Cell Transport

Passive Transport
Passive Transport is the movement of particles from an
area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration without the need for ATP (energy).
Osmosis and Diffusion are two types of passive transport
because they require no ATP (energy) for movement.
Facilitated Diffusion - is a type of passive transport that
requires proteins for help
Molecules that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer move
through protein channels instead
Protein channels allow large molecules to pass
Cells do not require energy to do this.

Active Transport
Active Transport is the movement of particles
from an area of lower concentration to an area
of higher concentration with the need of ATP
(energy).
We say that it moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration gradient.
Active transport may or may not use transport
proteins to help move the molecules across the
cell membrane.

Protein Types
Channel Proteins tubelike transport openings
in the plasma membrane through which
particles can diffuse.
Channel proteins are only used in Passive Transport

Carrier Proteins transport proteins that

change shape when they bind a particle and
transport it into the cell.
Carrier proteins can be used in Active or Passive
Transport.

Examples of Active Transport

Endocytosis- process of taking
materials into the cell by means of
infoldings of the cell membrane
(forming a vacuole in the cytoplasm).
Phagocytosis- process of taking
large particles into the cell and then
digesting them.
Exocytosis- the release of large
amounts of material from the cell.

Cell Size
In general, small cells work more efficiently than larger
cells in moving materials in and out of the cell.
Cells range in size from .1 to 100 m. Cells within this
size range are large enough to contain all the
components needed to perform metabolic functions
and reproduce.
However, they are also small enough for nutrients to
diffuse into and through the cell at efficient rates.
When cells grow too large for diffusion to move enough
materials in to maintain growth, cells stop growing.