Ulaby CH 1 Solutions

Problem 1.
1 Use appropriate multiple and submultiple prefixes to express the

following quantities:
(a) 3,620 watts (W)
(b) 0.000004 amps (A)
(c) 5.2 106 ohms ()
(d) 3.9 1011 volts (V)
(e) 0.02 meters (m)
(f) 32 105 volts (V)
Solution:
(a) 3,620 W = 3.62 kW.
(b) 0.000004 A = 4 A.
(c) 5.2 106 = 5.2 .
(d) 3.9 1011 V = 390 GV.
(e) 0.02 m = 20 mm.
(f) 32 105 V = 3.2 MV.
c
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Problem 1.2 Use appropriate multiple and submultiple prefixes to express the
following quantities:
(a) 4.71 108 seconds (s)
(b) 10.3 108 watts (W)
(c) 0.00000000321 amps (A)
(d) 0.1 meters (m)
(e) 8,760,000 volts (V)
(f) 3.16 1016 hertz (Hz)
Solution:
(a) 4.71 108 s = 47.1 ns.
(b) 10.3 108 W = 1.03 GW.
(c) 0.00000000321 A = 3.21 nA.
(d) 0.1 = 10 cm.
(e) 8,760,000 V = 8.76 MV.
(f) 3.16 1016 Hz = 316 aHz.
c
Problem 1.3 Convert:

(a) 16.3 m to mm
(b) 16.3 m to km
(c) 4 106 F (microfarad) to pF (picofarad)
(d) 2.3 ns to s
(e) 3.6 107 V to MV
(f) 0.03 mA (milliamp) to A
Solution:
(a) 16.3 m = 16, 300 mm.
(b) 16.3 m = 0.0163 km.
(c) 4 106 F = 4 pF.
(d) 2.3 ns = 2.3 103 s.
(e) 3.6 107 V = 36 MV.
(f) 0.03 mA = 30 A.
c
Problem 1.4 Convert:

(a) 4.2 m to m
(b) 3 hours to seconds
(c) 4.2 m to km
(d) 173 nm to m
(e) 173 nm to m
(f) 12 pF (picofarad) to F (farad)
Solution:
(a) 4.2 m = 4.2 106 m.
(b) 3 hours = 1.08 1010 s.
(c) 4.2 m = 4.2 103 km.
(d) 173 nm = 1.73 107 m.
(e) 173 nm = 0.173 m.
(f) 12 pF = 1.2 1011 F.
c
Problem 1.5 For the circuit in Fig. P1.5:

(a) Identify and label all distinct nodes.
(b) Which of those nodes are extraordinary nodes?
(c) Identify all combinations of 2 or more circuit elements that are connected in
series.
(d) Identify pairs of circuit elements that are connected in parallel.
1
+
16 V _
3
4
Figure P1.5: Circuit for Problem 1.5.
Solution:
a
+
16 V _
c
4
d
Fig. P1.5 (a)
(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.5(a).

(b) Nodes b, c, and d are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 16 V and 1 .
(d) Parallel connections: 4 and 5 .
c

series.
4
+
12 V _
+
_ 8V
Solution:
a
+
12 V _
4
2
c
+
_ 8V
d
Fig. P1.6 (a)

(b) Nodes b and d are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 12 V and 4
4 and 8 V.
(d) Parallel connections: none.
c

series.
1
0.1
+
4V _
0.3
1
0.2
0.4
Solution:
a
b
1
0.1
+
4V _
0.3
1
c
0.2
d
0.4
e
Fig. P1.7 (a)

(b) Nodes b, c, d, and e are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 4 V and 1 .
(d) Parallel connections: None.
c

series.
+
12 V _
25
40
10
60
5
30
20
15
Solution:
a
+
12 V _
f
b
25
40
60
10
30
20
15
e
Fig. P1.8 (a)

(b) Nodes b, c, e, and f are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 12 V and 25
10 and 20
c

series.
4A
3
6
2
+
_
48 V
Solution:
4A
b
a
2
+
_
6
2
d
c
4
48 V
e
Fig. P1.9 (a)

(b) Nodes a, b, c, and e are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 2 and 48 V.
c

series.
12 V
+
_
32
16
8
6
Solution:
a
12 V
+
_
10
4
c
32
16
8
6
b
Fig. P1.10 (a)

