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Fun Pack Grammar For SPM
Fun Pack Grammar For SPM
iii) Infinitives
to-infinitive & infinitive without the word to
- has no present, past or future form
- some verbs are actually followed by to-infinitive
- some verbs are followed by the infinitive without the word to
- when there are two infinitive, the to is left out in the second infinitive
Example :
- They are learning to bake chocolate cookies.
- My sister hopes to buy a car by the end of the year.
- He is so brave to climb up the roof of the house.
- We dare not speak to the principal.
- She loves to cook and sew.
5. MODALS
a) shall/should : to express future tense with/and we, to ask for advice, to show
promise, to express obligation and to show condition.
Example :
- I shall finish my assignment by this week.
- What should we do?
- I shall go to your engagement party.
- All of us should chip in to help the victims.
b) ought to : to advice and show obligation.
Example :
- They ought to stay at home and start revising for the SPM examination next
week.
c) need : to form negative or interrogative sentances
Example :
- They need not go for the meeting.
d) must/have to/had to : to suggest a command or obligation
Example :
- All students must stick to the rules in the examination hall.
e) can/could : to express possibility, ability and to make a polite request
Example :
- He says he can do headstand.
- Could you please lend me a pencil, Andy?
* computer room
- sometimes they are written as compound word especially when the words are
short.
Example :
* homework
* toothbrush
* bookshop
- when a noun is used as adjective in the first noun is almost always singular.
Example :
* school sports
* coconut husks
* storybook
9. THE SIMPLE TENSES
The simple tenses is used :
- to show habitual action
Example : She usually goes to bed at ten oclock every night.
- to talk about a fact or something true about a person
Example : The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
- to show a planned action
Example : The plane to Perth leaves in an hour.
- to warn, instruct or order
Example : Keep quiet!
The simple past is used :
- to show an action that happened at a known time in the past.
Example : He jogged around the park yesterday.
- to express an unlikely event
Example : If I were you, I would not go on the trip.
The simple future is used :
-to show a future action
Example : We will visit you in London this year.
- to show a likely event when used in the main clause of a conditional sentences.
Example : The little boy will sleep if he is tired.
- to express commands or announcements
Example : Form 4 Orchid will present a sketch.
10. PREPOSITION
Preposition of Place/Position
-to indicate the position of a subject/thing
Example : The bookshop is opposite the bank.
Preposition of Direction
-to indicate where something is going or moving to
Example : She ran across the road to stop the bus.
Preposition of Time
-to indicate when something happens
Example : They went home after the programme.
Preposition of Purpose
-to indicate the purpose of an action
Example : The baby was sent to the hospital for a check-up.
11. CONJUCTIONS
and, also, as well as (to show things of similar value) I keep a cat and a
dog as my pets.
but, yet, however, although, even though (to show contrast) Although it
was raining heavily, he walked to school.
because, as, since, for (to show reason) Kassim is absent because his
mother is not well.
both....and, neither.nor, either..or (to express a similar idea or a choice)
Either my father or my mother will attend the meeting.
so that, in order to (to indicate purpose) We cleaned our classroom so
that we could study in a comfortable environment.
unless, if (to show condition) My little brother refused to go to the
playground unless I followed him.
where, wherever ( to show place) The old man did not know where he
could get a loan to build a house.
12. CONNECTORS
i) logical connectors join words and sentences in a logical manner.
besides, besides that, in addition, furthermore (to add more information or
to introduce a new point) The canteen floor is very dirty. Besides that, the
tables are not cleaned properly.
therefore, as a result, thus, consequently (to show the result of some event
or action) The rivers are heavily polluted. As a result, the government is
planning to start a campaign.
however, on the other hand (to introduce a contrasting point) The illegal
motorist tried to run away from the police. However, they were all caught.
similarly (to introduce a similar point) The government carried out the
cleanliness campaign. Similarly, my school also carried out the campaign
last week.
ii) sequence connectors are used to connect words or sentences which follow a
sequence of events.
firstly
subsequently
meanwhile eventually
then
next
after that
finally
after
later
Example :
- First, get some fresh apples. Then, cut them into slices.
- The farmer worked very hard. Eventually, he bought a big piece of land to farm.
13. SENTENCE STRUCTURES
simple sentences consists of one subject and one finite verb.
Example :
- I like durians.
- My teacher is a Science teacher.
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