1.

2.
a) t
a
÷ h
Cache x
t
Cache
¹ (1 h
Cache
)
x
h
RAM x
t
RAM
÷ h
Cache

x
t
Cache
¹ (1 h
Cache
)
x
1
x
100t
Cache
÷ (100 99 h
Cache
)
x
t
Cache
h
Cache
÷ 0.7 ÷~ t
a
÷ 30.7
x
t
Cache
÷ 614 ns.
h
Cache
÷ 0.9 ÷~ t
a
÷ 10.9
x
t
Cache
÷ 218 ns.
h
Cache
÷ 0.98 ÷~ t
a
÷ 2.98
x
t
Cache
÷ 59.6 ns.
b) The average byte cost is
c
a
÷ (c
Cache

x
s
Cache
¹ c
RAM

x
s
RAM
) / (s
Cache
¹ s
RAM
) ÷ (200 c
RAM

x
s
Cache
¹ 4000
c
RAM
) / (s
Cache
¹ 4000) ÷ (200
x
0.2 s
Cache
¹ 4000
x
0.2) / (s
Cache
¹ 4000) ÷ (40
s
Cache
¹ 800) / (s
Cache
¹ 4000)
s
Cache
÷ 64 ÷~ ca ÷ 0.82.
s
Cache
÷ 128 ÷~ ca ÷ 1.43.
s
Cache
÷ 256 ÷~ c
a
÷ 2.59.
1
c) For the three design choices, the product oI average access time and average cost
is 614
x
0.82 ÷ 503.48, 218
x
1.43 ÷ 311.74, and 59.6
x
2.59 ÷ 154.36, respectively.
ThereIore, the third option is the best choice.

3.
a)
b)
2
c)
3
d)
e)
Great Common Divisor (GCD).
go¸in ÷ 0, x¸in ÷ 12, y¸in ÷ 8 ÷~ d¸out ÷ 0.
go¸in ÷ 1, x¸in ÷ 12, y¸in ÷ 8 ÷~ d¸out ÷ 4.
go¸in ÷ 1, x¸in ÷ 5, y¸in ÷ 13 ÷~ d¸out ÷ 1.
4