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    18 views99 pages

    Mang Lan So y Te Va Benh Vien Da Khoa Yen Bai PDF

    Uploaded by

    Lê Phô

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 99
    DNS FTP GAN HTTP ICMP IGMP Iso LAN MAC MAN NIC ost OsPF RIP SMTP ‘TCPAP. UDP UTP WAN GRE MPLS IPSEC IKE DES AES ESP AH Pre-Share DH SEAL HMAC MDs SHA ISAKMP CAC TU VIET TAT TRONG BO AN - Domain Name System - File Transfer Protocol - Global Area Network - Hypertext Transfer Protocol = Intemet Control Message Protocol - Internet Group Messages Protocol = Intemational Standard Oranization - Local Area Network - Media Access Control - Metropolitan Area Network - Network Information Center - Open Systems Interconnect - Open Shortest Path First - Routing Information Protocol - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol = Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol - User Datagram Protocol - Unshield Twisted Pair - Wide Area Network - Generic Routing Encapsulation - MultiProtocol Label Switching IP Security = Intemet Key Exchange - Data Fnerytion Standard - Advanced Enerytion Standard - Eneapsulating Security Payload - Authentication Header = Pre share keys - Deffie-Hellman - Software-Optimized Encryption Algorithm - Hashed Message Authentication Codes - Message Digest 5 = Secure Hash Algorithm - Intemet Security Association and Key Management Protocol, MUC LUC LOINOIDAU... CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN VE MANG MAY TINH. 1.1 KHAI NIEM MANG MAY TINEL 1.2: PHAN LOAI MANG MAY TINH 1.2.1- Phin Jogi theo pham vi dia I .2.2- Phin Toai theo topo. 1.2.3- Phan Joai theo ehite nin. : CHUONG 2: MO HINH OSI VA BO GIAO THUC TCPIEP.... 2.1- MO HINH OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) 2.1.1 Mue dich va ¥ nghia cia m6 hinh OST .1.2+ Cac chitc nang chit yéu cla céc ting trong mé hinh OSI. 2.2- BO GIAO THUC TCP/IP. 2.2.1- Tong quan vé b9 giao thire TCP/IP: 2.2.2- So sinh mé hhinh TCP/IP vei mé hinh OSI Mot s6 giao thie trong bp aio thie TCPAP.. CHUONG 3: MANG LAN VA THIET KE MANG LAN 3.1- KHAINIEM LAN CO BAN 3.1.1- Cée thiét bj ndi chinh cia LAN, 3.1.2- Giti phip kétnbi 3.1.3- HG thing cap ding cho LAN. 3.2. THIET KE MANG LAN... 3.2.1. Mé hin phi cdp (Hfierarchical models) 3.2.3- Cac burde thiét ké. 3.2.4- Xy dung mang LAN quy m6 mOt roa HUONG 4; KHAO SAT HIEN TRANG - THIET KE KY THUAT.... 1 KHAO SAT, XAY DUNG MANG LAN SG Y TE TINH YEN BAI 4.1.1 KHAO SAT HE THONG MANG LAN... 4.1.L.1- Gidi thigu so luge vé don vi 4.1.1.2- Hign trang tru si kam vige. 4,1,1.3- Hign trang CNT eta So y té 4.1.1.4- Yeu clu cita hg théng mang LAN .. 4,1.2- GIAI PHAP THIET KE VA XAY DUNG HE THONG 4.1.2.1- Céu tne (Topology) ciia mang LAN... 4.1.22» Gi php ke ai 41.3-THIET KE KY THUAT. 4.1.3.1 HE théng mang 4.1.32+ HE théng may chi 4.1.33- HE théng may tram 4.1.34. HE théng an toin ~ an nin thong tn, 4.1.3.5- HE thing fou dign (UPS), 4.1.36- HE thing ching sét 4.1.37- Phong chéng chy n. 4.1.3.8 Dur toankinh phi thy hi 4.1.4- BAN VE SO DO THIET KE MANG ( Co bain vé chi tiét kem theo), 4.14le Sordd két nbi mang LAN: : 4.1.42- So dd mat bing tng thé tr ssa ¥ 1 4.1.43- So dd tong thé mang LAN xy dum 4.1.44. So-d6 mating chi td. : 2. KHAO SAT, XAY DUNG MANG LAN BENH VIEN DA KHOA... 4.2.1. KHAO SAT HE THONG MANG LAN... 4.2.1.1. Gidi thigu vé Bénh vign da khoa tinh Yén Bai 4.2.1.2+ Hign trang tru si kim vige 4.2.13 Hign tang CNTT. 4.2.14- Yeu ob tht ké he théng mang. 4.22- GIAI PHAP THIET KE VA XAY DUNG HE THONG: 4.2.2.1- Cu trie (Topology) cia mang LAN 4.2.2.2. Giai php két nb 42.3- THIET KE KY THUAT 4.2.3.1- HG chiding mang. 4.2.3.2+ HG théng méy chi 4.2.3.3- Hg thong may (AM so 4.2.34 HG thing Firewall 4.2.3.5- Hi thong lum dign (UPS)... 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 a 43 43 43 4s 50 92 4.2.36- HE thing ching sé. 4.2.3.7- Phang chéng chy né. 4.2.38- Dy toan kinh phi thye hign 4.2.4- BAN VE - SO DO THIET KE MANG (Cé ban vé chi tiét kém theo) 4.2.4.1- So dé thiét ké LAN, 4.2.4.2- So db mat bing tng thé. 4.2.4.3- So dé tong thé mang LAN xay dung. 4.2.4.4- So dé thiét ké chi tiét 3. KET NOI MANG LAN SO Y TE VA MANG LAN BENH VIEN DA KHOA TINH YEN BAI... oe 43.1- MUC DICH - YEU CAU 43.2: LY'A CHON GIAI PHAP 43.3. MOTA GIAI PHAP. 4.3.3.1- VPN la gi?...... 4.3.32+ Loi ich cia VPN.. 4.3.33- Cie giao thie VPN lep 3. 43.34- Pin loa mang VPN... 4.3.35. Tong quan v GRE ( Generie routing encapsulation. 4.3.36- Gito thie IPSEC. 