Bo co Thc hnh phn tch thc phm - H i hc

H v tn: Hunh Th H Vy
Nguyn Th Bo Uyn

BI 2: XC NH CHUA, M V

Nguyn Th Thy

MN TRONG THC PHM

L Th Thu Nguyt

1.1. CU HI CHUN B
1. Nu khi nim chua trong thc phm v nguyn tc xc nh chua trong thc
phm bng phng php chun in th. C th xc nh chua trong sa chua
bng phng php chun thng thng c khng? Ti sao?
o chua: s ml NaOH 1N dng trung ha acid c trong 100g thc phm. chua trong
thc phm (hay acid) bao gm tt c cc acid c th nh lng c bng mt dung
dch kim chun. Nhng acid ny ch yu l cc acid hu c nh acid acetic, acid malic,
acid xitric, acid lacticCc acid CO2 v SO2 di th t do hay kt hp u khng tnh
trong chua ca thc phm. Do nhng thc phm nh bia, nc ngt, hoa qu c
cha CO2 v SO2 u c loi tr trc khi chun xc nh chua.
o Nguyn tc xc nh chua trong thc phm bng phng php chun in th:
o Mu thc phm sau khi x l, chuyn ha bng cc phng php thch hp, ly th tch
dung dch chnh xc ri chun bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N s dng in cc ch th thy
tinh. im cui chun nhn c khi dung dch xut hin bc nhy pH nh s theo di
bin thin pH theo th tch dung dch chun. Cc my chun in th t ng ghi nhn
im dng chun mt cch t ng, ghi li th tch dung dch chun . p dng nh
lut ng lng tnh kt qu.
o C th xc nh chua trong sa chua bng phng php chun thng thng c,
chun bng my o pH bng cch va chun va theo di bin i pH, ti bc nhy
pH th ngng chun , ghi li th tch dung dch chun v pH. Nhng chun ny
khng kh thi bng chun in th v sai s ln, khng chnh xc, tn nhiu thi gian v
cng sc.

2. chua c tnh theo n v no? Gii thch cng thc tnh ton trong bi theo
cc thng s F1, F2, Q, mL, mL1, mL2 c ci t trn my
o chua c tnh theo n v: g/l hoc %
mlF 1F 2
Q

Bo co Thc hnh phn tch thc phm - H i hc

o Gii thch cng thc tnh ton trong bi theo cc thng s F 1, F2, Q, mL, mL1, mL2 c ci
t trn my
F1 = (NV)C = 1*0,1(ml) = 0,1: nng dung dch chun NaOH
F2: 1000*mlactic = 1000*90/1000 = 90 : l h s bao gm m lactic, h s hiu chnh,
h s pha long (nu c)
Q : th tch mu xc nh em chun
mL : th tch NaOH tiu tn
mL1:
mL2:

3. Dung dch chun dng trong th nghim xc nh chua l dung dch no? C cn
hiu chnh nng ca dung dch khng? Gii thch. Nu c, trnh by cch hiu
chnh.
Dung dch chun dng trong th nghim xc nh chua l dung dch NaOH v dung
dch NaOH nn c hiu chnh n mt nng xc nh (nng NaOH thng dng
trong chun l 0,1N). Vn d phi hiu chnh nng NaOH v nng dung dch chun
thc t thng s c sai lch so vi nng l thuyt v vic hiu chnh ny lm gim sai
s trong qu trnh chun .
Ta c cng thc tnh h s hiu chnh nng :
T = Ctt/Clt
Trong : Ctt: Nng thc t
Clt: Nng l thuyt
Cch hiu chnh nng : C th hiu chnh nng NaOH bng dung dch H2SO4.
Ht V1 (ml) xc nh dung dch H2C2O4 0,1N cho vo bnh tam gic, cho vi git ch th
phenolphthalein 1% em chun vi dung dch NaOH 0,1N n khi xut hin mu hng
nht. Thu c kt qu VNaOH = V2 (ml). Sau p dng cng thc: C1V1=C2V2 tm c C2.
l nng thc t ca dung dch NaOH. T tm ra c h s hiu chnh l T =C 2/Clt
vi Clt = 0,1. Hiu chnh nng NaOH theo h s tnh c.