(b) Nodes b and c are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 8 and 6 .
(d) Parallel connections: 12 V and 4
4 and short circuit.

series.
1
3
2
20 V
_
Solution:
3
5
2
20 V
_
c
6
e
Fig. P1.11

(b) Nodes a, b, and d are extraordinary.
(c) Series connections: 5 and 20 V
4 and 6 .
(d) Parallel connections: 2 and 1 .
c
Problem 1.12 The total charge contained in a certain region of space is 1 C. If

that region contains only electrons, how many does it contain?
Solution:
ne =
Q
1
=
= 6.25 1018 electrons.
qe 1.6 1019
c
Problem 1.13 A certain cross section lies in the xy plane. If 3 1020 electrons
go through the cross section in the z-direction in 4 seconds, and simultaneously,
1.5 1020 protons go through the same cross section in the negative z-direction, what
is the magnitude and direction of the current flowing through the cross section?
Solution: Negatively charged electrons moving along +z-direction constitute a
current in the z-direction:
Ie =
Q 3 1020 1.6 1019

=
= 12 A,
t
4
along z-direction.
Positively charged protons moving along z-direction constitute a current in the

z-direction:
Ip =
Q 1.5 1020 1.6 1019

=
= 6 A,
t
4
along z-direction.
Total net current is:

I = Ie + Ip = 12 + 6 = 18 A,
along z-direction.
c
Problem 1.14 Determine the current i(t) flowing through a resistor if the
cumulative charge that has flowed through it up to time t is given by
(a) q(t) = 3.6t mC
(b) q(t) = 5 sin(377t) C
(c) q(t) = 0.3[1 e0.4t ] pC
(d) q(t) = 0.2t sin(120 t) nC
Solution:
d
3
3 = 3.6 (mA).
(a) i(t) = dq
dt = dt (3.6t 10 ) = 3.6 10
d
6
6
(b) i(t) = dq
dt = dt [(5 sin 377t) 10 ] = 5 377 10 cos 377t = 1.885 cos 377t
(mA).
d
0.4t ) 1012 ] = 0.3 1012 (0.4) (e0.4t )
(c) i(t) = dq
dt = dt [0.3(1 e
= 0.12e0.4t (pA).
d
9
(d) i(t) = dq
dt = dt [(0.2t sin 120 t) 10 ]
= (0.2 sin 120 t + 0.2t 120 cos 120 t) 109
= 0.2 sin 120 t + 75.4t cos 120 t
(nA).
c
Problem 1.15 Determine the current i(t) flowing through a certain device if the
cumulative charge that has flowed through it up to time t is given by
(a) q(t) = 0.45t 3 C
(b) q(t) = 12 sin2 (800 t) mC
(c) q(t) = 3.2 sin(377t) cos(377t) pC
(d) q(t) = 1.7t[1 e1.2t ] nC
Solution:
(a)
i(t) =
dq
d
= [0.45t 3 106 ] = 0.45 3t 2 106 = 1.35t 2
dt
dt
( A).
(b)
i(t) =
d
dq
= [(12 sin2 800 t) 103 ] = 2 12 800 103 sin 800 t cos 800 t
dt
dt
(A).
= 60.32 sin 800 t cos 800 t
(c)
i(t) =
dq
d
= [(3.2 sin 377t cos 377t) 1012 ]
dt
dt
= [(3.2 377 cos2 377t + 3.2 377 sin2 377t) 1012 ]
= 1.21(sin2 377t cos2 377t)
(nA).
(d)
i(t) =
dq
d
= [1.7t(1 e1.2t ) 109 ]
dt
dt
= [1.7(1 e1.2t ) + 1.7t(1.2)(e1.2t )] 109
= 1.7(1 e1.2t + 1.2te1.2t )
(nA).
c
Problem 1.16 Determine the net charge Q that flowed through a resistor over the
specified time interval for each of the following currents:
(a) i(t) = 0.36 A, from t = 0 to t = 3 s
(b) i(t) = [40t + 8] mA, from t = 1 s to t = 12 s
(c) i(t) = 5 sin(4 t) nA, from t = 0 to t = 0.05 s
(d) i(t) = 12e0.3t mA, from t = 0 to t =
Solution:
(a)
Q(0, 3) =
Z 3
0
i dt =
Z 3
0
0.36 dt = 0.36t|30 = 1.08
(C).
(b)
Q(1, 12) =
Z 12
1
i dt =
Z
(c)
Q(0, 0.05) =
Z 0.05
0
12

