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SSC Polity Capsule: WWW - Careerpower.in WWW - Careeradda.co - in
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From U.S.
THE PREAMBLE
Written Constitution
The Indian Constitution starts with the preamble which
outlines the main objectives of the Constitution. It reads:
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Page 1
From U.K.
Nominal Head President (like Queen)
Cabinet System of Ministers
Post of PM
Parliamentary Type of Govt.
Bicameral Parliament
Lower House more powerful
Council of Ministers responsible to Lowe House
Speaker in Lok Sabha
age 1
From USSR
Fundamental Duties
Five year Plan
Part VIII
Part IX
Part IXA
Part IXB
Part X
Part XI
Part XII
Part XIII
From AUSTRALIA
Concurrent list
Language of the preamble
Provision regarding trade,
intercourse
Part XIV
commerce
and
Part XIVA
Part XV
Part XVI
From JAPAN
Law on which the Supreme Court function
From WEIMAR CONSTITUION OF GERMANY
Suspension of Fundamental Rights during the
emergency
From CANADA
Scheme of federation with a strong centre
Distribution of powers between centre and the
states and placing. Residuary Powers with the
centre
From IRELAND
Concept of Directive Principles of States
Policy(Ireland borrowed it from SPAIN)
Method of election of President
Nomination of members in the Rajya Sabha by the
President
PARTS DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTITUTION
Subject
Articles
Part
Part I
The Union and its Art. 1 to 4
territory
Part II
Citizenship
Art. 5 to 11
Part III
Fundamental Rights
Art. 12 to 35
Part IV
Directive Principles
Art. 36 to 51
Part IVA
Fundamental Duties Art. 51A
Part V
The Union
Art. 52 to 151
Part VI
The States
Art. 152 to 237
Part VII
Repealed by Const. (7th Amendment) Act,
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Part XVII
Part XVIII
Part XIX
Part XX
Part XXI
Part XXII
1956
The
Union
Territories
The Panchayats
The Muncipalities
The
Co-operative
Societies
The Scheduled and
Tribal Areas
Relations between
the Union and the
States
Finance,
Property,
Contracts and Suits
Trade,
Commerce
and
Intercourse
within the Territory
of India
Services under the
Union and the States
Tribunals
Elections
Special
provisions
relating to certain
classes
Official Language
Emergency
Provisions
Miscellaneous
Amendment of the
Constitution
Temporary,
Transitional
and
Special Provisions
Short
title,
commencement,
authoritative text in
Hindi and repeals
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Page 2
age 2
Article 370
Article 395
of minorities
Cultural and
Educational
Rights
establish
and
administer
educational institutions
Article 31:- Omitted by the 44th
Amendment Act
Article 32:- The right to move the
Right to Equality
Article
Right to Freedom
Right Against
Exploitation
prohibited
Article 24:- No child below the age
of 14 can be employed
Article 25:- Freedom of conscience
Right to freedom
of Religion
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IMPORTANT
AMENDMENTS
IN
THE
INDIAN
CONSTITUTION
Amendme Year
Importance
nt
7
1956
Reorganisation of states on
linguistic basis and abolition
of Class A, B, C and D states
and introduction of Union
Territories.
9
1960
Adjustments
to
Indian
territory as a result of
agreement with Paksitan.
10
1961
Dadra, Nagar and Haveli
included in Indian Union as a
Union Territory on acquisition
from Portugal.
12
1961
Goa, Daman and Diu included
in Indian Union as a Union
Territory on acquisition from
Portugal.
13
1963
The state of Nagaland formed
with special protection under
Article 371A.
14
1962
Pondicherry incorporated into
Indian Union after transfer by
France.
21
1967
Sindhi added as language in
the 8th schedule.
26
1971
Privy purse paid to former
rulers of princely states
abolished.
