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amjedns2@gmail.com
2009 -

% = )(CV

http://amjedns2cv.blogspot.com

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result: b=4
result: a=4
result: a=9
result: a=4.3

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set a 6
set b 4
set a $b
set a [expr 5+$b]
set a $b.3

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10

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outputfile [open "testfile" "w"] set
puts $outputfile "this is line 1"
close $outputfile
2 ! 6@ -AV  outputfile 2 - %6! -AK% % 8K
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11

:NS2 "0 e+  A /+f

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Create the event scheduler (simulator)

[Setup tracing]

Create network topology

[Setup routing]

[Insert error modules/network dynamics]

Create connection (transport)

Create traffic (application)

Schedule events

Start the scheduler

-$ 8$ w!-$1%  $-6 8$K $- S$ ][ $V $ 86 P %6 
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 topology JE GJ' %  6 P =< 8K

12

Create connection (transport)

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Create traffic (application)

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Schedule events

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any legitimate ns/tcl commands <event> :
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$ns at 0.3 "$ftp start"
$ns at 1.2 "$ftp stop"
$ns at 1.3 "finish"
8 -| 8K -
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Start the scheduler

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.--    6 -
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13

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router -$
 $
 $ *$1 J! J$' $%  -1 -| G ( K node
: 8-6- -
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set pc1 [$ns node]
set pc2 [$ns node]
set pc3 [$ns node]
set router [$ns node]
pc1 %$6= $ ( %@ %P   !  - 8 node  
$% 6 -$AV ($ $P 8$K  A$K $ns -$ -$! node A$, $1 $! $
G$$ $$6 = $$ Simulator *$$J $$! object $$ -$$ $$ ns 2$$ %$$6!
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 ! 81-|
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: 8-6
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 <bandwidth> <delay> <queue>
=-A-|! 8K
$ns duplex-link $pc1 $router 5mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $pc2 $router 5mb 2ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $pc3 $router 5mb 2ms DropTail
%$6 D! GV-A   8 parameter !  ! GD6 duplex-link 
Queue =-! Queue 1 GV-A = 8K
DropTail, RED, CBQ G$|! -$! P $! $ ! $ -$ Queue
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Queue *6$! 8$A  -$
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:%4

14

Queue
Drop packet
 ?% -  ! queue -A
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tcl $$$ $$$-$$$ - $$$A@%-$$$ 8$$$A; 2$$$1 $$$J ! $$$ -$$$G$$$ parameter%$$$K K-$$$! %$$$ $$$ }$$$DK; 8 $$$K=$$$@A $$$A $$$
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- -z -6 !% ?! ms, mb. D

15

:agent and application ci /A +

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set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
-D-$$ -$$1% -$$ 8$$6 Agent/TCP $$A $$! tcp %$$6! -$$AK% $$P=< $$ 8$$K
. ,- 21 - 2D%Y  6 = % - D%Y
set tcpsink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$$ TCPSink $$,-K tcpsink $$ tcp $$, $$A- $$, $$% 6 $$D1
. TCP } DK -
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
$ --A$ 6$K A ! D --A D1  , , % 6 -AV -A(
($ $, -A$- -$AV -$A $, D GD6 attach-agent  %Y
. n0 D
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcpsink
.n1 D  , -A- -AV
$ns connect $tcp $tcpsink
-$$, $$ $$%@6 6$$ 8$$J $$,! $$,! G$$ $$ -$$, $  %$$ $$
connect $ $%Y $ N$ $ -
$z  $ -$6 J$E 8$K 
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set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
-$$A-|! 8$$K $ -$$ $$D TCP ($$ $$ ! $$ -A$$ 6$$ $$P=< $$ 8$$K
.attach-agent  %Y  tcp ,< ( -A -AV FTP  -AK%
16

: 8- P @A D1 UDP agent % 6

set udp [new Agent/UDP]
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp
$ns attach-agent $n1 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
?$! -A TCPSink , P6 TCP 8@K TCP,UDP ! GJ , *1
- Null , P6-K UDP
...   2A - %   
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@! =
Connection oriented $
@! Y-$ $
@= $ N$ %$' -A$! - 2K% 
%$ %$ %$ ( K %4 %Y ( %Y ! ! -  21 8A
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-$$ $$@6 $$
@= $$
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$$$D  %$$$ 8$$$A UDP 2!P6$$$ $$$
K Connectionless $$$
@! -$$$!
. 81%6J % 2 -|! } % % % (  ! -
: V ( DA 8-  8K  -D6
Simulation application 6$ 8$6 -$D6 8$ FTP, Telnet, VoiceOverIP, Audio,etc G$|!
. DD  JE 8K -
!P6
Traffic generator  ;  86 -D6 8 CBR, VBR, Exponential, Pareto,etc G|!
-$  6$ $A ! $D% <-$E1 6$ traffic $% -$ 8$ $J $DD 8K
G$$$|! -$$$-  -$$$! 8$$$K -
!P6$$$ 6$$$ 8$$$6 -$$$ 6 $$$! $$$ -$$$
 $$$
. -% Exponential

17

: " ]
FTP $$ -$$ -$$
 $$D -$$
 $$! $$1 J! J$$' $$ J6$$ -$$A-|!
. -
 CBR - % -
 D % -

:*
!- w!-1%

set ns [new Simulator]

set f [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $f
proc finish {} {
global ns f
$ns flush-trace
close $f
# run animation
puts "running nam..."
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 5mb 2ms DropTail
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
set tcpsink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcpsink
$ns connect $tcp $tcpsink
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ns at 0.1 "$ftp start"
$ns at 1.5 "$ftp stop"
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp
18

set null [new Agent/Null]

