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Sap Afs PDF
Sap Afs PDF
SAP APPAREL
AND FOOTWEAR
(SAP AFS)
CONTENTS
SAP Apparel and Footwear (SAP AFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Characteristics of the Apparel and Footwear Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Globalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Product Life Cycles and Seasonality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressure on Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Increase in Customer Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple Distribution Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Key Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Style/Color/Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Style/Color/Size Master Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seasonal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Sales Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Availability Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit Limit Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Price Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Value-Added Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bulk Order Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Billing Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Billing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SAP AFS Logistics Information System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Logistics Information System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
mySAP Business Intelligence for the Apparel and Footwear Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mySAP Business Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Warehousing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reporting and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Warehouse Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Production and Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and Operations Planning (SOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Demand Planning with SAP APO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production Demand Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pre-sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Capacity Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel and Footwear Specifics in the Production Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined Orders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Product Controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Split Valuation with AFS Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Split Valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Valuation of SKUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grouping with Valuation Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Apparel and footwear companies today are increasingly assuming the role of coordinator for both internal and intercompany
processes as their core competencies shift away from production and steadily move toward planning, controlling, and
monitoring textiles in the value chain.
Multilevel division of labor and outsourcing have long been
common practice in this industry. In the past, companies
achieved their greatest cost-cutting potential by optimizing
their production processes. However, the production of clothing and shoes can only be automated to a certain degree, causing the savings potential by these means to quickly reach its
limit. The next step was to transfer production to low-wage
countries, which in turn meant sacrificing high quality and
transparency in the production process. Having production
sites spread out around the globe has made supervision and
monitoring of the production process more difficult, the
transport routes longer and more expensive, and meeting
confirmed delivery dates a perpetual challenge.
Globalization
Domestic as well as foreign company-owned and contract
manufacturing have brought an increase in international trading; as a result, business is now transacted in many different
countries with various cultures and currencies. This has given
rise to software solutions and information technology that
support enterprises in their ability to move goods and information expediently and reliably across any distance.
As manufacturing does not always take place in the same country as the final customer, additional requirements regarding customs and quotas are involved, and country of origin restrictions
may arise. Sourcing entails both internal and external considerations. It becomes necessary to track production in order to plan
or confirm exact product delivery dates and quantities.
The improvement in logistics capability and the increasing
demand for textile products in the less traditional apparel and
footwear consumer markets (such as China, the Far East, India,
and Eastern Europe) have led to a truly global marketplace. It is
critical for companies wanting to capture and service this
demand to be able to operate in all corners of the world. Companies can best profit from this potentially huge market if they
are able to transact business efficiently on an international
scale, internally as well as externally. They also have to manage
the vagaries of fluctuating exchange rates.
The increasing threat of cheap imports and tougher competition have forced companies to adopt a more flexible
approach to their manufacturing capabilities. This includes the
integration of global sourcing and contract manufacturing as
part of a comprehensive sourcing strategy. This strategy has to
support a variety of capabilities such as in-house production at
domestic or foreign sites, contract manufacturing at domestic
or foreign sites, or a combination thereof.
PURCHASE
ORDER
Vendor
Product
Price
Quantity
Delivery Date
etc.
Vendor Performance
Tooling Amortization
Production Complexity
Production Capacity
WHAT
WHERE
Shortest ETD
Lowest FOB Costs
Factory Status
WHICH QUALITY
VENDOR
10
VENDOR
Enterprise Demand
VENDOR
WHICH PRICE
VENDOR
OUTSOURCE
INTERNAL
PURCHASING
TYPE OF SHOE
Running
Basketball
STYLE
Style 4711
Style 4712
COLOR (WAY)
WHT/BLU/BLK
WHT/RED/BLK
WHT/RED/GRN
SIZE
W-8
R-8
N-8
W-9
R-9
N-9
...
...
...
11
Region: Australia
Season: Spring
Valid: October to January
12
Transfer
Vendor
Transfer
Manufacturing
Sophisticated
Planning and
Forecasting
Sophisticated
Order
Allocation
Shared
Information
Flexible
Manufacturing
Transfer
Distribution
Systems
Integration
Transfer
Retail Outlet
Consumer
Point of Sales,
Vendor-Managed
Inventory
Figure 4: Enabling Core Business Processes and Meeting Customer Service Requirements
Pressure on Costs
Increases in raw material and labor costs that go hand in hand
with retailers demanding high-quality, low-priced goods, speed,
and quality of service must be addressed as follows:
Raw material prices became an issue in the mid-1990s when
the price of cotton started to rise significantly, having been
on a downward trend at the beginning of the decade. Larger
apparel and footwear companies have the option of reducing
costs for raw materials by putting pressure on textile manufacturers due to the size of their orders. The smaller companies, however, have to compensate by reducing labor costs.