(40t + 8) dt 103
12

40t 2
+ 8t 103 = 2.948
2
1
i dt =
Z
0.05
(C).
5 sin 4 t dt 109

5 cos 4 t 0.05
9
=
10
4
0
= (0.32 + 0.40) 109 = 80
(pC).
(d)
Q(0, ) =
Z
0
i dt =
Z
0.3t
12e
dt 10

12e0.3t
=
103 = 40 (mC).
0.3 0
c
Problem 1.17 Determine the net charge Q that flowed through a certain device
over the specified time intervals for each of the following currents:
(a) i(t) = [3t + 6t 3 ] mA, from t = 0 to t = 4 s
(b) i(t) = 4 sin(40 t) cos(40 t) A, from t = 0 to t = 0.05 s
(c) i(t) = [4et 3e2t ] A, from t = 0 to t =
(d) i(t) = 12e3t cos(40 t) nA, from t = 0 to t = 0.05 s
Solution:
(a)
Q(0, 4) =
Z 4
0
i dt =
Z
(b)
Q(0, 0.05) =
Z 0.05
0
(3t + 6t ) dt 10
4
3t 2 6t 4
103 = 408
+
2
4 0
i dt =
Z
0.05
(mC).
4 sin 40 t cos 40 t dt 106
4
sin2 40 t|0.05
106 = 0.
0
2 40
=
(c)
Q(0, ) =
Z
0
i dt =
Z
0
2t
(4e 3e
(d)
Q(0, 0.05) =
Z 0.05
0
i dt =

3 2t
t
) dt = 4e + e
= 2.5
2
0
Z
0.05
3t
12e
(C).
cos 40 t dt 109 .
From Tables of Integrals,

Z
eax cos bx dx = eax
(a cos bx + b sin bx)

.
a2 + b2
Hence,
"
Q(0, 0.05) = 12e3t
#
(3 cos 40 t + 40 sin 40 t) 0.05
109 = 0.32

9 + (40 )2
0
(pC).
c
Problem 1.18 If the current flowing through a wire is given by i(t) = 3e0.1t mA,
how many electrons pass through the wires cross section over the time interval from
t = 0 to t = 0.3 ms?
Solution:
Q(0, 0.3 ms) =
Z 0.3 ms
0
i dt =
Z
0.3 ms
0.1t
3e
dt 103
0.3103

3e0.1t
3
10
=
0.1
0
5
= 30(e310 1) 103 = 9 107

ne =
(C).
Q
9 107
=
= 5.62 1012 electrons.
e
1.6 1019
c
Problem 1.19
by
The cumulative charge in mC that entered a certain device is given
for t < 0,
0,
q(t) = 5t,
for 0 t 10 s,
60 t, for 10 s t 60 s
(a) Plot q(t) versus t from t = 0 to t = 60 s.

(b) Plot the corresponding current i(t) entering the device.
Solution:
(a)
q(t)
50 mC
t (s)
10 20 30 40 50 60
(b)
i(t)
5 mA
10 20 30 40 50 60
t (s)
1 mA
c
Problem 1.20 A steady flow resulted in 3 1015 electrons entering a device in

0.1 ms. What is the current?
Solution:
i=
Q ne e 3 1015 1.6 1019

=
=
= 4.8 A.
t
t
0.1 103
c
Problem 1.21 Given that the current in mA flowing through a wire is given by
for t < 0,
0,
i(t) = 6t,
for 0 t 5 s,
30e0.6(t5) , for t 5 s,
(a) Sketch i(t) versus t.
(b) Sketch q(t) versus t.
Solution:
(a)
i(t)
30 mA
20 mA
10 mA
t (s)
2
10 12 14
t
(b) q(t) =
i(t) dt.
For 0 t 5 s,
t
Z t