$ns attach-agent $n0 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$ns at 0.0 $cbr start
$ns at 1.5 $cbr stop
$ns at 1.5 finish
$ns run
set ns [new Simulator]
set f [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $f
.Simulator ! *object % 6 -AV %
=$ Nam w!-$1% -$ $6! $ out.nam 2$ $! 6@ -AV 81-| %
. -D ;2 %6A 8!  GJ' 8K JE % 
-$-  $? $? $Q  D 86 namtrace-all  -A!P6 -| %
.-
Q%  D Nam w!-1% -
! G!- 6  8K -
-- ! S 86
proc finish {} {
global ns f
$ns flush-trace
close $f
# run animation
puts "running nam..."
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
-$@* $ $D= $ -$-  $ $-
1 8$K <$1 6$= $ %=
. %P % =A -
6K  86
19

 % % J  - proc  %  < %6 86 -

D6-$A
;  .
 % ! %  - global -A 6$P6$ <=$ -$ 8$K 2$1
 tcl%6  - %$ ;  $J -$
6 G$%$ ; -$
%  =  %6 !% ! %6 - 2 6%Y  N - .global
 %|- : 81- $ns flush-trace D 8 %@6 =% ! %$6 8$6
 P6!
8K - -- % 6 %- .!P6
 %%? -   *  =   8K 2 6K .w!-1%
 %- !-P - -Y ( P6- '-E  . puts
 %- -    D  =@A6! %=   shell 8K - terminal
Dos nam w!-$$1% =$$@A6 -$$AV -$$A!%$$  $$=$$  S$$ 2$$K $$-6J $$
.out.nam
! ! (D -%'  w!-1%- 2. -D- G,@6
hg :
% %J  S- % %, . case sensitive !-J % ; finish%6E  8K  w!-1% J 8K 2-6 !-J  D  %6 ! -A =@A.-

20

:3(A NS2 Formatting

: -1 ! A6   6A
Color Node manipulation Topology layout Misc :Color  : ;

link } node D J -!
K  -A
: packets
: node D  -A
$node color red
:link }%  -A
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 color green
op - K-Q -D- -A@ - D   } P6 duplex-link -
.label A  G|! options - 8A  86
:packets   -A
:8- w!-1%  8K P66 86  %  ;
 6
$ns color 1 red
$ns color 2 green
$ns color 3 yellow
-! V? Q JK 6- % 8 123 G|! -!-V  -- D1
fid_ %6 %Y  N agent z< -A 6K -A; @
: 8-6 %! %Y  N flow id -,6
$tcp set fid_ 2
$udp set fid_ 3
2@%   =2 V  tcp z- D 6  -A 6 -A
.green %z  2 V -A-|! 8K w!-1%
:Node Manipulation : -1-
GJE % 1-|( label) ; % ( 6  J D  - !
pc, router *
|! nam w!-1% 8K D ( A ! Q 6 ; % (shape)
 6P router GJ' *
|K -
-J' D  6 GJE A- %! N=
: 8- -
6-6 D%Y= J host (pc) GJ'
$node label server
21

$node2 label host1

}%*  
|! Q 6} % K label Q  - ?Q J -z
: 8-6 %!- N J*
|! 2 1 26%
$ns duplex-link-op $node $nod2 label Ethernet link
: circle, box, hexagon J -!
K shape GJE -!
$node shape box
$node2 shape circle
:Topology layout : -|-
N J nam w!-1% 8K JE GJ' A 8A layout , ,D
: 8-
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient left
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient down
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n1 orient 60deg
P6- n0 D  A- n1 D 2 ?Q 6 =-J? Q 6   6
up, down, right, left, right-up, ) --;? Q J orient 
6K layout (    right-down, left-up, left-down, 60deg)
. 8Q%6K? Q  
:Misc : - 
:- -
A! A %EA A6 8K P6  - 8
trace-annotate , set-animation-rate
-D 6  K-Q Q 6 P6  8 trace-annotate ( 
: 8- -
6@= A6 -A nam w!-1% 8K
$ns at 3.5 $ns trace-annotate \ tcp start send packet\
tcp start send - -  =< D6 3.5 ! 8K N 8A
.nam w!-1% ! 8@  8K packet
% -,D1 - P6 8 set-animation-rate 8 1-|
: 8-6- -
6 nam w!-1% 8K %
$ns at 1.0 $ns set-animation-rate 0.1ms

22

zA +:Network Animator(NAM) e

6P6 =  w!-1% % !  A ! , 26-6-  2 D %
-61 w --  , %   6 -6A , w !% 6 = -
( @
 .
; !    TCL-6J
 J%Y  -z =  w!-1%-E1 '  J
 NS2 8K w!-1%' GJ w!-1% 8K %
GJE-6: 8

=< % % -61- ! w-  GJE !% 6! 8 :

23

=< %  w!-1% Q  86@ -E1 '%Y  J 2D  

 :TCL

 -A %6A (  %   8K 8K w!-1%* A 6

-
 ( :

24

 :+
   -Y  % 6 ( % S %1  AK -A 8K -
! G ! GE -A ,D 
GE - -- -AV -JK 21 D  %
GJE JE ! 8 J D1 K K GE6 GE 6 -- 
-D 6-D  -- = N!- % A D D 8A  86 (
 -
A  - ! GE * <- D  % @ K ,V
 -- ! -
1 26( .26
 :+i.
   -  %z 6 (  ! K (  : S
 ' ( 
 GJ' -
J@ G-! D  %J6 %, =K-1
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-The ns Manual,
http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html

- Ns distribution download
- http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-build.html
- Installation problems and bug-fix
- http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-problems.html
- Ns-users mailing list
- Ns-users@isi.edu
- See http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-lists.html
- Archives from above URL
- Lots of slides displayed later

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