The highest labor costs are concentrated in assembly phases,
especially in the sewing room. Traditionally, apparel manufacturers focused on minimizing direct labor costs by implementing the bundle system. The increase in inventory costs
and risks has also made production throughput times more
important. If assembly cycle times are reduced, the inventory
level has to meet the immediate replenishment demand
decreases.
With consumers looking for bargains, retailers were not, in
the past, inclined to accept increased costs. Suppliers therefore had to explore other ways of maintaining margins. This
led them to reconsider their business activities, pursue more
cost-effective manufacturing, and develop innovative product ideas.
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CONSUMER
DECISIONS
Internet buying
CONSUMER
DEMAND
Shop-in-shop
Practices,
Policies, and
Procedures
Catalogue
Direct
Pricing
Conditions
Franchisees
DEMAND
PLANNING
Distribution
System
CUSTOMER
Telesales
CUSTOMER
DEMAND
Wholesale
Method of
Transportation
EDI
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KEY CAPABILITIES
SAP Apparel and Footwear is the best-of-breed e-business solution for the apparel and footwear industry. It not only addresses the logistical needs of apparel and footwear companies
worldwide (such as sales and distribution, materials management, and production planning and execution). It also seamlessly integrates financials, controlling, and all supply chain
elements to guarantee your management and staff up-to-date
information at the push of a button anywhere, anytime.
This document presents in detail the following key capabilities
specific to SAP AFS:
Style/color/size
Generic key capabilities
Order management and fulfillment
Sales order processing
Sales capabilities
Order scheduling and allocation
Shipping and transportation
Billing capabilities
SAP AFS Logistics Information System
Sourcing, inventories, and supplier Relations
Overview
Purchase rrequisition
Source allocation
Request for quotation, quotation, and purchase order
Multi-level contracts
Inventory management
Invoice verification
Special business processes
Warehouse management
Production planning
Production planning and control
Sales and operations planning
Production demand management
Material requirements planning (MRP)
Bill of materials (BOM) and routing
Capacity planning production orders and combined
orders
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Product controlling
Overview
Split valuation with AFS materials
Product costing of AFS products
Cost object controlling
Profitability analysis for AFS products
STYLE/COLOR/SIZE
Dimension 1: Color
Dimension 2: Waist
Dimension 3: Inseam
Figure 6: Style/Color/Size Master Data in Product Grid Format and Grid Processing
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Seasonal Processing
The apparel and footwear industry is a highly seasonal business
that calls for tight control over product sales and delivery availability. SAP AFS features a season function to define and control seasonal delivery periods and handle specific order periods
honoring season-related deadlines. This means you have full
control over customer orders, articles, and time frames within
order processing. Pricing can be carried-out depending on special events and seasons. For example, during an end-of-season
sale, you can decrease the price for an article depending on
how sales progress. Furthermore, you can define delivery programs for seasons, collections, and themes and assign the
delivery program a delivery date.
GENERIC KEY CAPABILITIES
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Payment
Sales Order
Processing
Inventory
Sourcing
Invoicing
Delivery
EDI
Electronic data interchange (EDI) plays a critical role in sales,
since business information must be transferred as quickly as
possible. EDI accelerates and integrates sales operations, ensuring that data transmitted electronically is immediately available
to SAP AFS users and applications. In particular, EDI translates
customer information into AFS system information, such as
dimensions, and can even trigger a workflow process. For
example, a workflow event could be automatically initiated for
a sales order on the basis of an invalid article number, credit
hold, or other user-defined criteria. An added benefit is that
work activities can be prompted by the system, should exception messages need to be processed, and users are otherwise free
to concentrate on their regular activities.
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Order 1
Telesales
Tele-Sales
Order 1
KEYED
Order 2
Order 3
EDI
EDI
Sales
Sales
Order 2
Internet
Internet
Sales
Sales
Order 3
AUTOMATIC
SPECIAL FEATURES:
Fast and user friendly
Customer product grids
No repetition of style numbers
Subtotals
Hierarchical overview
Copy quantities
Customer service reason codes
Order 4
Mobile
Mobile
Sales
Sales
Order 4
Order 5
Faxed
Faxed
Sales
Sales
Order 5
KEYED
SAP AFS
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SELECTION SCREEN
CHANGE SCREEN
Customer
Requested
delivery date
Material
Requested style
From:
1475
To:
1476
Execute
selection
1475
Order
543
556
610
851
Customer PO No
1000
47355
1131
4600
41899
3299
AB_12
CUSTOMER
ORDERS
Material
1475
1475
1475
1475
Execute change
Qty
10
18
12
50
Rq Dlv
12/06/00
15/06/00
15/06/00
20/06/00
UPDATE
REPORT
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Multi-Store Orders
To service key accounts with multiple outlets or stores using
the best possible method, SAP AFS features a new order type
known as the multi-store order. This method allows users to
accept orders for multiple locations but treat them as a single
logistical component. Many stores transmit articles, delivery
quantities, and dates for many stores simultaneously. Order
maintenance and allocation can be carried out either for each
individual store or the whole group of stores together. Delivery
can be made directly to the stores or a customer distribution
center. When delivery is made to a customer distribution center, articles can be labeled mark for onward delivery to a specific store to facilitate easy cross-docking for the distribution
center. The system proposes which stores delivery should be
made to on the basis of a predefined customer store hierarchy.