6t 2
3
103 = 3t 2
q(t) =
6t dt 10 =
2 0
0
(mC).
For t 5 s,
q(t) =
Z
"
6t dt +
Z t
0.6(t5)
30e
dt 103
#
5
Z t
6t 2
+3
0.6t
+ 30e
e
dt 103
2 0
5
= [75 + 50(1 e0.6(t5) )]
(mC).
q (mC)
125
100
75
50
25
t (s)
2
10 12 14
c
Problem 1.22 The plot in Fig. P1.22 displays the cumulative amount of charge q(t)
that has entered a certain device up to time t. What is the current at
(a) t = 1 s
(b) t = 3 s
(c) t = 6 s
q(t)
4C
2s
4s
t
6s
8s
4 C
Figure P1.22: q(t) for Problem 1.22.
Solution:
(a) a = 42 = 2 A @ t = 1 s (slope of first segment).
(b) i = 0 @ t = 3 s (slope of q(t) = 0 at t = 3 s).
(c) i = 8
4 = 2 A @ t = 6 s (negative slope of third segment).
c
Problem 1.23 The plot in Fig. P1.23 displays the cumulative amount of charge q(t)
that has exited a certain device up to time t. What is the current at:
(a) t = 2 s
(b) t = 6 s
(c) t = 12 s
q(t)
4C
4e0.2(t8)
2C
0
4s
8s
Solution:
(a) i = 0 @ t = 2 s (slope = 0 of first segment).
42
= 24 = 0.5 A (slope of second segment).
(b) i = 84
(c)
i=
dq
d
d
= (4e0.2(t8) ) = 4e1.6 e0.2t = 4 0.2e1.6 e0.2t
dt
dt
dt
= 0.36 A @ t = 12 s.
c
Problem 1.24 The plot in Fig. P1.24 displays the cumulative charge q(t) that has
entered a certain device up to time t. Sketch a plot of the corresponding current i(t).
q
20 C
t (s)
3
20 C
Solution: Based on the slope of q(t):
20 A
20 A
dq
i(t) =
= 0
dt
20 A
for 0 t 1 s
for 1 t 3 s
for 3 t 4 s
for 4 t 5 s
for t 5 s
i (A)
20
t (s)
1
20
Fig. P1.24
c
Problem 1.25 In the circuit of Fig. P1.25, node V1 was selected as the ground node.
(a) What is the voltage at node V2 ?
(b) What is the voltage difference V32 = V3 V2 ?
(c) What are the voltages at nodes 1, 3, 4, and 5 if node 2 is selected as the ground
node instead of node 1?
R2
V4 = 10 V
V3 = 32 V
R4
V5 = 20 V
R3
R1
R5
V2
+
_
48 V
V1 = 0
Solution:
(a) V2 = 48 V
(b) V32 = V3 V2 = 32 48 = 16 V
V4
R2
R4
V3
V5
R3
R1
V2 = 0
+
_
R5
48 V
V1
Fig. P1.25 (a)
(c) V1 = 48 V
From part (b), V32 = 16 V, which means V3 is below V2 by 16 V. Hence,
V3 = 16 V (relative to V2 ).
From the earlier configuration, V4 was 22 V below V3 . Hence, in the new
configuration
V4 = 22 16 = 38 V (relative to V2 ).
Similarly,
V5 = 12 16 = 28 V (relative to V2 ).
c
Problem 1.26 In the circuit of Fig. P1.26, node V1 was selected as the ground node.
(a) What is the voltage difference across R6 ?
(b) What are the voltages at nodes 1, 3, and 4 if node 2 is selected as the ground
node instead of node 1?
V3 = 6 V
R6
10 V
R2
+
_
R4
V1 = 0
20 V
+
_
R1
V2 = 4 V
R3
R5
V4 = 12 V
Solution:
(a) V3 = 6 V, relative to V1 . This includes a voltage rise of 10 V due to the voltage
source. Hence, the voltage across R6 must be 4 V.
(b)
V3 = 2 V
R6
10 V
+
_
R4
V1 = 4 V
20 V
+
_
V2 = 0
R3
R5
V4 = 8 V
Fig. P1.26 (a)
The new voltages are:

