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Mishra
Department Of Physics
BITS Pilani
Mechanics, Oscillations
and Waves (MEOW)
Major Division
1. Mechanics (R.R. Mishra)
20 ~ 22 Lectures
20 ~ 22 Lectures
Textbooks :
1. An Introduction to Mechanics :
Daniel Kleppner & Robert
Kolenkow
2. The Physics of Vibrations &
Waves : A. P. French
Mechanics
Chapter No. 2 : Review of Newtons
Equations
Chapter No. 3 : Linear Momentum
Chapter No. 4 : Work, Energy & Power
Chapter No. 6 : Angular Momentum
Chapter No. 8 : Non-inertial systems and
Fictitious Forces
Chapter 2
Constrained Motion
Newtons Equations in Polar
Coordinates
Constrained Motion
Examples
1. Pulley-mass system
Constraint eq.
(h x1 ) (h x 2 )
x1
a1 a 2 0
x2
Constraint equation :
h
x y
1 ay ax
h
Prob. 2.16
Block on accelerated wedge
Angle of wedge : 450
Acceleration of
wedge : A, to right
No friction between block and
wedge
A
450
mg
450
x
1 2
At
2
Constraint Equation :
1 2
x y h At
2
ax ay A
m
N
N
mg mA N
(A g)
2 2
1
1
a x (A g) ; a y (A g)
2
2
mg
450
x y h X a x a y Ax
N
N
N
mg
2 2
2
(Mass of wedge : m)
N
mg
3
2
g
2g
ax ; ay
;
3
3
g
Ax
3
Prob. 2.20
M2
M3
M1
x1
M2
x2
M3
M1
y0
Constraint Equation :
(x1 x 2 ) ( y0 y)
a1 a 2 a 3 0
M2
T
M3
M1
T M 2a 2
T M 3g M 3a 3
a1 a 2 a 3 0
T (M1 M3 ) a1
F Fx i Fy j
v v x i v y j
Equations of Motion
r (t ) x(t ) i y(t ) j
dr
v( t )
x i y j
dt
dv
a
x i y j
dt
m a F m(x i y j ) Fx i Fy j
m x Fx ; m y Fy
F
m
Polar Co-ordinates
r,
r r 1
r
r 0
A A r r A
(r, )
in terms of (i, j) .
r = cos i + sin j
= - sin i + cos j
= - sin i + cos j
r & - r
We have,
r = r r
v r r r r r
r r r
v r r & v r
a v r r r r r - r r
2
(r - r ) r (r 2r )
Comparing with a a r r a
a r r - r & a r 2 r
2
m(r - r ) Fr
m(r 2 r ) F
Newtons Eqs. in
polar coordinates
Prob. 2.29
Coeff. of friction =
Car starts from centre of platform
v0
Find :
a) Acceleration of car as a function of
time using polar coordinates. Show by
vector diagram
b) The time at which the car starts to
skid
c) Direction of frictional force at the
time of skidding
a) We have :
r v0 t
t
a r r r 2 r2
a r 2r 2v0
v0
a r r2
a 2v 0
ar
x
m a 2r a 2
m r 24 4 2 v02
m v024 t 2 42 v02 mv0 4 2 t 2
2 g 2 42 v 02
v 0 2
Fr
F 2 m v0
Direction of
skidding
Prob. 2.33
y
r(t ) A e
Find .
- t
Be
(r r2 ) 0
2mr F N
N
m
r
2
dt
2 r 2 r
Both e
&e
Now,
dr 1
r0 v 0 et r0 v 0 e t
dt 2
t
e
For dr dt to be negative, the coeff. of
must be negative.
Additional Part
N 2mr m r0
e r0
e
Prob. 2.35
A block of mass m slides
v
on the inside of a ring
fixed to a frictionless
table. It is given an initial
velocity of v0. Coefficient
of friction between the ring and the block
is . Find the velocity and position at a
later time t.
0
ANS :
Fr = - N
F = - N
m(r r ) mR N
m(r 2r ) mR N
2
Putting
d
2
dt
1
d
1
2 0 dt 0 t
0
t
1 0 t
R v0
v
R v 0 t
0
d
dt 1 0 t
dt
0 d 0 1 0 t
t
n 1 0 t
0
Prob. 2.37
A bowl shaped racing
track, on which a
racing vehicle can
move in horizontal
circles without
friction.
Q : What should be the equation of the
vertical cross section of the track, so
that it takes the same time T to circle the
track, whatever be its elevation
y
N
N cos mg
mv 2
N sin
x
dy
v2
tan
dx g x
mg
x
2x
Since , v
,
T
dy 42 x
kx
2
dx
gT
2
x
yk
2
(Parabola)