A critical marker indicates stores with high delivery priority,
due to store openings, fashion shows, or other reasons.
In stock shortage situations, the system can determine the
quantities to be distributed to the individual stores by means
of distribution rules. For instance, using equal distribution, the
system assigns an equal quantity of pieces to all stores, whereas
with the first-in, first-out (FIFO) logic, the system takes the
delivery priority into account and may disregard stores with a
low priority.
Mark For Feature
SAP AFS mark for information helps direct deliveries to particular points within a customer organization. This feature is
often used when a large retail chain requests an order to be
shipped to a distribution center and marked for a store or
department for cross-docking. Mark for information such as
department names and details can be automatically copied
into the sales orders as a new partner function. Customer-run
loading points information may also be copied from the customer master record.
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Rush Orders
SAP AFS is equipped to handle rush orders if stock needs to be
shipped immediately. Sales order entry, allocation, and delivery
creation are all carried out at the same time, so that the order
can be given to picking without delay.
Assortments and Prepacks
Assortments and prepacks can be defined using the SAP AFS
bill of material (BOM) structure. Assortments are a group of
finished goods, whose pricing and processing are done not as a
unit, but at the level of the individual components. For example, an assortment could be a golfing outfit consisting of ten
golf balls, a golf shirt, and golf pants. The assortment can consist of non-sized and sized products. Sizes for the finished
goods, if needed, are specified per item in the assortment during the order-taking process. The system may adjust the quantities for each component of the assortments in case of stock
shortage so that they are always based on complete combinations.
Prepacks are again logical combinations of finished goods;
however the pricing and processing of prepacks are performed
for the unit and not on the basis of their individual components. Prepacks have a single size associated with them. For
instance, a golfing outfit medium consists of ten golf balls,
golf shirt (medium), and golf pants (waist 32, length 33).
If you want to combine colors and sizes of one article, such as
shoes, in a particular quantity, you can use a quantity distribution profile instead of using an assortment or prepack. This
way, the system automatically inserts the respective quantities
for the grid values. Using a factor, you can also increase these
quantities accordingly. Once you have defined a quantity distribution profile, you can use it again for other products.
Availability Checking
The SAP AFS available-to-promise (ATP) check is an optional
feature to determine whether or not the quantities and delivery dates requested by a customer can be met. When an order
is entered, the check verifies whether sufficient stock is available to fulfill the order. If the order cannot be shipped right
away, the availability check determines in real time when sufficient stock will be available and proposes a delivery date for the
future. The system can be configured to perform a check based
on physically available stock or against planned receipts.
Replenishment lead times can also be taken into account.
The fill rate risplay enables order-taking staff to inform customers immediately of fill-rate options based on available
delivery dates and quantities. By drawing the customers attention to the order cancellation date if exceeded, staff can suggest
that orders be put back to achieve a better fill rate. A warning
or error is displayed if an order no longer falls within a given
season.
Material
Line %
Order %
Complete Complete
1475
1475
Jan. 01
Jan. 15
50
25
50
75
0
14
150%
175%
33%
50%
1475
Jan. 30
25
25
30
100%
67%
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Value-Added Services
Many retailers require services, usually done in the distribution
center, which change or improve the appearance of their goods
before accepting delivery. Such services (such as packing, ticketing, hanging, hemming, and so on) ensure that goods can be
put on display immediately upon arrival. A new value-added
service (VAS) database has been developed for SAP AFS, which
records these requirements and incorporates them for the
particular customer at the time of order entry or delivery.
Alternatively, such requirements can be entered manually. If
desired, these services can influence the sales price accordingly.
Bulk Order Processing
SAP AFS allows entry of a customers promise-to-buy.
The source of the promise-to-buy may be an internal ordergenerating system, such as a vendor-managed inventory, where
it is not immediately necessary to know the ship-to points or
delivery quantities. At a future date, the customer sends actual
orders and instructions with ship-to points and quantities.
These quantities are offset against promise to buy quantities.
It is therefore possible to compare the customers expected
take-up with the actual take-up at any stage in the order
process.
ORDER SCHEDULING AND ALLOCATION
Order Scheduling
Order scheduling is an optional process in which order lines
are automatically grouped or split into deliveries that suit the
customer and manufacturer. This guarantees optimal deliveries and the highest of customer satisfaction. It takes specific
customer and global business rules into account in order to
calculate optimal delivery schedules.