V1 = 4 V
(relative to V2 ),
V3 = 6 V 4 V = 2 V (relative to V2 ),
V4 = 12 V 4 V = 8 V (relative to V2 ).
c
Problem 1.27 For each of the eight devices in the circuit of Fig. P1.27, determine
whether the device is a supplier or a recipient of power and how much power it is
supplying or receiving.
+ 6 V_
1A
+ 8 V_
+ 4 V_
2A
1A
4A
+
1 16 V
_
+
10 V 3
_
+ 12 V _
3A
_ 7V+
9V 7
_
+
8
Solution:
Device 1:
Device 2:
Device 3:
Device 4:
Device 5:
Device 6:
Device 7:
Device 8:
p = i = 16 (4) = 64 W (supplier)
p = i = 6 4 = 24 W (recipient)
p = i = 10 1 = 10 W (recipient)
p = i = 12 4 = 24 W (recipient)
p = i = 9 (3) = 27 W (supplier)
c
Problem 1.28 For each of the seven devices in the circuit of Fig. P1.28, determine
whether the device is a supplier or a recipient of power and how much power it is
supplying or receiving.
+ 6 V_
V_
24 V 1
4A
5
2A
3A
10
_V
+ V
6_
+ 4 V_
1A
_ 12
5A
2A
Solution:
Device 1:
Device 2:
Device 3:
Device 4:
Device 5:
Device 6:
Device 7:
p = i = 24 (5) = 120 W (supplier)

p = i = 12 4 = 48 W (recipient)
p = i = 4 (2) = 8 W (supplier)
p = i = 10 3 = 30 W (recipient)
c
Problem 1.29 An electric oven operates at 120 V. If its power rating is 0.6 kW,
what amount of current does it draw and how much energy does it consume in 12
minutes of operation?
Solution:
p 0.6 103
=5
(A).
=
120
w = p t = 0.6 103 12 60 = 432
i=
(kJ).
c
Problem 1.30 A 9-V flashlight battery has a rating of 1.8 kWh. If the bulb draws a
current of 100 mA when lit, determine the following:
(a) For how long will the flashlight provide illumination?
(b) How much energy in joules is contained in the battery?
(c) What is the batterys rating in ampere-hours?
Solution:
(a)
t =
w W
1.8 103
=
=
hours
p i 9 100 103
= 2, 000 hours.
(b) W = 1.8 103 3600 = 6.48 (MJ).

(c) Ampere-hours = 1.89kWh
V = 0.2 (kAh).
c
Problem 1.31 The voltage across and current through a certain device are given by
(t) = 5 cos(4 t) V,
i(t) = 0.1 cos(4 t) A.
Determine:
(a) The instantaneous power p(t) at t = 0 and t = 0.25 s.
(b) The average power pav , defined as the average value of p(t) over a full time
period of the cosine function (0 to 0.5 s).
Solution:
(a)
p(t) = i = (5 cos 4 t)(0.1 cos 4 t) = 0.5 cos2 4 t
(W).
p(0) = 0.5 W @ t = 0
p(0.25 s) = 0.5 cos2 (4 0.25) = 0.5 W @ t = 0.25 s.
(b)
1
pav =
T
Z T
0
0.5
1
p(t) dt =
0.5 cos2 4 t dt
0.5 0
1
1
[sin 4 t cos 4 t + 4 t]|0.5
=
0 =
8
4
(W).
c
Problem 1.32 The voltage across and current through a certain device are given by
(t) = 100(1 e0.2t ) V

i(t) = 30e0.2t mA.
Determine:
(a) The instantaneous power p(t) at t = 0 and t = 3 s.
(b) The cumulative energy delivered to the device from t = 0 to t = .
Solution:
(a)
p(t) = i = 100(1 e0.2t ) 30e0.2t 103
= 3(e0.2t e0.4t )
(W).
(b)
W=
Z
0
p(t) dt = 3(e0.2t e0.4t ) dt