4.3.3.7+ Mode lim vige 08 VPN oss 43.4 THYC HIEN CAU HINH TREN ROUTER 43.5- KET QUA DAT DUOC 4.3.5.1+ Két qu ping tr my 192.168.1.10 dén may 192.168.2.10 4.3.5.2+ Két qu ping tr my 192,168,210 dén may 192.168.1.10 (CHUONG 5: KET LUAN. 5.1- THUAN LOL 5.2- KHO KHAN....... vs tea ance 5.3- NHUNG MAT DAT BUGQC VA CHUA DAT DUGC....... 5.4- HUONG PHAT TRIEN CUA BO AN TALLIEU THAM KHAO. 6 o o or or 68 Co) 70 88 85 85 85 45 85 86 86 88 89 2 B 96 96 96 ” 7 7 97 98 99 LOTNOI DAU Nhiing nm gan day céng nghé thong tin (CNTT) da va dang duge ing dung vao rét nhiéu nganh nghé, rat nhiu finh vue khéc nhau gép phan to lén vio vige thie ddy sy phét trién va ting trudng kinh 18 cho dét nude. CNTT 4a tie dong va lam ting ning sudit, higu qua cua hoat dong quin ly, sin xudt va kink doanh. Trong nganh y té, CNTT cing da duoc img dung vao rit nhiéu inh vye nhu: Khim chuin doin bénh, ede phuong tign thiét bi may moe déu ting dung NTT, ede phyong phép digu trj hign dai, quan ly chuyén nginh, thong tin dé hop tic véi cdc nginh khae va hop tie quéc té,... Két qua cia nhiing img dung 46 da tgo nén nhang bién déi rat lon ea vé chit va lugng nhéy ding dung cong nghé va ky thudt tin hoe, qua dé da cho thay moi théng tin déu 66 thé duge mo héa dé dua vao phan tich, xir ly, lu tri va ting dung mét cach ¢6 higu qua. Céng tac quan ly lun dit ra nhiing yéu cau ep bach 4éi véi nhimg ngudi tham aia hoat dOng trong Tinh vue nay 6 nhu edu trao ddi thong tin va yéu clu d6i véi hé théng théng tin phai lun ludn thay déi ca vé 16 chite, con ngwdi, tr duy va phuong tign k¥ thudt dé dap ing kip thai céng tac lanh dao quan ly Voi yéu cu ngay cang ting ca vé khdi long va chit long cia thong tin nnén ede k thuat thu thdp, Iu trt, xir IY, phan tich thong tin bing ede phuromg phap, phwong tign trude diy rat cin duge hign dai hoa din timg bude dé tgp thém va ting cudng cho kha nang cung cp théng tin va truyén tin nhanh chéng, kip thai dam bio chit lugng, khéi Iugmg dap ing cho edng tie t6 chive, quin IY digu hanh 6 higu qua hon. ‘han thay tam quan trong va Igi ich cia vige hign dai héa hé théng thang tin y 16 va higu qua cia vige mg dung cong nghé thong tin vo cOng tae quan IY, digu hanh hoat dong ciia nganh y té, BO y 16 cing da e6 nhing dinh huéng co ban: Té chite xdy dyng mang lui truyén tin, théng ké va tin hoc nganh y té tir trung vong dén eo sé. Din din théng nhat va chudin héa hé théng thong tin, he théng chi sé théng ké y té co ban, hé thing phin mém img dung. Huéng dan chi dao phat trién hé thong théng ké tin hoc, hign dai héa dan timg bude, t6 chic ung cép théng tn tign ti xir quan Iy va diu hinh trén mang cho eéc tinh So Y té va Bénh vign Da khoa tinh Yén Bai dang xay dung va nang c: thong mang LAN ngi bé tnrde day da ci, hign thoi da d5 bd. Dé dam bao yeu cu img dung CNTT ciia nganh rit cdn thiét phai xy dymg mét hé théng mang LAN méi dam bao tinh hign dai, higu qua va mang tinh léu dai phye vy dic Ive cée host dong quan ly, diéu hinh cho hign tai va tuomg lai ‘Trung tim Céng nghé théng tin va truyén théng la don vj trye ti cutu, khao sit, thiét ké va xdy dumg mang LAN cia Si Y té va Bénh hoa tinh déng thoi dura ra gi quan ly, trao d6i dit ligu phue vu cing tée chuyén mén eiia nginh Y té, Trong nghién phap két néi 2 LAN nay dé thuan tign cho vige thai thye hign &B én, dus su chi bio cia thy gido LA Vin Chung ci 1g Voi su phan cong ciia lanh dao co quan, em da chon dé tai “Thiér ké he thong mang kér an Ba khoa tink yén Be 80 ¥ té va Bénh ” dé lam do an t6t nghigp cua minh, [Noi dung dd dn cia em duge trinh bay v6i bé eye nhu sau: ~ Churong 1 Téng quan vé mang méy tinh = Chneomg 2+ Mé kink OSI vis b6 giao thite TCPAP - Churong 3 Mang LAN va thiét ké mang LAN - Chuong 4: Khao sét hién trang - thiét ké kp thudt = Chuomg $+ Két budin ‘Voi kha nang va kién thire cdn han ché, bao céo cia em s® khdng trénh khoi nhing thigu s6t, em mong nh§n duge sy gop ¥ cia cdc thay ¢6 va dong nghiép. Em xin tran trong cim on! Sinh vin thye hign dé tai ‘Tran Binh An CHUONG 1; TONG QUAN VE MANG MAY TINH - KHATNIEM MANG MAY TINH, N6i m6t céch co ban, mang méy tinh lé hai hay nhiéu may tinh duge két ndi v6i nhau theo mot each no 46. Khiée véi ede tram truyén hinh giri thong tin di, cde mang may tinh ludn hai chigu, sao cho khi may tinh A giti thong tin 161 may tinh B thi B e6 thé tra Idi lai A. N6i mét cach khéc, mét sé may tinh duge két ndi véi nhau va cé thé trao di thong tin cho nhau goi la mang may tinh ae ae ae Hinh I: Mé hinls mang can ban Mang méy tinh ra déi xudt phat tir nhu cdu mudn chia sé va ding chung. dif ligu. Khdng 6 hé théng mang thi dit ligu trén cdc may tinh de lap mudn chia sé vii nhau phai thong qua vige in dn hay sao chép trén USB, CD Rom...digu nay gay nhiéu bat tién cho ngudi ding. ‘Tir cde may tinh riéng ré, déc lap voi nhau, néu ta két ndi ching Iai thinh ‘mang my tinh thi ching e6 thém nhing wu diém sau: = Nhidu ngubi c6 thé ding chung mot pha mém tign ich - Mét nhém ngudi cig thye hign mot dé an néu noi mang ho sé ding chung di ligu cia dé dn, ding chung tép tin chinh (master file ) cia d@ dm, ho tra0 i thong tin vi nhaw d& dang ~ Dir ligu duvge quan ly tép trung nén an ton hon, trao déi gitta nhimg ngui sir dung thudn loi hon, nhanh chéng hon. = C6 thé ding chung eée thiét bi ngoai vi hiém, dit tién (may in, may We... ~ Nguoi sit dung trao doi voi nhau thu tin dé ding (Email ) va ¢6 thé sir dung mang nhu la mgt cng cy dé phé bign tn tite, thong bio vé mét chinh sich réi, vé-ndi dung busi hop, vé ede thing tn kinh té khée nhur gid cd hj trrome, tin rao vat (mudn ban hogc muén mua mot cai gi d6), hod sip xép thoi khoa bigu ciia minh chen ln véi thai khos bigu ciia cdc ngudi khic ~ Mang may tinh cho phép ngudi lp trinh 6 mot trung tam may tinh nay 6 thé sir dung cée chuong trinh tign ich cua cdc trung tam may tinh khée edn ri, sé Lim ting higu qua kinh té cia