Bo co Thc hnh phn tch thc phm - H i hc

4. Nu nguyn tc xc nh mn ca nc mm.
Da vo kh nng phn ng ca ion Ag + vi ion Cl- to thnh AgCl kt ta mu trng v
ion Ag+ vi ion CrO42- to thnh Ag2CrO4 mu gch tin hnh xc nh lng NaCl.
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaCl + AgN03 AgCl + NaN03
Cho dung dch chun AgN03 vo dung dch cha NaCl cho n khi xut hin kt ta
gch th dng qu trnh chun .
2AgN03 + K2Cr04 Ag2Cr04 +

2KN03

Tin hnh chun trn 3 bnh tam gic ta c lng AgN0 3 trung bnh, t tnh
c lng NaCl. Phn ng ny thc hin tt trong mi trng trung tnh.
pH mi trng t 6.5 8.2
V nu mi trng kim th mt lng ion Ag+ s b hao i do phn ng:
2Ag+ +

2OH- Ag2O +

H2O

Nu mi trng axit th c s chuyn t CrO42- thnh ion bicromat Cr2O72- :

Ag2CrO4 2Ag+ + CrO422CrO42- +

2H+ Cr2O72- + H2O

Kt ta khng phi l Ag2CrO4 mu gch m l Ag2CrO7 mu vng rt kh pht hin

im tng ng do kt qu s thiu chnh xc.
Nu trong dung dch c ion CO 32- , S2- th cng to thnh cc kt ta vi ion Ag + lm
sai s.
Lu :
- Dung dch th khng c cha cc halogenua, Ba2+ v Sr2+ v K2CrO4 cng cho ta mu
vi cc mui ny.
- Phi chun nhit thng v Ag2CrO4 hi tan khi nng.
- Cht chun Ag2CrO4 + Khng phi l cht gc nn phi chun ha bng NaCl tinh khit
+ Khng bn di nh sng nn bo qun trong ti
+ D to ta nn pha trong nc ct 2 ln, nc kh ion
- Lng K2CrO4 khng qu nhiu
- Chun cho n khi dung dch c mu vng nh cam

Bo co Thc hnh phn tch thc phm - H i hc

5. Thit lp cng thc tnh mn ca nc mm. Gii thch vai tr tng cht. C ch
chuyn mu im cui. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
Vit s : 1ml nc mm
(Vm)
X g/ l=

50ml
(Vm)

5ml

tiu tn VAgNO3 0,1N

(V1)

( NV ) AgN O m NaCl V m

1000
Vm
V1
3

Trong :
N: nng cht chun AgNO3
V: th tch trung bnh ca AgNO3 tiu hao
: ng lng NaCl
Vm: th tch bnh nh mc (ml)
Vm: th tch mu thc phm (ml)
V1: th tch dung dch em i chun (ml)
C ch chuyn mu im cui: cho dung dch chun AgNO 3 vo dung dch cha NaCl.
Khi NaCl tc dng ht th AgNO3 s kt hp vi cht ch th K2CrO4 to kt ta gch
(dng qu trnh chun ).
Phng trnh phn ng:
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
AgNO3 + K2CrO4 Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3

1.2. BI TNG TRNH

1.2.1. Xc nh chua trong sa chua
a. Hiu chnh dung dch NaOH
Nng dung dch H2C2O4 (N): 0,1N

Th tch dung dch H2C2O4 (mL):........................

Th tch dung dch NaOH tiu tn (mL): V1 = .; V2 = ; V3 = .; Vtb = 1,136 ml

Nng dung dch NaOH (N):

0,1N

H s hiu chnh F2: 1........................................

b. Xc nh chua trong sa chua

X ( g /l )=

mlF 1F 2 1,1360,190
=
=6,012 ( g /l )
Q
2
4

Bo co Thc hnh phn tch thc phm - H i hc

1.2.2. Xc nh m
Khi lng chn sy (m0) =......................................................................................................
Khi lng chn sy + mu trc sy (m1) = ..........................................................................
Khi lng chn sy + mu sau sy (m2) = .............................................................................
m ca mu thc phm (%) = ............................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
1.2.3. Xc nh mn trong nc mm
Th tch mu nc mm (mL): 1 ml

Th tch nh mc (mL): 50 ml

Th tch mu c chun (mL): 5 ml

Nng dung dch AgNO3 (N): 0,1N
Th tch dung dch AgNO3 tiu tn (mL): V1 = 3,2 ml V2 = 3,1 ml

V3 = 3,1 ml.

Vtb = 3,133 ml
mn ca nc mm (gNaCl/L), biu din kt qu theo tin cy ng vi P = 0,95:
X g/ l=

( NV ) AgN O m NaCl V m

1000
Vm
V1
3

0,1 3,133 58,5 10 50

1000=183,281 ( g /l )
1
5

Vi tin cy P = 0,95 th chnh lch l 183,281*0,05=9,164 ( g/l )

Vy vi tin cy P = 0,95, mn ca nc mm l: 183,281 9,164 ( g/l )