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Page 3
Right to
Constitutional
Remedies
age 3
42
1976
44
1978
52
1985
61
1989
71
1992
73
1993
74
1993
86
2002
92
2003
8, 23, 45,
62, 79
and 95
1960,
1970,
1980,
1989,
2000 and
2010
2011
96
Impeachment
Quasi-judicial procedure
Can be impeached only on the ground of violation
of constitution
The impeachment procedure can be initiated in
either House of the Parliament
Vacancy
In case of office falls vacant due to death,
resignation or removal, the Vice-President act as
President. It he is not available then Chief Justice, it
not then senior-most Judge of the Supreme court
shall act as the President of India
The election is to be held within 6 months of the
vacancy
Powers
Appoints PM, Ministers, Chief Justice & judge of
Supreme Court & High Court, Chairman & members
of UPSC, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney
General, Chief Election Commissioner and other
members of Election Commission of India,
Governors, Members of Finance Commission,
Ambassadors, etc
Can summon & prorogue the sessions of the 2
houses & can dissolve Lok Sabha
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Page 4
1975
age 4
36
Other Points
Holds office for 5 years. Can be re-elected
Term can be cut short if he resigns or by a
resolution of the Rajya Sabha passed by a majority
of all the then members of the Rajya Sabha and
agreed to by the Lok Sabha
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Page 5
age 5
High Court
1. There is a provision for a High Court in each State
and each Union Territory but two or more States or
two or more Union Territories or States and Union
Territories, together, may establish a common High
Court.
2. The Judges of the High Court are also appointed by
the President.
3. A person shall not be eligible to become a Judge of a
High Court unless such a person(a) has been a judicial officer for not less than
years within the territory of India; or
(b) has been an advocate for not less than 10 years
in a High Court in India.
4. The Judges of the High Courts retire from their
office after attaining the age of 62 years.
5. The judges and the Chief Justice of the High Courts
are removed from the office by the President in the
same manner as adopted in the case of the Supreme
Court.
Supreme Court
1. The Supreme Court is a federal court. Its only seat
is located at Delhi. Its bench can be established at
other places also but so far it has not been
established.
2. The Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by
the President.
3. A person shall have the following qualification to
become eligible for the appointment as a Judge of
the Supreme Court, if:
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Page 6
age 6
Term
Bill
Act
Member
Private Member
Vote on Account
Definition
Termination of a sitting of a House
without any definite date being fixed
for the next sitting
The termination of a session of the
House by an order made by the
President under article 85(2) (a) of
the Constitution.
The first hour of a sitting of the
House normally allotted for asking
and answering of questions
The minimum number of members
required to be present at a sitting of
the House or the Committee for
valid transaction of its business. The
quorum to constitute a sitting of the
House is one-tenth of the total
number of members of the House
and in respect of a Committee it is
one-third of the total number of
members of the Committee
A
self-contained
independent
proposal submitted for the approval
of the House and drafted in such a
way as to be capable of expressing a
decision of the House.
The vote cast by the Speaker or the
Chairman in the case of an equality
of votes on a matter
Deletion of words, phrases of
expression for the proceedings or
records of the House (for being
Term
Adjournmentsine
die
Definition
Term
Annual Financial statement of the Budget
estimated receipts and expenditure
of the Government of India for a
financial year
The estimate of expenditure in Demand for Grant
respect of a Ministry/Department
not charged upon the Consolidated
Fund of India, placed for approval
before
the
House
on
the
recommendations of the President
A Bill ordinarily introduced each Finance Bill
year to give effect to the financial
proposals of the Government for the
following financial year
A bill containing only provisions Money Bill
dealing with all or any of the matters
specified in sub-clauses (a) to (g) of
Clause (1) of Articel 110 of the
Constitution. (Such a bill cannot be
introduced
without
the
recommendation of the President
and it also cannot be introduced in
the Rajya Sabha
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Prorogation
Question Hour
Quorum
Resolution
Casting vote
Expunction
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Page 7
BASIC DEFINITIONS
Definition
The draft of a legislative proposal
Bill passed by both the Houses of
Parliament and assented to by the
President
A member of the House of the People
(Lok Sabha)
A member other than a Minister
age 7
defamatory
or
indecent
or
unparliamentary or undignified)
Planning Commission
1. The chairman of the Planning commission is Prime
Minister of India
2. Planning commission is an economic advisory body
set up by a resolution of union cabinet in 1950. It is
not mentioned in Constitution.