hé théng. = Rét an ton cho df ligu va phin mém vi phin mém mang s€ khod ede tp (files) khi ¢6 nhimg nguoi khong dit quyén truy xudt cde tép tin va thu muc do, 1.2. PHAN LOAI MANG MAY TINH. 1.2.1- Phin logi theo pham vi dja I ‘Mang may tinh ¢6 thé phan bé trén mot viing Tinh thé nhat dinh va c6 thé phan ba trong pham vi mot quée gia hay quéc té Dua vio pham vi phan bé ciia mang nguii ta c6 thé phan ra céc loai mang abu sau: * Mang cuc bd LAN ( Local Area Network ): li mang duge lip dat trong pham vi hep, khodng céch gitta cdc nit mang nhé hon 10 Km. Két néi duge thye hign thong qua cde mi trrdng truyén thong tée 9 cao vi du cap déng true thay cép quang. LAN thuding duge sir dung trong noi b9 eo quan, xi nghigp... Céc LAN c@ thé duge két néi voi nhau thanh WAN * Mang d6 thi MAN ( Metropolitan Area Network): La mang duge cai dat trong pham vi mot 46 th} hoe mot trung tam kinh 18 - xa hoi e6 ban kinh khong 100 Km tré lai, Cée két néi ny durge thre hign théng qua cée méi trrong truyén thang t5c 46 cao (50-100 Mbitis ...) * Mang dign rong WAN ( Wide Area Network ): Pham vi cia mang e6 thé ‘vugt qua bién gidi qudc gia va thm chi cd chdu Iue. Thong thudng két néi ndy duge thye hign théng qua mang vién thing. Cac WAN cé thé duge két ndi voi hau think GAN hay ty né da 1a GAN. * Mang toan ciu GAN (Global Area Network ): La mang durge thiét lip tren pham vi trai rong khap cae chau Ive trén trai dat. Thong thuong két ndi théng qua mang vign thong va vé tin Trong cde khdi nigm trén, WAN va LAN Ia hai khdi nigm duge str dung nhigu nhat. 1.2.2- Phan logi theo topo Topology cita mang la céu trie hinh hoc khong gian, ma thye chit Ta eéch bé tri phn tir cua mang cing nhw céch néi giita ching véi nhau. Thong thong mang cé ba dang cu tric la: Mang dang hinh sao (Star topology), mang dang vong (Ring Topology) va mang dang tuyén (Linear Bus Topology). Ngoai ba dang cdu hinh ké trén con e6 mot s6 dang khée bién thé tba dang nay nhur mang dang céy, mang dang hinh sao - ving, mang hinh hdn hop. 1.2.2.1- Mang hinh sao (Star topology). Mang hinh sao bao gdm mot 66 két néi trung tam va ede mit, Cée mit nay la bi khée ctia mang. BO két néi trung tam ciia mang diéu phdi moi hoat dng trong mang ( hinh 1-2). Un diém: - Thiét lap mang don gidn, dé dang cdu hinh lai mang, dé dang kiém soat khde phuc sur cé, tin dung t6i da tbe do durdng truyén vat ly. Ninege diém: = DO dai duong truyén ndi mot tram voi thiét bi trung tim bi han ché (trong vong 100m, voi eng nghé hign nay). Hinh 2.1: Cau tric mang sao 1.2.2.2- Mang dang vong (Ring topology) ‘Mang dang nay bé tri theo dang xoay vong, dudng day cap duge thiét ké lim thinh mt vang trdn khép kin, tin higu chay quanh theo mot vang nao dé. Cée nt truyén tin higu cho nhau mdi thoi diém chi duge mot mit ma thoi, Dir ligu truyén di phai co kém theo dja chi cy thé cia mdi tram tiép nhan, Un diém: — Meng dang vong e6 thusn lpi of thé mé rong ra xa, ting dung day cn thidt it hon so véi hai kiéu trén. = M@i tram e6 thé dat duge te 49 t6i da khi truy nhap, Nhuge diém: Dung day phai khép kin, néu bj ngit 6 mot noi nao dé thi toan bg hé théng cing bi ngimg ] =) Hinh 2.2- Cé artic mang vong 1.2.2.3- Mang dang Bus (Bus topology) Thye hign theo ech bé tri ngang hang, cée my tinh va ede thiét bi khéc. Cée mit déu duge néi vé voi nhau trén mot truc dirong day cp chinh dé chuyén tai tin higu. Tt ca cde mit déu sir dung chung dung day cap chinh nay. G hai diu day cap duge bit bai mot thiét bi goi li terminator. Cac tin higu vi dit ligu khi truyén di déu mang theo dia chi nai dén, Loni edu trie mang ndy ding dy fp ft nt = Lip dat don Nuc did « «= Siriim te giao théng khi di chuyn di igu vi hu frgng, kom than ré. - Khi e6 sir 66, hong hée 6 doan nao dé thi rét kh6 phat hign, 161 én duromg day cng lam cho toan b@ hé théng nging hoat dong. Ciu tric nay ngiy nay it duge sit dung. 1.2.2.4- Mang dang két hop La mang két hyp dang sao va tuyén (star/bus topology): Cau hinh mang. dang nay c6 bd phan tach tin higu (spitter) gitr vai trd thiét bj trang tam, hé théng day cép mang c6 thé chon hoge Ring Topology ho%e Linear Bus Topology, Uu diém cia cu hinh nay 14 mang ¢6 thé gm nhiéu nhém lam vige 6 cach xa nhau, ARCNET 1a mang dang két hgp Star/Bus Topology. Cau hinh dang nay dua Iai sy uyén chuyén trong vige bé tri duémg day twong thich d8 dang déi voi bat tod nha nao. Két hop céu hinh sao va ving (Star/Ring Topology). Céu hinh dang két hop Star/Ring Topology, c6 mot thé bai lién lac doe chuyén vong quanh mot bd tap trung, 12. 12. Phan loai theo chite ning. I- Mang theo ma hinh Client- Server. ‘M6t hay mot sé may tinh duge thiét lp dé cung cap cdc dich vy nhu file server, mail server, web server, printer server....Cae may tinh duge thiét lip dé cung cap cae dich vy duge goi li server, con cée may tinh truy cap va sir dung dich vu thi duge goi la Client, Ui didm: Do ca dit ligu duge lu trit tap trung nén dé bao mat, backup vi dong bé ‘v6i nhau. Tai nguyén va dich wu duge tap trung nén dé chia sé va quan IY, e6 thé phyc vu cho nhigu ngudi ding Ninege dim: Cae server chuyén dung rit dat tién, phai cé nhan vién quan tri cho hé thing. 