3e0.2t 3e0.4t
=
+

0.2
0.4
0
=
3
3
= 7.5
0.2 0.4
(J).
c
Problem 1.33 The voltage across a device and the current through it are shown
graphically in Fig. P1.33. Sketch the corresponding power delivered to the device
and calculate the energy absorbed by it.
i(t)
10 A
5A
0
(t)
1s
2s
1s
2s
5V
Figure P1.33: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem 1.33.
Solution: For 0 t 1 s,
p = i = 5t 10 = 50t
For 1 s t 2 s,
p = i = (10 5t) 5 = 50 25t.
W=
Z 2
0
p dt =
Z 1
0
50t dt +
Z 2
1
(50 25t) dt
1
2
25t 2
50t 2
+ 50t
=
2 0
2 1
= 37.5
(J).
p(t)
50 W
25 W
t (s)
1s
2s
c
i(t)
10 A
0
(t)
t
1s
2s
1s
2s
5V
Figure P1.34: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem 1.34.
Solution: For 0 t 1 s,
p(t) = i = (5t)(10t) = 50t 2
For 1 s t 2 s,
= 5(2 t)
i = 10(2 t)
p(t) = 50(2 t)2
p(t)
50 W
t
1s
w=
Z 2
p(t) dt
Z 1
2s
50t dt +
Z 2
50(2 t)2 dt
= 33.3 J.
c
i(t)
10 A
t
1s
3s
4s
3s
4s
(t)
5V
0
1s
2s
5 V
Figure P1.35: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem
1.35.
Solution:
For 0 t 1 s,
p(t) = i = 5(10t) = 50t.
For 1 s t 3 s, p = 0.
For 3 s t 4 s,
= 5 V,
i = (10t + 40) A,
p(t) = i = 50t 200.
For t 4 s, p = 0.
p(t)
50 W
t (s)
0
1
50 W
Fig. P1.35 (a)
Energy w = 0.
c
Problem 1.36 After t = 0, the current entering the positive terminal of a flashlight
bulb is given by
i(t) = 2(1 e10t )
(A),
and the voltage across the bulb is (t) = 12e10t (V). Determine the maximum power
level delivered to the flashlight.
Solution:
p(t) = i
= 12e10t [2(1 e10t )]
= 24(e10t e20t ).
to find pmax , we take the derivative of p(t) and equate it to zero:
d
dp
= [24(e10t e20t )]
dt
dt
= 24(10)e10t 24(20)e20t = 0,
which simplifies to
e10t 2e20t = 0.
Dividing by e10t gives
1 2e10t = 0,
or
e10t =
1
.
2
Taking the natural log of both sides gives

10t
ln(e

1
,
) = ln
2
10t = 0.693,
or
t = 0.0693 s.
Using this value of t in the expression for p(t) gives
pmax = 24(e100.0693 e200.0693 )
= 24(0.5 0.25) = 6 W.
c
Problem 1.37 Apply the law of conservation of power to determine the amount of
power delivered to device 4 in the circuit of Fig. P1.37, given that that the amounts
of power delivered to the other devices are: p1 = 100 W, p2 = 30 W, p3 = 22 W,
p5 = 67 W, p6 = 201 W, and p7 = 120 W.
5
2
4
P4 = ?
6
Figure P1.37: Circuit of Problem 1.37.
Solution: Conservation of power requires that

p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 = 0.
Hence,
p4 = p1 p2 p3 p5 p6 p7
= (100) 30 22 67 (201) 120
= 62 W.
c
Problem 1.38 Determine Vy in the circuit of Fig. P1.38.
+ Vx _
5
1.2 A
12 V
I = 0.1Vx
+
_
+
10
_y
Solution: Give that a 1.2-A current is entering the + terminal of Vx it follows that
Vx = 1.2 5 = 6 V.
Hence,
I = 0.1Vx = 0.6 A,
and
Vy = 0.6 2 = 1.2 V.
c
Problem 1.39 Determine V , the voltage of the dependent voltage source in the
circuit of Fig. P1.39.
V = 2Ix
_
10
20
Ix
10 V
+
_
+
_
15 V
30
Solution: Given that the voltage across the 5- resistor is 15 V, it follows that
Ix =
15
= 3 A.
5
Hence,
V = 2Ix = 2 3 = 6 V.
c
Problem 1.40 For the circuit in Fig. P1.40, generate circuit diagrams that include
only those elements that have current flowing through them for
(a) t < 0
(b) 0 < t < 2 s
(c) t > 2 s
t=0
R1
R2
V0
+
_
R3
R4
t=2s
R5
R6
Solution:
(a) t < 0
R1
V0
R2
R3
R5
R6
+
_
(b) 0 < t < 2 s