3. Its main function is to prepare the five-year Plan for
economic and social development
Finance Commission
1. Finance Commission was set up in 1951.
2. Its present chairman is Y. V. Reddy.
3. Its main function is to advice President on the
financial issues.
National Development Council
1. NDC was formed in 1952
2. Its members includes chief ministers, cabinet
ministers, all members of planning commission.
3. Its chairman is Prime Minister.
4. Its main function is to review working of national
plan.
Election Commission
1. Sukumar Sen was an Indian civil servant who was
the first Chief Election Commissioner of India
2. Election Commission is a constitutional body.
3. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed
from his office by Parliament with two-thirds
majority in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha on the
grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
Other Election Commissioners can be removed by
the President on the recommendation of the Chief
Election Commissioner.
4. The current CEC is V. S. Sampath.
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Attorney-General
The Attorney-General for India is appointed by the
President and hold office during the pleasure of the
President. He must be a person qualified to be
appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court. The
duty of Attorney General to give advice to the
Government of India upon such legal matters and to
perform such other duties of a legal character, as
may be referred or assigned to him by the
President, and to discharge the functions conferred
on him by or under the Constitution or any other
law. He also has right to take part in the proceeding
of Parliament.
Comptroller and Auditor General
Comptroller and Auditor General is appointed by
the President. Procedure and grounds for his
removal from office are the same as for a Supreme
Court Judge. He is not eligible for further office
under the Union or a State Government after he
ceases to hold his office. His main work to submit
the reports on accounts of the Union and States to
the President and respective governors which are
placed before Parliament and state legislatures.
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
The chairman and other members of the Union
Public Service Commission are appointed by the
President of India and they hold office for a term of
6 years from the date of appointment or until they
attain the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. The
main function of the commission is to conduct
examination and hold interviews for making
appointments to the various services of the Union
IMPORTANT WRITS IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
Type of
Writ
Habeas
Corpus
Meaning
of the
word
You may
have the
body
Mandamus
We
Command
Certiorari
To be
certified
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Purpose of issue
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Page 8
Term
Short
Notice
Question
age 8
Definition
A question relating to a matter of
public importance of an urgent
character asked with notice shorter
than ten clear days
What is
your
authority?
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Eighth Schedule
List of 22 languages of India recognized by
Constitution
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati,Hindi ,Kannada , Kashmiri,
Manipuri ,Malayalam ,Konkani ,Marathi ,Nepali , Oriya ,
Punjab, Sanskrit ,Sindhi, Tamil ,Telegu ,Urdu, Santhali,
Bodo ,Maithili , Dogri
Sindhi was added in 1967 by 21 Amendment
Konkani, Manipuri ad Nepali were added in 1992
by 71 amendment Santhali, Maithili, Bodo and
Dogri were added in 2003 by 92 amendment
CHAIRMEN OF VARIOUS
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
Committee on the Rules of
Procedure
Steering Committee
Finance and Staff Committee
Credential Committee
House Committee
Order of Business Committee
Ad hoc Committee on the
National Flag
Committee on the Functions
of the Constituent Assembly
States Committee
Advisory
Committee
on
Fundamental
Rights,
Minorities and Tribal and
Excluded Areas
Minorities Sub-Committee
Fundamental Rights SubCommittee
North-East Frontier Tribal
Areas and Assam Exluded &
Partially Excluded Areas SubCommittee
Excluded
and
Partially
Excluded Areas (Other than
those
in
Assam)
SubCommittee
Union Powers Committee
Union
Constitution
Committee
Drafting Committee
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COMMITTEES
IN
THE
Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra Prasad
Alladi Krishnaswami
Ayyar
B. Pattabhi
Sitaramayya
K.M. Munsi
Rajendra Prasad
G.V. Mavalankar
Jawaharlal Nehru
Vallabhbhai Patel
H.C. Mookherjee
J.B. Kripalani
Gopinath Bardoloi
A.V. Thakkar
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru
B.R. Ambedkar
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Page 9
Quo
Warranto
age 9
Prohibition