1.2: 2- Mang ngang hang (Peer- t0- Peer) ng Anh: peer-to-peer network), li mét mang may Mang ngang hing ( tinh trong dé hoat ding cia mang chi yéu dya vio kha ning tinh toan va bing thong ciia cée may tham gia chi khong tp trung vao mot sé may chal trung tim nhw ede mang thong throng, Phin logi mang ngang hang: ‘Mang ngang hang thudn tuy: - Cée may tram c6 vai tr vira la chit vira la may khéch, ~ Khéng e6 may chi trung tim quan ly mang. = Khong 06 may dinh tuyén (b6 dinh tuyén) trung tim, cée may tram oS kha nang ty dinh tuyén. Mang ding ding: = C6 mot may chii trung tim ding dé hu tit théng tin eiia eae may tram va trd Ii ede thong tin truy van nay. - Cée may tram c6 vai tr hu tr thong tin, thi nguyén durve chia sé, cung, céip cae thang tin vé chia sé ti nguyén cia nd cho may chit - Sir dung cde tram dinh tuyén dé xéc dinh dia chi IP ca cde may tram, CHUONG 2: MO HiNH OSI VA BQ GIAO THUC TCP/IP 2.1- MO HINH OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) G thoi ky dau cia ng nghé di mang, vige git va nh dt liga qua mang thnmg gay nhém lin, do 46 ede céng ty lén nhu IBM, HoneyWell va Digital Equipment Corporation ty dé ra tiéu chudin rigng cho hoat dong két ni may tink Nam 1984 16 chite tigu chudn hoa Quée té ~ ISO (Intemational Standard Oranization) chinh thite dira ra m6 hinh OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) li tap hop cae dic diém kj thugt mé ta kién tric mang dinh cho vige két ndi cde thiét bj khong cing ching loai. Mé hinh OSI duge chia thanh 7 tang, mdi ting bao gom céc hoat dong thiét bi va gia thie mang khée nha Hinh 2.1- M6 hinh 7 lop OST 2 ‘Mue dich va ¥ nghia ciia mé hinh OST M6 hinh OSI (Open System Interconnection): li m6 hinh tuong tie két ndi hing hé thang mé, 1a ma hinh duge 16 chite ISO duge dé xuat nim 1977 va ‘ong b6 nam 1984, Bé cie may tinh va ce thiét bi mang e6 thé muyén thong véi nhau phai e6 nhimg quy tie giao tigp duoe ede bén chip nhin, M6 hinh OSI la mot khudn miu giip ching ta hiéu durgc e4c chite nding mang din ra tai méi lop, Trong m6 hinh OSI c6 bay lép, mdi lép m6 ta mot phan chire nang doe lap, Sy tach rai eta mé hit h nay mang lai loi fch sau: = Chia hoat dng théng tin mang thanh nhiing phan nho hon, don gian hon sgitip chiing ta d8 khdo sit va tim higu hon, - Chuan hod cae thanh phan mang dé cho phép phat trién mang tir nhiéu nha cung ep san phim. = Ngin chin duge tinh trang sy thay dai cia mét lop lam anh huéng dén cic lop Khe, nhur vay gitip mdi Ip e6 thé phat trign de Lip va nhanh chéng horn. - Mé hinh tham chiéu OSI dinh nghia cdc quy tie cho cde ndi dung sau: * Cach thite céc thiét bj giao tiép va chuyén théng durge véi nhau. * Cée phurong php dé cdc thiét bj trén mang khi nao thi duge truyén dit ligu, khi nao thi khong doe. * Cae phuong phap dé dam bao truyén diing bén nh§n, * Céich thie vin ta, truygn, sip xép va két n6i véi naw. * Cach thire dim bio cde thiét bi mang duy tri téc 46 truyén dit ligu thich hop. * Céch bigu dign mét bit thigt bj truyén dan, ~ M6 hinh tham chigu OSI duge chia thinh 7 lép véi ede chute nang sau: * Application Layer (l6p img dung): giao dign gitta img dung va mang, * Presentation Layer (lip trinh bay): thod thudn khudn dang trao d6i dit lieu. * Session Layer (I6p phién): cho phép nau dig thiét lap ede két ndi * Transport Layer (lop van chuyén ); dim bao truyén thong gitta hai hé théng. * Network Layer (lép mang): dinh hudng dat ligu truyén trong moi truong, lign mang. * Data ink Layer (lap ligm ket di ligu): xe dinh tray xuat dén efi thi bi. * Physical Layer (lop vat ly): chuyén d6i dar ligu thanh cde bit va truyén di 2.1.2- Cée chive ning chit yéu cia cc tng trong mé hinh O: * Ting tong dung (Application Layer): ~ La ting cao nhat cia mo hinh OSI, né xée dinh giao dign gita cée chuong trinh img dung cia nguai ding vi mang. Gidi quyét cde ky thuat ma cée churong tinh img dung ding dé giao tip v6i mang. Ting img dung xir If uy cp mang chung, kiém soat lung va phe hdi 161. Tang nay khong cung ep dich ‘vu cho tang nao ma né cung cap dich vu cho cae img dung nhw: truyén file, gtti han mail, Telnet, HTTP, FTP, SMTP. * Tang tinh bay (Presentation Layer) ~ Lop nay chiu tréch nhigm thuong Itong va xc lap dang thite dir ligu duge trao déi né dam bao théng tin ma lop img dung ciia hé thing dau cudi giti i, ldp ting dung eta mt he thing khée e6 thé doc duye. Lop trinh bay thong dich gitta nhigu dang dir ligu khde nhau thong qua mot dang chung, déng thoi n6 cling nén va gidi nén dit ligu . Thir ty bit, bit bén gii va bén nhan quy wée quy téc giti nhn mot chudi bit va bit tir trai qua phai hay tir phai qua trai néu hai bén Khéng théng nhat thi s® o6 sy chuyén déi thir ty cde bit, bit vio trrde hode sau khi truyén, Lép trinh bay ciing quan lycée ep 46 nén dit ligu kam giam s6 bit cdn truyén. - Trong giao tiép gitta cdc (mg dung thong qua mang véi cing mot di Liu, c6 thé c6 nhiéu eéch biéu dién khée nhau, Thong thuimg dang bigu din ding boi img dung ngudn va dang biéu dign ding bai img dung dich c6 thé khde nhau do ce tng dung duge chay trén cée hé théng hodn todn Khe nhau. * Tang phién (Session Layer) - Lop nay 6 tée dung thiét lap quan ly va két thic cdc phién thong tin gitta hai thiét bj