Order scheduling is parameter driven. Applicable rules and
the sequence in which they are applied can be customized.
The order scheduling architecture is designed to enable the
addition of new user and customer rules. A typical example
of order scheduling is: all order lines that are scheduled to be
shipped within a few days of each other are grouped on one
shipping date to make an efficient delivery.
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ARun Functions
SAP AFS
Optional Process
WMS Warehouse Management System
(external system)
GI
Goods Issue
Selection
Order
Scheduling
Order
Entry
ATP
Check
Backorders
Check
Grouping
Sorting
Allocation
Release
Allocation
Preview
Save
Order
Allocation
Run
Allocate
Rush
Order
Delivery
Changes/
Post GI
Delivery
Creation
Management
Tool
Invoice
WMS
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until the release rules are met, or you can use the Management Tool to de-allocate the stock for allocation to other
orders. By setting the allocation run to reject or report orders
that are close to or past the cancellation date, you further
enhance delivery acceptance.
The allocation run can operate on your orders in simulation
mode, and you can save the simulation results. Then, you can
examine the results to determine the optimum order allocation settings (such as customer allocation priority), thus maximizing customer satisfaction.
Allocation Preview
The allocation run can also run in preview mode with future
planned receipts instead of stock. Allocation preview determines which orders can be delivered and when, should the
Product
CUSTOMER
PARAMETERS
ORDER RELEASE
PRIORITY
PRIORITIZATION
CUSTOMER
SALES ORDER #
Customer Type
Partial Shipment
Price
Fill Percentage
Customer Order 5
Customer Order 3
Customer Order 2
Quality
Style/Color/Size
Core Sizes
Customer Order 1
Order/Delivery Dates
Customer Order 4
Improved Customer
Responsiveness
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CUSTOMER
DELIVERIES
PRODUCTION,
DETAILED
SCHEDULING,
PLANT LEVEL
FORECAST,
DISTRIBUTION
PLANNING,
PER MARKET
Delivery Creation
SAP AFS provides flexible options for creating delivery notes
(for example, by mode of transport, carrier, date, route, and so
on). This is the first step to trigger the actual picking of the
goods.
Shipping Capabilities
SAP AFS enhances shipping capabilities by integrating grid
value settings, as well as introducing and transmitting valueadded services (VAS) to a warehouse through standardized
interface.
Shipping and Transportation
Shipping and transportation management in SAP AFS tightly
integrates materials management and financial accounting.
Consequently, up-to-date shipping information is always available. The shipping module provides comprehensive support
for foreign trade processing, deadline monitoring of shipments
in process, and flexible delivery processing. Picking, packing,
loading, and flexible shipping output are also supported.
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BILLING CAPABILITIES
Billing Facilities
SAP AFS provides best-of-breed billing and pricing capabilities.
The material grid structure is reflected in the billing document
so that sizes and associated prices/taxes can also be displayed.
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ADMINISTRATOR WORKBENCH
ENTERPRISE PORTAL
BUSINESS EXPLORER
Scheduling
Monitoring
Third-Party
Tools
Administration
Web Reporting
and Publishing
Multidimensional
Analysis
ODBC
API
XML
SAP BW SERVER
OLAP PROCESSOR
Metadata Repository
METADATA MANAGER
Master Data
Interfaces
Feeding Services
Data Source
DATA MANAGER
STAGING ENGINE
BAPI
PSA
FILE
Extraction Engine
DB Connect
SAP Applications
SAP BW
ODS
XML
ETL Tools
Non-SAP Applications
File
Data Provider
transformation of data from multiple sources to support decision-making processes in the enterprise. The data warehouse
infrastructure serves both as a collector and provider of data
and information (for instance, by populating data marts and
the Operational data store (ODS)). mySAP BI comes with a
pre-configured, extendable metadata repository to ensure integrated, consistent, and accurate data. It provides users with a
better understanding of the information they are analyzing,
and enables the integration of different applications and tools
within an enterprise.
29
Business Content
mySAP BI is shipped with information models, and the entire
data flow in business content is pre-configured. The models
contain predefined templates for reports and analyses with
corresponding technical definitions, such as extraction and
transformation rules or data models such as InfoCubes,
queries, or Web applications.
CUSTOMER-SPECIFIC
BUSINESS CONTENT
INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC
BUSINESS CONTENT
(APPAREL AND FOOTWEAR-SPECIFIC CONTENT)
Controlling
Profitability accounting
Cost accounting
Overhead cost controlling
Profit-center accounting
Logistics
Sales and distribution
Purchasing
Inventory management
Warehouse management
Manufacturing
Human Resources
Personnel management
Time management
Payroll
SIZE
COLOR
QUALITY
COUNTRY
SALES VALUE
T-Shirt 4711
XL
BLK
1st
DE
10.00 USD
T-Shirt 4711
Red
1st
DE
15.00 USD
Shoes 0815
44
BLK
2nd
US
25.00 USD
Coat 666
56
BLK
DE
15.00 USD
...
