FAAL :

Inspirasi – ekspirasi :
HP, FKUWKS, 2012
Substances

Iritans
nX
Inflate / Ekspansi
Chest wall
Destruktive

Ekspulsif (2.5 L )
Cairan

1.Rec. batuk : Rec: pada trakeo bronkial tree

2. Bahan iritan : Epitel bronkus :
Bronkokonstriksi

3. Tekanan Inspirasi : otot polos:

Herring Brauer Rflx

4. Congestif : capillary Alveoli/ Juxta

capillary Rec.
Sensasi tenggelam
Pathophysiology: concepts altered health state: carol mattson porth
5. Chemo Rec

Central : Medulla (LCS ) H+

Perifer : A carotis ( pO2 < 60 mmhg)
hiperkapnea
peningkatan RR:
Laringo trakeo bronkitis

Croup syndrome

Barking Cough

Hoarseness

Stridor Inspiration
 Akut Kronik

Lebih dari 3-8 minggu

Rhinitis
Faringitis Bronkitis kronik
Croup Bronkiectasis
Emfisema
Bronkitis akut Asthma
Bronkiolitis Pneumoni
GERD
Pneumoni akut ACE-inhibitor (… pril)
Infeksi TBC, mycoplasma
Masalah2 Jantung
Stress
Kanker Paru
 Pagi hari Malam hari Seasonal

Asthma, Allergi
Bronkitis Kronis. CHF,
Bronkiectasis GERD
( anak ) : Croup

Stress ( batuk hilang saat tidur)

 Dahak Kering

Bronkus Sinusitis
Bronkioli Faringitis
Alveoli ( pneumoni ) Trakeitis
Corup ( ?)
ACE inhibitor
Pneumonia intersitial
putih Allergi
Kuning Bakteri
Hijau Pneumoni
Coklat Darah
Abu2 Polusi
Merah Darah
Barking Hoarsness Stridor inspirasi

Epiglotis Vocal Cords Laring

DD
Snorring
Gurgling
Berapa Lama ? < 3mgg

Kering / dahak ? ( warna )

Sesak/ Dyspneu
Pagi/ malam

Batuknya spt apa ( lokasi )

Nyeri dada/ Chest pain

Primary Lung disease Heart disease Neuromuscular disorder

Emphisema Pulmonary congestion Mystenia gravis

Asthma Muscular dystrophy
pneumonia

4 mekanisme sesak

1. Stimulasi dari Lung Rec.

2. Transformasi informasi dari Rec ke otak
3. Berkurangnya cadangan ventilasi
4. Stimulasi dari otot dan tension yg mempengaruhi TV
Non spesific chest pain
Pleuritic Pain : breathing

Bronkitis
Bronkiolitis
Pneumonia
kanker paru
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary emboli
Bronchus
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
Asthma bronchial
Lung Ca
Alveoli
Pneumonia
Lung Ca
Acut - Chronic
Bronchitis is a condition which is clinically
defined as a chronic cough with mucus
production most months of the year. The
mucus secretions and inflammation in the
bronchi tend to narrow the airways and
provide an obstacle to airflow, thus
increasing the resistance of the airways. In
this manner bronchitis may cause
obstructive pulmonary symptoms.

Radiographic Appearance
Chronic bronchitis cannot be diagnosed
radiologically. Although findings such as
increased lung markings or tubular
opacities, bronchial wall cuffing
(thickening) can be seen with bronchitis,
they are nonspecific.
The main reason for getting a chest X-ray is
to exclude other conditions, such as
bronchiectasis, which can mimic the
disease clinically.
Et: TBC, Immunocompromise
ISPA, RA, Aspirasi pneumoni
Cystic fibrosis

Gen cacat ,
pengaturan H20 dan garam
pada proses pembuangan
Hiperreaktifitas bronchus
Makrofag mediator lepas
Neutrofil Histamin, bradikinin
dan LT
Eosinofil kebocoran vaskuler
Limfosit T ( CD4)
Limfosit B

PG
Bradikinin Bronko konstriksi
Histamin

Teori Steroid dan NE menurun pada malam hari :

 Gejala frekuensi
pneumonia [ 12 ]
Gejala Frekuensi
Batuk 79-91%
Kelelahan 90%
Demam 71-75%
Sesak napas 67-75%
Dahak 60-65%
Nyeri dada 39-49%
1. Pneumonia lobaris
2. Broncho pneumoni
3. Pneumonia interstitialis/bronchiolitis
Komplikasi

Emfisema
Ateletaksis
Pleural effusion
pleuritis
 Batuk

Akut/ Chronik

Ringan Berat

Malam hari/pagi hari

Non produktive - Produktive

Kuning
Hijau
Darah
Kentel- lengket
 sesak

Mengi Bukan mengi

Asthma Bronkial
Asthma Cardiale Parenkim- Pleura
Croup Muscular problem
Nerve ?

RPD Allergi

Riwayat : CHF
Atau gejala Right-Left

Anak2, Tanda Croup syndr

Non spesific Chest pain

Paru
Terima kasih