truyén nhgn, No dat tén nhat quan cho moi thanh phan mudn 46i thogi nhau va lip anh xa gitta ‘a ching, Lop phién cung ¢: cae dich vu cho l6p trinh bay, cung ep sy dng bd hod gilta cée tée vu ngwoi ding bing cach dit nhimg diém kiém tra vao ludng dit ligu. Bang céch nay néu mang khdng hoat dng thi chi cé dit ligu truyén sau diém kiém tra cudi cing moi phai truyén lai, Lop nay ciing thi hanh kiém soat hdi thoai gitta cdc qué trinh giao tigp, diéu chinh bén nao truyén, khi nao, trong bao lau. - Trong truing hyp mang la hai chiéu ludn phién thi ndy sinh vin dé hai ngudi sit dung lun phién phai lan lurgt dé trayén dit ligu. 6 mét thai digm chi c6 m6t ngudi sir dung, quyén dic bigt duge goi cic dich vy nhat dinh cua ting phign, Vige phan bé ting nay thong qua vige trao ddi thé bai * Tang vin chuyén (Transport Layer): ‘Ting vn chuyén cung cip cae ehite nang cin thiét gita ting mang va cae ting trén, né phan doan dit ligu tir hé théng may truyén va tai thiét dit ligu vio ‘mt ludng dit ligu tai he théng may nhgn dim bao ring vige ban giao cée thong digp gitta cdc thiét bi dang tin cay. Tang nay thiét lap duy tri va két thie cée mach do dim bao cung cap cdc dich vu sau: ~ Xép thir ty cde phin doan: Khi mét théng digp ldn duge téch thanh nhieu phan doan nhé dé ban giao, ting vén chuyén sé slip xép thir tu trude khi gidp ndi cae phan doan thanh thong digp ban dau, = Kiém sodt 16i: Khi c6é phan dogn bj that bai, sai hoc tring lp, tang van. chuyén sé yéu edu truyén Ia ~ Kiém soat luéng: Ting van chuyén ding eae tin higu bdo nhan dé xée hn, Bén giri sé khéng truyén di phan doan dir ligu ké tigp, néu bén nhén chia ati tin higu xsie nhgn ring. d& nbgin duge phan dogn ddr ligu trude dé diy di. - Tang van chuyén la tang cudi cing chiu tréch nhigm vé mite d6 an todn trong dit ligu, nén giao thite ting van chuyén phy thude rit nhiéu véo ban chat ca ting meng, * Ting mang (Network Laye! ~ Chiu trich nhigm lap dia chi cée thong digp, dign dich dia chi va tén logic thanh dja chi vat ly, déng thi nd ding chiu trich nhigm giri packet tir mang nguén dén mang dich, Ting nay quyét dinh hung di tir miy nguén dén méy |... N6 cling quan ly Itru hong trén mang ching han nh chuyén 46i g6i, dinh tuyén vi kim soat tie nghén dit ligu. Néu b9 thich img mang trén b@ dinh tuyén (router) khéng thé truyén du dir ligu ma may tinh nguOn giti di, tang mang trén bd dinh tuyén s& chia sé di ligu thinh nhiing don vi nho hon. - Tang mang quan trong nhit khi lién két hai loai mang khéc nhau nh mang Ethemet véi mang Token Ring, khi d6 phai ding mt 69 tim durimg (quy dinh bai ting mang) dé chuyén cée goi tin tir may nay sang may khée va nguge lai Gi mot mang chuyén mach g6i (packet- switched network) gdm ce tap hop cae nit chuyén mach g6i ndi voi nhau boi cae lién két di ligu.Cac goi dir ligu duge truyén tir mot hé théng mé t6i mot hé théng mo khac trén meng phai duge chuyén qua mét chudi ce nit, M&i mit nhiin g6i di lig u tir mot dung vio (incoming link) ri chuyén tiép n6 ti mOt dutmg ra (outgoing link) hung dén dich cia dir Higu . Nhu vay 6 mi nat trung gian né phai thuc hign edie chite nang chon during va chuyén tgp. ~ Nguiti ta 6 hai phurong thite dip dmg cho vige chon dudng la phuong thite xirY tGp trung va xtr ly tai eh: ~ Phuong thire chon durémg xir ly tp trung duge dae trung boi sy tn tai ‘cla mOt hode vai trung tam digu khién mang, ching thye hign viée lp ra cée bang dutmg di tai timg thoi diém cho eée nit va sau dé gti ede bang chon duemg ti timg nit, dge theo con duomg da duge chon dé. Thong tin ting thé cua mang cdn ding cho vige chon duimg chi can ep nhip va duge cét git tai trung tim diéu khién mang, - Phuong thife chon dudng xit ly tai chd duge dae trig bai vige chon durémg durge thyc hign tai méi nit ca mang. Trong timg thoi diém, mdi mit pha duy tri ede thong tin cia mang va ur xy dung bang chon duimg cho minh, Nh vvay ede thong tin ting thé cua mang edn diing cho vige chon durong cin cap nhap va duge at gitt tai mdi nut, * Tang lién két div ligu (Data Link): - La ting ma 6 d6 ¥ nghia duge gan cho cac bit duge truyén trén mang, ‘Ting lin két dir ligu phai quy dinh duge cde dang thite, kich thurde, dia chi may sili va nhan eta mi gi tin duge gi di. NO pha xe dinh due co ché seuy thong tin trén mang va phwong tign gti mdi goi tin sao cho n6 duge dua dén cho nguisi nhdn 48 dinh = Tang lign két dir ligu 06 hai phuong thie ign két da trén cach két ndi cae may tinh, dé la phuong thite “diém- diém” va phuong thite “ m= nhigu diém”. Véi phuong thite “diém - diém” céc duéng truyén riéng biét duge thiét lap dé ndi cée cap my tinh lai vei nhau, Phuromg thir “diém- nhigu diém” ti ed cae may phan chia chung mét dudng trayén vat ly. ~ Tang lign két dit ligu eding cung edp céch phat hign va stra I6i eo ban, dé dam bao cho di ligu nhan duge gidng hoan todn véi dir lig tin 06 I8i khong sira duge, ting lién két di ligu phai chi ra duge cach thong béo cho noi giti biét g6i tin 46 06 1Bi dé nd giti lai. atti di. Néu mét goi * Tang vgt lp (Physical): ~ La ting cudi cing cia m6 hinh OSI, né m6 ta ede dae trung vat ly cla mang: Céc loai cép dé néi cée thiét bi, efc loai diu ndi doe ding, cfc day cap 