tm).
- Sau , chun bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N n khi mt mu:
c th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N tiu tn ca bnh khng mu: V0
c th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N tiu tn ca bnh c mu: Vm
5. Kt qu:
Th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N tiu tn ca bnh khng mu: V0=0,3ml
Th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,01N tiu tn ca bnh c mu: Vm=0,4ml
Cng thc tnh ch s peoxide:

10

P0 V =

(V m V 0) .C N .1000
m

Kt qu:
P0 V =

(0,4 0,3). 0,01 .1000

=0,5
2,00

6. Nhn xt
Kt qu tng i chnh xc do thao tc thnh tho, dung c ,ha cht c chun b
tt.

Bi 3: XC NH CH S IOT CA DU
1. Nguyn tc:
Ch s Iod l: khi lng Iod do mu hp th di iu kin thao tc quy nh theo
tiu chun.
Ch s Iod c biu th bng s gam Iod trn 100g mu th.
Ha tan mu th trong dung mi v cho thuc th Wijs. Sau mt thi gian xc nh
cho thm dung dch kali iodua v nc, chun Iod c gii phng vi dung
dch natri tiosunfat
2.
-

Dng c:
Bnh tam gic nt mi
Bnh tam gic
Bp cao su
ng nh git
Buret
Pipet 10, 25ml
Bnh nh mc
Cc thy tinh 50, 250ml
Phiu thy tinh
Gi g
a thy tinh

3. Ha cht:
- 10 ml HI 30%
- 10 ml CHCl
- 25 ml ICl (dung dch Wifs)
- Na2S2O3 0,1N
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4.

Tinh bt
Du m

Cch thc hin:

Chun b 2 bnh tam gic nt nhm ra sch , lm kh.
Bnh tam gic c nt nhm th nht cho: 0,2- 0,25g mu (du m)
Sau cho thm vo bnh 1, i 10 pht cho vo bnh 2 :
- 10 ml CHCl
- 25 ml ICl (dung dch Wijs)
Sau m b vo trong ti trong thi gian 1h
- Ly dung dch trong ti ra cho thm 30 ml nc ct, 10 ml HI 30%
Chun bng Na2S2O3 0,1N n khi xut hin mu vng rm.
Sau cho tinh bt vo -> c mu tm -> chun cho n khi mt mu tm.
Kt thc qu trnh chun .

5. Cng thc tnh ton:

Ch s Iod tnh theo cng thc:
( VoVm )0,01269100
m

Trong :
Vo: th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 chun s dng cho mu trng (ml)
Vm: th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 chun s dng cho mu th (ml)
M: khi lng mu th (g)
6. Kt qu th nghim:
Ha cht
S liu
Cng thc
( VoVm )0,01269100
Th
tch Vo=
m
dung dch 40,9 ml
Na2S2O3
chun s
dng cho
mu
trng(ml)
Th
tch Vm=
dung dch 31,5 ml
Na2S2O3
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Th s
( 40,931,5 )0,01269100
0,1

=119,286

chun
s
dng
cho
mu
th (ml)
khi lng M=
mu th (g) 0, 1g

7. Kt lun:
Kt qu ch s Iot tng i chnh xc.

Bi 4: XC NH HM LNG CN X PHNG
1. Dng c:
- 3 bnh tam gic 250ml.
- 1 pipet 25ml.
- 1 buret.
- 1 cc thy tinh 100ml.
- 1 cc thy tinh 250ml.
- 1 pipet 10ml.
- 1 bnh nh mc 250ml
- 1 bp in.
- 1 ng bp.
- 1 bnh tia.
- Cn phn tch.
2. Ha cht:
- 10g du
- Cn 98% ( phng th nghim dng cn tinh khit).
- Nc ct 1 ln.
- Ch th Phenolphthalein (PP) 1%.
- Acid clohydric (HCL) 0,01N.
Cch pha ha cht:
Phng th nghim, t HCl 3N pha thnh 250ml HCl 0,01N.
Ta c: (CV)=(CV)s , suy ra V =0,83ml. Ly 0,83ml HCl 3N ri nh mc
thnh 250ml, ta c dung dch HCl cn pha.
13

3. Cch tin hnh:

- Cn 10g mu x phng. Thc t, cn m=10,08g.
- Cho vo bnh tam gic 250ml. Sau , cho vo 50ml nc ct, 30ml cn 98%
v lc u.
- em dung dch va lc ln un nng trn bp in kim ha dung dch.
- Cho ch th Phenolphthalein (PP) 3-5 git, dung dch chuyn sang mu hng.
- em chun bng dung dch HCl 0,01N, suy ra th tch tiu tn.
- Trong thi gian chun phi nh acid xung t t bt u t 3-4 git, sau
nh lin tc tng git mt v lc tht mnh. Dung dch phn thnh 2 lp v tin
hnh quan st mu sc lp dung dch pha di. khi mu ca lp dung dch
pha di chuyn thnh mu hng nht th ngng chun .
4. Cng thc tnh:
Hm lng cn x phng:
X= VxFx0,00304x100/m=0,1x0,00304x100/10,08 = 0,003ml/g.
Vi V: th tch dung dch acid clohydric 0,01N dng chun mu th (ml)
F: h s chun ca dung dch acid clohydric 0,01N
0,00304: hm lng x phng tng ng vi 1ml dung dch acid nng ng
0,01N, g.
m: khi lng mu th, g.
5. Bo co s liu
Lu
Nn cho nc ct vo bnh tam gic trc kt hp vi PP th ha cht (dd
khng i mu l c), xc nh PP i mu do nc hay do x phng.
Sau cho du v cn.
Mu hng do ch th rt nht v du + x phng, nn iu chnh n gi tr trung
tnh.

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