ALLELE

CHARACTERISTICS
1. Occupy the same locus.
2. Affect the same trait.
3. No crossing-over.
4. Wild-type alleles dominant to mutant alleles.
5. Cis- and trans- configurations lacking.
6. Lack of complementation.
7. Follow Mendelian inheritance pattern.
8. Relationship with genotypes- No. of probable genotypes = n(n+1)/2.

EXAMPLES OF ALLELES

Body colour in Drosophila:

Controlled by two alleles:
b - mutant recessive black allele
b+ - normal dominant grey allele
Characteristics:
1. Occupy the same locus.
2. No crossover evident.
3. No Complementation.
4. Cis-, trans- arrangements lacking.
5. Allelomorph - genotype relationship exists.
6. Follow Mendelian segregation.

TYPES

Multiple alleles.
Isoalleles.
Pseudoalleles.

MULTIPLE ALLELES

ISOALLELES
Definition - Multiple alleles which act within the same
phenotypic range of each other are termed isoalleles. Quantitative
separation between various genotypes of these alleles that appear
superficially as one phenotype (either wild or mutant) are not
ordinarily distinguishable.

Types 1. Mutant isoallele

2. Normal isoallele

PSEUDOALLELES

Definition - Genes which are functionally related in

the same compound locus but though rarely are
separable by crossing over and behave differently in
cis-, trans- arrangements are called pseudoalleles.
Such genes have separate loci, but are so closely
linked that they often inherit together as a single unit
with minimum occurrence of crossing over.

CHARACTERISTICS

All of them are functionally related; i.e., affect the same trait.
Each of them occupies a separate sub-locus within the same
compound locus.
Crossing over though rarely but is evident between them that
separates them.
Do not follow Mendelian inheritance ratio for alleles at a single locus.
Different behaviour is evident in cis - and trans- arrangements - a
point contrary to allelic genes.

EXAMPLE
Lozenze eye locus in Drosophila
4 groups of subloci each containing one or more
different alleles.
Recombination freq. 0.03 0.09%
Functionally related eye-shape, amount of eye
pigment and reduction of fertility in homozygous
females.