6 thé dai bao nhiéu.... Mat khée eae ting vat ly cung cp cae de trg dign cua céc tin higu duge ding dé khi chuyén dar ligu trén cap tir m@t may nay dén mot miy Khde cia mang, ky thuft ndi mach dign t6c 49 cép truyén din, Ting vat ly khong quy dinh mot y nghia nao cho cfc tin higu d6 ngoai cée gid tri nhi phan la 0.va 1. & cae tng cao hon ciia ma hinh OSI ¥ nghia cia céc bit & ting vat ly s& duge xéc dink. ‘M6t s6 dae diém cua tang vat ly: = Mite dign thé. ~ Khong thoi gian thay dai din thé ~ Tée dd dit ligu vat ly. + Khoang duing truyén tdi da. 2.2- BQ GIAO THUC TCP/AP 2.2.1- Tong quan vé bé giao thire TCP/IP: TCP/IP 1a bd giao thire cho phép két ndi cc hé théng mang khéng déng nhdt véi nau. Neay nay, TCPAP due sir dung rng rai trong ede mang eye b6 cling nhu trén mang Intemet toan cu. TCP/IP duge xem la gidn lege cua mé hinh tham chiéu OSI vi 4 ting abu sau: - Tang lién két mang (Network Access Layer). - Tang Internet (Internet Layer). ng giao van (Host- to Host Transport Layer). ~ Tang tmg dung (Application Layer). Network connect Hinh 2.2.1- Mo hinh TCP/P * Tang lién ke = Tang lién két (cn duge goi 1 ting lién két di ligu hay Ia ting giao tiép mang) [a ting thap nhat trong m6 hinh TCP/IP, bao gém cae thiét bi mang va chuong trinh cung cp cic théng tin edn thigt c6 thé hoat dong, tray nhap dang truyén vat ly qua thiét bi giao tiép mang d6, 19 * Tang Internet: ~ Tang Internet (con goi la ting mang) xié ly qua trinh g6i tin trén mang. Cée giao thite cia ting nay bao gdm: IP(Intemet Protocol), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), IGMP (Internet Group Messages Protocol), * Tang giao van: - Ting giao vin phy tréch lung dit ligu gitta hai tram thyre hign eée img, dung cia ting mang. Tang nay cé hai giao thite chinh: TCP (Transmission Protocol) va UDP (User Datagram Protocol), - TCP cung cap mot ludng dit ligu tin cy gitta hai tram, n6 sir dung cae co ché nhw chia nhé cae goi tin ciia tang trén thanh cae géi tin o6 kich thude thich hop cho ting mang bén durdi, béo nhan goi tin, dat han ché thoi gian time - out dé dam bao bén nhan biét duge cae géi tin da giti di. Do tang nay dam bao tinh tin fy, ting trén sé khdng can quan tim dén nia = UDP cung cip mét dich vy don gin hon cho ting ting dung . Né ehi gui ‘cde géi dit ligu tir tram nay dén tram kia ma khong dm bdo cde gdi tin dén duge t6i dich. Cée ca ché dam bao 46 tin cfy cdin duge thye hign bai ting trén. * Tang tng dung. ‘Tang img dung 1a ting trén cing cua mé hinh TCP/IP bao gém cc tién trinh va cae img dung cung cdp cho ngudi sir dung 4é truy cp mang. C6 rat nhiéu tng dung duge cung cdp, trong ting nay ma phé bign la: Telnet: sir dung trong vige truy ep mang tir xa, FTP (File Transfer Protocol): dich vu truyén tp tin, Email: dich vu thu tin dign tir, www (World Wide Web). = Cing twomg tyrnhur mé hinh OSI khi truyén di ligu qua trinh tién hanh tir ting trén xudng ting dudi, qua mdi ting dir ligu duge thém vao mot thong tin itu khién duge goi 1a phn header. Khi nhén dit ligu thi qué trinh ndy xdy ra nguge lai, dit ligu duge truyén tir ting duéi lén va qua méi ting thi phin header ‘wong img duge My di va khi dén ting tén cting thi di ligu khong cdn phin header nita. Trong hinh 2-3 nay ta thy tai ede ting khac nhau dit liu durge mang nhimg thuat ngit khée nhi = Trong ting img dung dt ligula cdc long dupe go steam. - Trong ting giao van, don vj dir ligu ma TCP giti xudng ting dudi goi la TCP segment - Trong ting mang, dir ligu ma IP gii 16i ting didi duge goi la IP datagram. - Trong ting lién két, dir ligu duge truyén di goi la frame. 22: Sy khée nhau gidta TCP/IP vi OSI chi li ~ Tang img dung trong mé hinh TCP/IP bao gém luén ca 3 tang trén cia 1m@ hinh OSI So sinh mé hinh TCP/IP véi mé hinh OST = Tang giao van trong mé hinh TCP/IP khdng phai luén dim bio 46 tin céy cia vige truyén tin nhur 6 trong tang giao van ctia m6 hinh OSI ma cho phép thém mot Iya chon kha la UDP. 2.2.3- Mét s6 giao thite trong bd giao thite TCP/IP Giao thie lién mang IP 1a m9t trong nhiing giao thie quan trong mbit cua b6 giao thtre TCP/IP. Muc dich ciia giao thite lién mang IP, 14 cung cfip kha nang két ndi ca mang con thanh lién mang dé truyén dit ligu. IP la giao thire cung clip dich vy phan phat datagram, theo kiéu khOng lién két va khOng tin e@y nghia 1, khdng cin 06 giai doan thiét Ip lién két trurée khi truyén dt ligu khong dam bao ring datagram sé t6i dich va khong duy tri thong tin ndo vé nhimg datagram da ai di Giao thie TCP (Tranmission Control Protocol). TCP va UDP la hai giao thie 6 ting giao vén va cing sir dung giao thire IP trong ting mang. Nhung khéng gidng nh UDP/TCP cung cép dich vu lign két tin cy va e6 lign két Cé lig két 6 day e6 nghia a hai tng dung sir dung TCP phai thiét Lap tién ét véi nau trude khi trao di dit ligu. Sy tin edly trong dich vu duge cung cdp boi TCP duge thé hign nhu sau: ~ Dit ligu tir ting img dung giti dén duge TCP chia thanh cée segment o6 kich thurée phi hop nhat dé truyén di. - Khi TCP giti 1 segment né duy ti mot thai luong d8 cho phic dap wr tram nhan, Néu trong khoang thoi gian d6 phic dip khéng giti t6i duge tram gui thi segment dé duge tru - Khi TCP trén