...
...
...
...
...
EXTRACTION
SAP R/3
MATERIAL
GRID VALUE
CATEGORY
SALES VALUE
T-Shirt 4711
XL BLK
1st DE
10.00 USD
T-Shirt 4711
L Red
1st DE
15.00 USD
Shoes 0815
BLK 44
US narrow
25.00 USD
Coat 666
56 BLK
DE
15.00 USD
...
...
...
...
31
INFOCUBE
INFOCUBE
COLOR
SIZE
QUALITY
COUNTRY
BLK
3132
1st
EU
3132
1st
EU
ELEMENTARY
FIELDS
1st
EU
CHARACTERISTICS
TRANSFER STRUCTURE
BAPI
DATA
SOURCE
REPLICATION
DATA
SOURCE
TRANSFER STRUCTURE
BLK
LIS
MAPPING
BLK
31
32
BLK3132
COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE
SAP AFS
INFOOBJECTS FOR
ELEMENTARY
FIELD
Color
1stEU
Waist
Length
GRID VALUE
Quality
SKUs
Country
CATEGORY
32
Data retrieval and presentation: AFS queries, AFS workbooks, and AFS Roles
The predefined data models can be extended very easily without modification. The apparel and footwear-specific content
enables you to implement an information system out-of-thebox. You can also very easily perform ad hoc querying by using
drag-and-drop characteristics and key figures. Furthermore,
you can integrate the business content into mySAPTM Enterprise Portal for convenient user access anytime, anywhere.
PURCHASE REQUISITION
Procurement Cycle
SAP AFS covers industry-specific raw material and component
procurement processes, sourcing of finished products, inventory management, subcontracting, and invoice verification.
The SAP AFS procurement cycle is illustrated in the diagram
below.
The purchase requisition is a request to the purchasing department to procure a certain amount of materials or services by
a particular date. Purchase requisitions are created manually by
the department making the request, or generated automatically by material requirements planning (MRP). The processing of purchase requisitions has been extended to include
dimensions and categories. You can distribute the purchase
requisition quantity by percentage across dimensions. The
distribution can be based on historical data or definable standard distributions.
Using SAP AFS source allocation, you can find and assign the
most suitable vendors for a requested material to the purchase
requisition. Once a supply source has been assigned, the purchase requisition can be marked for request for quotation
(RFQ) processing.
SOURCE ALLOCATION
As a result of todays trend towards globalization, the importance of procurement has increased. A module for optimum
vendor selection has been developed for SAP AFS. This is an
optimized tool you can use to evaluate the most effective
channels for procurement. During a source allocation run,
1
Handling of
Payments
Determination of
Requirements
2
Determine Source
of Supply/
Source Allocation
Invoice
Verification
PROCUREMENT
6
3
Vendor
Selection
Goods
Receipt
4
5
Purchase Order
Monitoring
Order
Processing
VENDOR 1000
LEVEL 0
VENDORS
TOTAL CAPACITY
LEVEL 1
Tooling Capacity
Tooling Set A
50,000 hours
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
Model Capacity
Model A
50,000 hours
Material
70 white
1 pair = 5 hours
34
Total Capacity
Overload Capacity
Per Period
100,000 hours
10,000 hours
Total Capacity
Tooling Set B
80,000 hours
Model Capacity
Model B
20,000 hours
Material
80 black
1 pair = 2 hours
CAPACITY
BY PRODUCT
ELEMENTARY
FIELDS
TOTAL CAPACITY
Overload Capacity
Consumed Capacity
Consumption
Overload Capacity
PURCHASE ORDER
35
PRODUCTION PLANNING
VENDOR
PROCUREMENT OF
RAW MATERIAL
MANUFACTURING
DETAILED
PLANNING
ROUGH
PLANNING
Release
Order
LEVEL 3
Validity Period of
LEVEL 3
Contract
Material A-Size: 38 L
Quantity:
1,500 pieces
Validity Period: July 1st
August 1st
LEVEL 2
CREATION DATE
Validity Period of
LEVEL 2
Contract
Material A
Quantity:
7,000 pieces
Validity Period: July 1st
September 1st
LEVEL 1
Validity Period of
LEVEL 1
Contract
January
April
July
October
36
Inventory
When balancing stock accounts, a company must carry out
a physical inventory count of warehouse stock at least once
every fiscal year. Various procedures can be used. The SAP
system supports the following inventory procedures:
Periodic inventory
Continuous inventory
Cycle counting
Inventory sampling procedure
Stock
Transport
Order
RECEIVING PLANT A
ISSUING PLANT B
B
B
B
UNRESTRICTED
USE STOCK
Goods Receipt
STOCK IN
TRANSIT
B
A
C
UNRESTRICTED
USE STOCK
Goods Issue
37
The receiving production site posts a goods receipt with reference to the stock transport order. This reduces the stock in
transit and the open purchase order quantity. It is also possible
to post the goods receipt in the receiving production site as one
step. At the same time, the issuing production site posts a goods
issue so there is a no-stock-in-transit situation.
