BATUK = COUGH

HP, FKUWKS, 2012

FAAL :
Inspirasi ekspirasi :

Cough
Substances
Iritans
nX

Destruktive
Cairan

1.Rec. batuk :

Inflate / Ekspansi
Chest wall

Ekspulsif (2.5 L )

Rec: pada trakeo bronkial tree

Others receptor
2. Bahan iritan

: Epitel bronkus :
Bronkokonstriksi

3. Tekanan Inspirasi : otot polos:

Herring Brauer
Rflx
4. Congestif

: capillary Alveoli/ Juxta

capillary Rec.
Sensasi

Pathophysiology: concepts altered health state: carol mattson po

tenggelam

5. Chemo Rec
Central :
Perifer :
mmhg)

Medulla (LCS ) H+
A carotis ( pO2 < 60
hiperkapnea
peningkatan RR:

Laringo trakeo bronkitis

Croup syndrome

Barking Cough

Hoarseness

Stridor Inspiration

Batuk
Akut

Kronik

Lebih dari 3-8 minggu

Rhinitis
Faringitis
Croup
Bronkitis akut
Bronkiolitis
Pneumoni akut

Bronkitis kronik
Bronkiectasis
Emfisema
Asthma
Pneumoni
GERD
ACE-inhibitor ( pril)
Infeksi TBC, mycoplasma
Masalah2 Jantung
Stress
Kanker Paru

Batuk
Pagi hari

Bronkitis Kronis.
Bronkiectasis

Malam hari
Asthma,
CHF,
GERD
( anak ) : Croup
Stress ( batuk hilang saat tidur)

Seasonal
Allergi

Batuk
Dahak

Bronkus
Bronkioli
Alveoli ( pneumoni )

putih
Kuning
Hijau
Coklat
Abu2
Merah

Allergi
Bakteri
Pneumoni
Darah
Polusi
Darah

Kering

Sinusitis
Faringitis
Trakeitis
Corup ( ?)
ACE inhibitor
Pneumonia intersitial

Batuk =
Barking
inspirasi

Hoarsness

Epiglotis
Laring

Vocal Cords
DD
Snorring
Gurgling

Stridor

Batuk

Berapa Lama ? < 3mgg

Kering / dahak ? ( warna )

Sesak/ Dyspneu

Pagi/ malam

Batuknya spt apa ( lokasi )

Nyeri dada/ Chest pain

Dyspneu
(breatlessness,shortness of breath)

Primary Lung disease

Emphisema
Asthma
pneumonia

Heart disease

Pulmonary congestion

Neuromuscular disorder

Mystenia gravis
Muscular dystrophy

4 mekanisme sesak
1.
2.
3.
4.

Stimulasi dari Lung Rec.

Transformasi informasi dari Rec ke otak
Berkurangnya cadangan ventilasi
Stimulasi dari otot dan tension yg mempengaruhi TV

Chest Pain
Non spesific chest pain
Pleuritic Pain : breathing
Bronkitis
Bronkiolitis
Pneumonia
kanker paru
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary emboli

Productive Cough
Bronchus
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Asthma bronchial
Lung Ca
Alveoli
Pneumonia
Lung Ca

bronchitis

Acut - Chronic

Bronchitis is a condition which is

clinically defined as a chronic cough
with mucus production most months
of the year. The mucus secretions and
inflammation in the bronchi tend to
narrow the airways and provide an
obstacle to airflow, thus increasing
the resistance of the airways. In this
manner bronchitis may cause
obstructive pulmonary symptoms.
Radiographic Appearance
Chronic bronchitis cannot be
diagnosed radiologically. Although
findings such as increased lung
markings or tubular opacities,
bronchial wall cuffing (thickening) can
be seen with bronchitis, they are
nonspecific.
The main reason for getting a chest
X-ray is to exclude other conditions,
such as bronchiectasis, which can
mimic the disease clinically.

Bronchiectasis
Et: TBC, Immunocompromise
ISPA, RA, Aspirasi pneumoni

Cystic fibrosis
Gen cacat ,
pengaturan H20 dan garam
pada proses pembuangan

Asthma bronchial

Hiperreaktifitas bronchus
Makrofag
Neutrofil
bradikinin
Eosinofil
vaskuler
Limfosit T ( CD4)
Limfosit BPG
Bradikinin
Histamin

mediator lepas
Histamin,
dan LT
kebocoran

Bronko konstriksi

Teori Steroid dan NE menurun pada malam hari :

Pneumonia
Gejala frekuensi
pneumonia[12]
Gejala

Frekuensi

Batuk

79-91%

Kelelahan

90%

Demam

71-75%

Sesak napas

67-75%

Dahak

60-65%

Nyeri dada

39-49%

Pneumonia
1.
2.
3.

Pneumonia lobaris
Broncho pneumoni
Pneumonia interstitialis/bronchiolitis

Komplikasi
Emfisema
Ateletaksis
Pleural effusion
pleuritis

Alogoritme
Batuk
Akut/ Chronik
Ringan

Berat
Malam hari/pagi hari

Non produktive - Produktive

Kuning
Hijau
Darah
Kentel- lengket

sesak
Mengi

Bukan mengi

Asthma Bronkial
Asthma Cardiale
Croup

Parenkim- Pleura

RPD Allergi
Riwayat : CHF
Atau gejala Right-Left
Anak2, Tanda Croup syndr

Muscular problem
Nerve ?

Chest pain
Non spesific Chest pain
Paru

DD
Bronkitis akut
Bronkitis kronik
Bronkiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia/ Broncho pneumonia
Pneumonia TBC
Pleuritis
Masalah jantung
Masalah obat ACE inhibitor
Tumor paru
Stress
Post nasal drip : Rhinitis, Sinusitis, faringitis
Hasil foto
Emfisema
Ateletaksis
CTR > 50
Hasil lab :
Anemia Kronis

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