tram nhan dir ligu tir tram gibi ti tram giti 1 phic dap wy nhign phite dip Khong duge gir lai ngay lap tte ma thurdmg tr8 mot khoang thoi gian ~ TCP duy tri gid tri tng kiém tra (checksum) trong phin Header cia dt ligu dé nhén ra bat ky sy thay di nao trong qué trinh truyén dan, Néu 1 segment bj 18i thi TCP 6 phia tram nhén sé logi bd va khdng phic dép Igi a8 tram giti truyén lai segment bj I8i 46 TCP cung cap kha nang diéu khién lung. Mdi cita lign két TCP co ving, gm (buffer) gidi han do d6 TCP tai tram nhan chi cho phép tram giti truyén mot luong dit ligu nhat dinh (nhé hon khdng gian buffer cdn lai). Digu nay tranh sy ra trudng hop tram c6 te dO cao chiém ton bo ving dém cia tram 06 te 46 cham hon. CHUONG 3: MANG LAN VA THIET KE MANG LAN 3.1- KHAI NIEM LAN CO BAN Mang euc bo LAN, 18 hé chuyén thong tée 46 cao, durge thiét ké dé Két ndi cée may tinh va ede thigt bi xit ly diy ligu khée nhau cling hoat dng véi nhaw trong m6t khu vue dia ly nh6, nhu & mét ting cia tod nh hoje trong mot tod nha.... Mgt s6 mang LAN 6 thé két ndi Iai vGi nhau trong mot khu lam viée. ‘Trade khi phat trién cong nghé LAN, ede méy tinh ta déc lap voi nhau, bi han ché bai sé rong cai chirong trinh tign ich, sau khi néi mang LAN 10 ring higu qua cita chiing tang Ién gap boi. 3.1-1- Cie thiét bj n6i chinh cia LAN 3.lLoI- Card mang — NIC (Network Interface Card) Card mang _ NIC li m@¢ thiét bj dupe cém vio trong may tinh dé cung cép céng két néi vao mang. Card mang duge coi [a thiét bi hogt dOng 6 lép 2 clia md hinh OSI. Méi card mang ¢6 chita mOt dia chi duy nhdt la dia chi MAC- Media Access Control. Card mang diéu khién vige két ndi clia may tinh vio cae phuong tign truyén din trén mang. Card thyc hign cdc chite nang quan trong: ¥: ign lac v6i cée lép trén trong may tinh, ~ Danh dinh: cung cap mot danh dinh la dja chi cia MAC, - Béng Frame: dinh dang, déng g6i eée bit dé truyen ti ~ Didu khién tray xudt moi truéng: cung edp truy xudt c6 t6 chite d8 chia sé moi trig, - Bio higu: tao cae tin higu va giao tiép voi méi truamg bing cach ding ccée bd thu phat tich hgp sin. ‘Card mang quyét dinh phan lén cdc dac tinh cia LAN nhu: - Kiéu ep. = Topo, - Phuong phap truy nhap mang, ~ Tée d6 truyén thong tin. Thigt bj host khdng phi mt phin cua bat eit 1ép nao cia mé hinh OST chung hoat dng tai tét ea 7 lp tia mé hinh OSI: Két néi vat ly voi moi trang mang bing mét card mang véi cc lép OSI khée duge thy hign bing phin mém bén trong host. Hin 3.1.1.1- Card mang 3.1.1.2- Repeater b6 lp Repeater li mét thiét bj hoat dong 6 mite 1 cua mé hinh OSI khuyéch dai va dinh théi lai tin higu, Thiét bj nay hoat dong mite 1 (Physical. repeater khuyéch dai va giti moi tin higu ma né nhén duge tir mot port ra tht ed céc port con Iai, Mue dich ctia repeater 1a phye h i Iai cde tin higu trén duéng truyén ma khong sita 46i gi 3.1.1,3- Hub Hinh 3.1.1.3 Hub La mét trong nhing yéu to quan trong nhat cua LAN day la diém két noi day trung tam cia mang tit c céc tram trén mang LAN duge két ndi thong qua hub, M@t hub thong thudng c6 nhigu céng néi vi ngudi sir dung d8 gin may tinh ‘va ede thiét bi ngoai vi. Méi cng hd try mot 66 két ndi day xofin 10/100 BASET tir mdi tram cla mang. Khi cé tin higu Ethernet duge truyén tir mot tram ti hub né duge lip di lap Iai trén khip cae cng ciia hub. Cac hub théng minh cé thé dinh dang kiém tra cho phép hoae khéng cho phép boi ngudi iéu hanh mang tir trung tam quan ly hub. 3. Vige két ndi cae LAN rigng 1é thanh m@t lin mang chung goi la 4- Lién mang (Internetworking ) Intemetworking. Intemetworking sit dung 3 cng cu chinh: bridgerouter vi switch, 3.L15- Ci néi (bridge) La mét thiét bj 06 xit ly ding dé ndi hai mang gidng nhau hode khac nhau, né 06 thé duge ding v6i cée mang c6 giao thie Khée nhau, Clu néi hoat ddng trén ting lién két dar ligu, nén khéng nhu b6 tip ste phai phat lai tat ca nhimg gi né nhén duge, thi cau ndi doc duge cée géi tin ciia tang lién két dit ligu trong mo OSI va xir ly ching trude khi quyét dinh c6 truyén di hay khong, Khi nhén duge céc géi tin Bridge chon lgc va chi trayén di nhimg géi ma 16 thay can thigt Digu may lam cho Bridge tr nén 66 ich kh ndi mt vai mang ‘véi nhau va cho phép né host déng mét ich mém déo. tft, fie. Bridge a] D Bp | og cfr Hin 3.1.1.5- Hoat déng aia cau ndi - Dé thye hign duge diéu nay, trong Bridge & mai dau két ndi cd mot bang cée dia chi céc tram duge két ndi vao phia dé khi hoat déng cau ndi xem xét mdi g6i tin né nhan due bing céch doc dia chi ciia noi giti va nhéin, da trén dia chi phia nhgn duge géi tin nd quyét dinh giri goi tin hay khOng gti va bd sung bang dia chi. ~ Qué trinh xir ly méi géi tin duge goi la qua trinh loc, trong dé téc d6 loc thé hign truc tigp kha nang hoat dong cia Bridge - Téc 49 chuyén van duge thé hign s6 g6i tin/gidy trong dé thé hign kha nang cia Bridge chuyén cdc g6i tin tir mang nay sang mang kha. Hign nay c6 hai loai Bridge dang duge sir dung la Bridge van chuyén va Bridge bién dich. Bridge van chuyén ding dé néi hai mang eye bo ciing sit dung mot giao thire truyén thong cia ting lign két dit ligu, tuy nhién mdi mang c6 thé sir dung loai day néi khac nhau. Bridge van chuyén khéng cé