Even if the respective production sites belong to different
company codes, you can still create a stock transfer as follows:
Stock transfer from one production site to another using a
one- or two-step procedure
Stock transport order with or without a delivery note
38
PURCHASING
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
PURCHASING
PURCHASE
ORDER
Subcontract
Item
Components
STORAGE
LOCATION
STORAGE
LOCATION
PROVISION OF
COMPONENTS
GOODS RECEIPT
FOR FINISHED
MATERIAL
TRANSPORT
SUBCONTRACTING
VENDOR
INVOICE VERIFICATION
INVOICE
VERIFICATION
INVOICE
Production
Costs
COMPONENT
CONSUMPTION
SUBCONTRACTING
VENDOR PRODUCTION
SUBCONTRACTING
VENDOR
Sales Order
Allocation
Run
Procurement
Delivery
Picking and
Post Goods
Issue
Invoice and
Financial
Accounting
ATP
MRP
Create
Subcontract
Order
Monitor
Stock of
Material
Provision
of
Components
Post Goods
Receipt for
Purchase
Order
Invoice
Receipt for
Purchase
Order
39
40
MASTER DATA
Consignment
Info Record
PROCUREMENT PROCESS
Consignment
Stock Record
Vendor
Purchase
Order
Consignment
Item
Goods
Receipt
Invoice
Warehouse
Companys
Own Stock
Vendor Consignment
Stock
Available for MRP
Not valuated
Belongs to vendor
Goods
Issue
Production
Site
Put-away strategy/picking strategy: It is possible to determine strategies at the SKU level (style/color/size/categories),
by which the system establishes storage bins for stock to be
put away or picked. With SAP AFS, you can make the best
use of the available warehouse capacity and assign optimum
storage locations to the stock received. Similarly, SAP AFS
allocates the optimum picking location to picked stock.
Storage section determination: You can define in which
storage section each material or SKU should be stored. For
example, you might store common sizes in storage section 1,
and less frequent sizes in storage section 2.
General storage strategy: It is also possible to maintain
general storage strategies (bulk storage indicator, special
movement indicator, and 2-step picking) at the SKU level.
Palletization data: Palletization data is maintained at the
SKU level. Various quantities and pallet types can be maintained, depending on the SKU.
41
42
FORECAST/PLANNED
REQUIREMENTS
PURCHASE
PURCHASE
REQUISITION
REQUISITION
PURCHASE
PURCHASE
ORDER
ORDER
MRP
External
casts sales. The resulting independent requirements (in particular, requirements for finished products and trading goods)
trigger material requirements planning. Order quantities and
delivery dates must be determined and the respective procurement activities must be launched to ensure requirement coverage.
Ordering transactions or subcontracting are initiated for outsourced products. Appropriate vendors must be selected or
outline agreements made. Quantities resulting from production or outsourced procurement are put on stock and administered by inventory management.
The following diagram illustrates the logistical cycle between
sales and procurement. The system comprehensively plans,
monitors, and coordinates all functions.
SALES
Sales
ORDER
Order
Internal
CUSTOMER
REQUIREMENTS
PLANNED
PLANNED
ORDER/
ORDER/
Secondary
Secondary
Requirement
Requirement
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
ORDER
ORDER
PLANT
PRODUCTION
SITE
43
SOP builds on information structures a statistical file containing operational data. This can either be planned future
data or actual historical data, containing characteristics, key
figures and a time base. Information structures are used for
evaluation, projection, and analysis of data in all logistical
information systems.
SOP is especially useful for long-term and mid-term planning.
In the apparel and footwear industry, long-term and mid-term
planning are generally carried out at the product group and
style levels. You can save the underlying statistical historical
online in SAP BW as well as in the logistical information system
with each logistical transaction (for example, sales order, purchase order, and production order).
QUANTITY
Sales plan
Production plan
Capacity estimate
TIME
MAY
44
JUNE
JULY
With SAP AFS 3.0B you can execute demand planning in SAP
APO and then transfer the demand plan as planned independent requirements to demand management. Demand planning can thus be executed in two different ways:
At the material level without additional dimension values
(style/color/size).
At the material dimension level (style/color/size)
When the demand plan is transferred to demand management,
the planned independent requirements are created. In the event
that not all of the dimensions were considered in the first planning phase, the pre-sizing profile is then used to distribute the
planned independent requirements among all the material
characteristics.
45
You can calculate distribution profiles from statistical historical values stored in the logistical information system.
SAP AFS pre-sizing includes:
Manual determination of percentage distribution values per
size or period.
