Chapter 7 and 8 Test Study Guide

Chapter 7

I. Only the plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplast.

II. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell.

III. DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell.

IV. Eukaryotes are organisms that have a nucleus; Prokaryotes do

not have a nucleus.

V. The cell theory states:

a. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
b. All cells come from existing cells.
c. All organisms are made of one or more cells.

VI. The chicken egg is the largest cell and does not need a
microscope to be seen.

VII. Humans are multicellular because they have over 200 different kinds
of cells.

VIII.All life begins as a single cell.

IX. Cells make tissue, tissue makes organs, organs are part of an
organ system and they all make up one organism.

X. Fat, blood, and muscle are all example of tissue.

XI. A plant leaf, the heart, and the stomach are all examples of
organs.

XII. Cells:
a. Are surrounded by a cell membrane.
b. Come from other cells.
c. Contain cytoplasm and organelles.

XIII.DNA is the hereditary material of cells.

 Chapter 8

XIV.Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring.

XV. Organisms that are best adapted to their environments are

more likely to survive and reproduce according to Darwin’s
theory of Natural selection.

XVI.A change in an organism’s hereditary information is known as a

mutation.

XVII.Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in

its environment are called adaptations.

XVIII.Adaptations can include:

a. Behaviors finding food.
b. Structures for protecting oneself.
c. Behaviors for mating.

XIX.In natural selection, organisms that are best adapted are most likely
to:
a. Survive
b. Reproduce
c. Pass their traits to the next generation.

XX. Overproduction means that more offspring are born than will survive

XXI.Certain insects can become resistant to some pesticides due to their

short life spans. This resistance is called genetic resistance.

XXII.Selective breeding is the process of only picking organisms with

strong or desirable traits.