R1
R2
V0
+
_
R5
(c) t > 2 s
c
R1
R2
V0
+
_
R4
R5
R6
c
Problem 1.41 For the circuit in Fig. P1.41, generate circuit diagrams that include
only those elements that have current flowing through them for
(a) t < 0
(b) 0 < t < 2 s
(c) t > 2 s
R1
V1
SPST
t=0
+
_
R3
+
V2 _
SPDT
t=2s
R2
1
2 R
5
R4
t=0
R6
SPST
Solution:
(a) t < 0
R3
+
V2 _
R2
R4
R6
(b) 0 < t < 2 s

R1
V1
+
_
R3
R2
(c) t > 2 s
R1
V1
+
_
R3
R4
R5
c
Problem 1.42 The switch in the circuit of Fig. P1.42 closes at t = 0. Which
elements are in-series and which are in-parallel at (a) t < 0 and (b) t > 0?
R1
+
_
1
R2
2
R3
t=0
R5
R4
4
R6
Solution:
(a) At t < 0:
s and R1 are in-series
R5 and R6 are in-parallel with each other and with a short circuit
R2 is in-parallel with the series combination of s and R1
(b) At t > 0:
All of the above continues to be true, but in addition:
R3 and R4 are in-series and their combination is in-parallel with R2
c

Ulaby CH 1 Solutions

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Ulaby CH 1 Solutions

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Problem 1.

1 Use appropriate multiple and submultiple prefixes to express the

Problem 1.3 Convert:

Problem 1.4 Convert:

Problem 1.5 For the circuit in Fig. P1.5:

Figure P1.5: Circuit for Problem 1.5.

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.5(a).

Problem 1.6 For the circuit in Fig. P1.6:

Figure P1.6: Circuit for Problem 1.6.

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.6(a).

Problem 1.7 For the circuit in Fig. P1.7:

Figure P1.7: Circuit for Problem 1.7.

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.7(a).

Problem 1.8 For the circuit in Fig. P1.8:

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.8(a).

Problem 1.9 For the circuit in Fig. P1.9:

Figure P1.9: Circuit for Problem 1.9.

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.9(a).

Problem 1.10 For the circuit in Fig. P1.10:

Figure P1.10: Circuit for Problem 1.10.

Fig. P1.10 (a)

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.10(a).

Problem 1.11 For the circuit in Fig. P1.11:

Figure P1.11: Circuit for Problem 1.11.

(a) Nodes identified in Fig. P1.11(a).

Problem 1.12 The total charge contained in a certain region of space is 1 C. If

Q 3 1020 1.6 1019

Positively charged protons moving along z-direction constitute a current in the

Q 1.5 1020 1.6 1019

Total net current is:

0.36 dt = 0.36t|30 = 1.08

= (0.32 + 0.40) 109 = 80

4 sin 40 t cos 40 t dt 106

From Tables of Integrals,

eax cos bx dx = eax

(a cos bx + b sin bx)

Q(0, 0.05) = 12e3t

= 30(e310 1) 103 = 9 107

The cumulative charge in mC that entered a certain device is given

(a) Plot q(t) versus t from t = 0 to t = 60 s.

Problem 1.20 A steady flow resulted in 3 1015 electrons entering a device in

Q ne e 3 1015 1.6 1019

= [75 + 50(1 e0.6(t5) )]

Figure P1.23: q(t) for Problem 1.23.

Solution: Based on the slope of q(t):

Figure P1.25: q(t) for Problem 1.25.

The new voltages are:

p = i = 24 (5) = 120 W (supplier)

(b) W = 1.8 103 3600 = 6.48 (MJ).

(t) = 100(1 e0.2t ) V

p(t) dt = 3(e0.2t e0.4t ) dt

Figure P1.33: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem 1.33.

Figure P1.34: i(t) and (t) of the device in Problem 1.34.

p(t) = i = 5(10t) = 50t.

Taking the natural log of both sides gives

Solution: Conservation of power requires that

Problem 1.38 Determine Vy in the circuit of Fig. P1.38.

Figure P1.38: Circuit of Problem 1.38.

Figure P1.40: Circuit for Problem 1.40.

(b) 0 < t < 2 s

Figure P1.41: Circuit for Problem 1.41.

(b) 0 < t < 2 s

Figure P1.42: Circuit for Problem 1.42.