Calculation of percentage distribution values based on
historical data from the logistical information system.
Calculation of distribution profiles for new products with
no historical data based on the historical data of reference
products.
Aggregation and disaggregation of historical data that can be
used to calculate distribution curves (for example, historical
data per product group, per season, per a combination of a
number of seasons, or for individually selected reference
products).
Simulation option based on user-defined criteria.
GRID A
6 8 10 12 14
JACKET
(SAP AFS Material)
BLK
WHT
RED
MRP
FABRIC
(SAP AFS Material)
ZIPPER
(SAP AFS Material)
GRID B
GRID C
BUTTON
(Standard Material)
MRP
BLK
WHT
RED .
44 46 48 50
BLU
RED
GRN
46
47
SKU LEVEL
MATERIAL LEVEL
MRP PLANS
REQUIREMENTS AT
SKU LEVEL
MRP GROUPS
REQUIREMENTS
TOGETHER AT
MATERIAL LEVEL
SIZE-LEVEL HORIZON
Current
Date
30 Days
Parallel Processing
The total planning run time is improved considerably by using
parallel processing. It can run either on different servers or in
different server modes to further speed up processing.
SERVER 01
MRP
DISPATCHER
Planning
File Entry
Material 01
SERVER 02
DB SERVER
Material 02
DB Changes
SERVER 03
Material 03
48
PRODUCTION ORDER
Production orders determine which product or assembly is produced, as well as the work center, activity, delivery date, and
production costs. The production order also includes details of
the resources (personnel, materials, production resources and
tools, and so on) required to calculate the order cost.
You can use the production order to monitor the order status
for goods produced in-house. The order includes scheduling,
capacity planning, and status management. The order process
report has been enhanced by adding the operations. This
process enables you to monitor the individual production steps
within one single report. Cost accounting is carried out in the
same way for each production order.
When a production order is created, the following actions are
carried out:
Routing selection: Routing operations and sequence are
transferred to the production order.
BOM explosion: BOM items are transferred to the production order.
Reservations: Reservations are generated for BOM items
in stock.
Planned costs are established for the production order.
Capacity requirements are generated for the work centers.
Purchase requisitions are generated for non-stock components and externally processed operations.
Apparel and Footwear Specifics in the Production Process
The specific characteristics of the production process in the
apparel and footwear industry have prompted SAP to make
further developments for this step in the supply chain. For
example, production in bundles is typical in the apparel industry. In the footwear industry, shoes can be grouped according
to size, for instance, and shipped in large cartons. All specific
information contained in BOMs and routings reappears in
the production order. It is also possible to assign component
batches to a production order to control different shadings or
dye lots.
EXTERNAL
MARKER LIBRARY
BLK
Waist
Inseam 28 30 32 34
28
50 50
30
32
30
50 50
Marker 1: 32 x 30
32 x 32
34 x 32
50
50
50
Marker 2: 30 x 30
28 x 32
50
50
49
COMBINED ORDER
NUMBER 38
Production
Production
order
order
10023
10023
Routing
Routing11
10023
10024
Production
Production
order
order
10024
10023
Routing
Routing21
Cutting
Embroidery
Sewing
Sewing
Quality Check
Quality Check
50
PRODUCT CONTROLLING
OVERVIEW
Special structures are available in SAP AFS to illustrate products or materials and their industry-specific characteristics.
These special structures, known as grid values, dimensions,
and categories, facilitate the processing of logistical business
processes at the levels below the material master. At the same
time, these structures influence product controlling in SAP
R/3 and mySAP.com. Additional industry-specific capabilities
are available in the areas of product and material valuation,
product cost planning, cost object controlling, and profitability analysis to accommodate the characteristic levels listed
above. Nearly all other mySAP.com accounting components
are supported at the SKU level (financial accounting, overhead
costs controlling, and so on).
Split Valuation
Stock keeping units (grid values and categories) of a material
or product generally do not have the same purchase price or
production cost. Procurement costs, raw material expenditure,
and production costs can vary tremendously, making flexible
material valuation of stock keeping units essential.
Valuation of SKUs
SAP AFS takes valuation differences at product characteristic
level into account by managing SKUs separately. You can
assign a separate valuation price to each stock keeping unit,
which can either be a standard price or a moving average
price.
VALUATION
Jeans
Material:
Plant:
DIMENSIONS
0001
PRODUCT
COST
PLANNING
COST OBJECT
CONTROLLING
GRID VALUE:
30/30
GRID VALUE:
32/32
GRID VALUE:
33/33
CATEGORY:
BLUE/
STONEWASHED
CATEGORY:
BLUE/
STONEWASHED
CATEGORY:
BLUE/
STONEWASHED
CATEGORIES
Quality
51
Product Costing
In the apparel and footwear industry, material usage and production processes generally depend on information such as
sizes, colors, and so on to be produced. Consequently, manufacturing costs of the produced SKU can differ enormously.
With SAP AFS, it is possible to calculate the manufacturing
costs of a product at the level of the produced SKU.
Costing of Valuation Types
The stock valuation of products to be calculated is performed
in the same manner as for raw materials or trading goods (by
using split valuation for stock keeping units). You can create
separate costings for valuation types of a product and use these
Plant:
Material:
Grid
30/30
30/31
32/31
32/32
34/32
Jeans
Pref. SKU
Val. Typ
Small
Small
Large
Large
Large
52
COSTING
SMALL
$10
COSTING
LARGE
$12
Cost object controlling within mySAP.com facilitates the controlling of planned costs and actual costs with reference to cost
objects. Depending on the production scenario, the system
uses various objects for the collective cost.
Variance Determination
Following final delivery of an order, you can separately determine and settle the resulting costing variances (planned, target, actual) according to variance categories (scrap variance,
input variance, lot size variance, and so on).
Make-to-Stock Production
The production order is at the center of product controlling
during make-to-stock production. Cost object controlling for
production orders allows the target costs to be analyzed and
compared with the actual costs of a production order. Cost
object controlling in the system takes the entire controlling
TARGET COSTING
SETTLEMENT
GOODS ISSUE
Production
Production
Order
Order
GOODS
RECEIPT
P+L
CONFIRMED
OPERATIONS
process into consideration as well as target and actual characteristic-dependent material valuations and manufacturing
costs.
The target costs are the planned costs of the finished product
based on the lot size in the production order. However, the product costing planned costs are different they are based on a
(planned) costing lot size.
The actual costs arise from the actual consumption of
resources by the production order for example, component
withdrawal and material movements.
53
The main goal is to provide the areas of sales, marketing, product management, and corporate planning with information to
support internal accounting and decision making.
SAP AFS
North
Prod1
Snowboard
Cust1
Wholesale
Season
Valuation Type
Category
Grid Value
Wi2001
L
FD
164
Valuation Type
Se
as
on
Sales Region
Product
Product Group
Customer
Customer Group
Grid Value
CHARACTERISTICS
VALUE FIELDS
Revenue
Sales Deduction
Planned Freight Costs
Cost of Sales
980
100
150
550
PROFITABILITY
SEGMENT
Revenue
Revenue
Sales Deduction
Deduction
Sales
Cost of
of Goods
Goods Sold
Sold
Cost
54
55
FUTURE FOCUS
SAP has been helping its customers create value since 1972
profitability, return on investment, productivity, time-to-market, and customer satisfaction. And having fully embraced the
Internet with mySAP.com, SAP is in a unique position to forge
ahead of its competitors and take today's economy by the horns.
Not only will SAP provide the solutions its customers need to
increase their revenue and reduce costs but SAP will also in
our role as trusted advisor identify new business opportunities, specifically those suited to the needs and demands of the
wide world of e-business. This is due to the fact that the core
values personified by SAP productivity, customer satisfaction,
and bottom-line results are once again the top priorities for
businesses worldwide.
The SAP AFS strategic direction is mySAP.com. The mySAP.com
e-business platform is a family of solutions and services that
empowers customers, partners, and employees to collaborate
successfully anywhere, anytime. The latest release of SAP AFS
already offers the first mySAP.com scenarios (including SAP
Business Information Warehouse, collaboration with vendors
and contract manufacturers, Demand Planning with SAP APO,
mySAP CRM Interaction Center, and so on).
56
GLOSSARY
A
ARun
ATP
Allocation run
Available-to-promise
BAPI
BOM
Bundle
CAD
Category
CO
Company
Code
Delivery
Program
EAN
EDI
ETA
FOB
Free on board
Grid
57
Heart Grid
Value
(heart size)
InfoCube
InfoSource
LIS
58
Marker
ODS
OLAP
Plant
PP
UPC
V
VAS
R
RFQ
Value-added-services.
Services that improve the appearance, attractiveness and processing of a product, for example,
packing, ticketing and special service.
WM
Warehouse Management
Seasons/
In the apparel and footwear industry, several
Collections/ materials that share certain traits such as color
Themes
or texture can be combined to form a theme.
Themes can be part of a collection, which in
turn can belong to a season. The combination
of the theme, collection, and season forms a
delivery program. You can define dates for the
delivery period for this delivery program.
SD
Sales and Distribution
SKU
Stock keeping unit
The most detailed schedule line of an AFS product with its grid value (for example 38/yellow)
and category values (for example quality A/
country of origin D).
SKU
Period in which the AFS MRP carries out planLevel
ning at SKU level. Requirements outside of the
Horizon
SKU horizon are planned only at material level.
Planning at material level and at SKU level in the
SKU horizon is carried out separately. That
means that requirements at material level cannot
be satisfied by procurement at SKU level.
SOP
Sales and Operations Planning
59
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