kha ning thay déi cdu tric ede g6i tin mA né nhgn duge, ma chi quan tim ti vige xem xét va chuyén van géi tin dé di. Bridge bién dich ding dé ndi hai mang cuc b6 €6 giao thite Khée nhau, né 6 kha nang chuyén mt géi tin thude mang nay sang géi tin thue mang kia ‘rude khi chuyén qua, 3.1.1.6- BG dn dieing (router ) Router li mgt thiét bj hoat ng tren ting mang, né c& thé th duge dung, i t6t nha cho ede g6i tin qua nhigu két n6i dé di tr ram gui thude mang diu dén tram nhan thude mang cudi. Router oS thé duge sir dung trong viée néi nhiéu ‘mang véi nhau va cho phép cée gi tin ¢6 thé di theo nhigu dudng khée nhau dé t6idieh. Khi xir ly cde géi tin Router phai tim duoc duéng di tt nhdt trong mang diya trén cac théng tin n6 c6 vé mang, thong thudng trén mdi Router c6 mot bang, chi dudng (Router table) t6i wu dya trén mt thugt toan xac dinh trude. Nawoi ta phan chia Router thinh hai logi la Router ¢6 phy thude giao thite (The protocol dependent Routers) vi Router khong phy thude giao thite (The protocol independent Routers) diya vio phuomg thite xir 1¥ ce géi tin khi qua Router. Router c6 thé phu thude giao thite. Chi thue hign vige tim dudmg va truydn géi tin tir mang nay sang mang khéc chir khdng chuyén déi phuong cach déng géi ca géi tin cho nén ca hai mang phai diing chung mét giao thire truyén, thong Routers khong phu thude vio giao thite c6 thé lién két ede mang ding giao thie truyén thong khéc nhau va c6 thé chuyén d6i goi tin ciia giao thire nay sang giao thie cia g6i tin kia. Router cting chap nhan kich thud cdc géi tin khde nhau 26 (Router ¢6 thé chia nho mét g6i tin lim thanh nhigu got tin nh trade truyén trén mang). DE ngn chin vige mit mat di ligu, Router cdn nahin bidt duge durong di nao c6 thé chuyén van va ngung chuyén van khi dudng bi tic, do sir dyng Router: = Router c cée phn mém Igc wu viét hon li Bridge do cac gai tin muén di qua Router cn phai giri true tiép dén né nén giém duge sé hong 26i ti qua né, = Router 06 thé xéc dinh duge dug di an toan va tit nhat trong mang, nén d@ an toan cia th6ng tin duge dim bio hon. 3.1.1.7- BO chuyén mach (switch ): - Chie nang chinh cia switch la cing mot lite duy tri nhiéu edu néi gitta céc thiét bi mang, bing eich dua vio mét logi dong tuyén xuong sng (backbone ) ndi tai be 49 cao. Switch e6 nhiéu céng, méi edng e6 thé hd trg toan b6 Ethernet LAN hoiic Token Ring. BO chuyén mach két néi mot s6 LAN riéng biét va cung cdp kha nang loc géi dit ligu gitta ching. Cae switch 1a logi thiét bj mang mdi nhiéu ngudi cho ring, né sé tro nén phd bién nhit vind 1a bude du tién trén con duéng chuyén sang ché dé truyén khong dng bd ATM. Cac gidi phap két ndi thong dung hign nay gém: 3.1.21- Gidi phip khong diy (Wireless LAN Outdoor) M6 ta giai php Sir dung céc thiét bj Wireless nhu Access point (b6 thu phat tin higu). Thiét bi Access point c6 hé try tinh nang Bridge (ché 46 bic edu), point to point (digm- iém), point to rmultipoint (4iém- da diém), Tai mdi khu nha sé d&t cée Access point. Uiudi - Khong edn day din, trign khai linh dong, phir hop v6i cde dia hinh khé di diy. = Téc d6 cao tuong duong mang c6 day, ~ V6i ef Antenna tich hop mé rng ving phit sng va co ché chuyén ving linh hoat dam bao két néi én din khi di chuyén = Cie digm truy cap khdng day ngoai troi duge thiét ké gidm thidu t5i da anh hudng cla thoi tiét v6i kha nang két néi ede Antenna dinh hudng vi vo hung gitp két ndi khong day gitra trung tm va ede toa nha lan cn tra nén don ian Nhwer did -Gi ~ Vige trign khai di hoi dGi ng ky thuat c6 chuyén mon va kinh nghigm. = Chat lugng durong truyén 6 thé bj anh hudmg do vat chin nhu cay e6i, thanh cao. nha cao ting; hodc do tin sé thu/phét tin higu séng v6 tuyén cia he théng tng dai khac,... gy can nhiéu rit manh, = Dai hoi pha c6 cén bg chuyéan trich o6 trinh d6 chuyén mn. - Tinh nang bio mat thép hon so véi hé théng mang e6 day ~ An todn thong tin chi v6i ede tinh nang bao mat tién tién, 3.1.2.2. Gitti phap sit dung cép soin doi M6 14 gii pha: - Sir dung cdc thiét bi mang két hop véi day cp mang, = Trung tim mang la may ch - Tai phng may cha sir dung mot b6 switch ting, - Tir switch téng duge két ndi véi cdc switch con va tir switch con durge két di t6i cae may tram théng qua mot hé thong day cap chéo UTP CAT SE voi dau bam RUSS. diém: = Chi phi ddu tw thép va hop ly. - Dé ding trién khai va lip dat - Téc d6 dudng truyén nhanh, dn di - Tinh nang bao mat cao. Nhuroe diém: - Khhi ning két ni e6 thé bi gién doan do hé thing diy dn d8 ngoai ti nén 6 thé bj dirt do cc yeu to khach quan va chi quan. = Nhigu du néi qua switch va wallplace, RIMS c6 thé bi ngét kétnéi do tiép xife khong tot 3.1.2.3 Gii php sit dung cp Quang (Fiber LAN) M6 té giai pha: Sir dung cée thiét bj chuyén mach Switch Quang két hgp véi viée sit dung day dln la cép quang dé két ndi ede 108 nha Iai véi nhau v6i khoang céich khong bi han ché. Tai trung tam mang str dung Switch Quang két ndi véi cae day nha khée. Liu diém ~ Tée d6 durong truyén cao, ~ Kha nang van hanh 6n dinh va manh me, = Tinh nang bao mat cao. = Cho phép két ndi mang LAN thing qua durdng cép quang gitta trp sit chinh va ce don vi true thude véi khoang céch khéng gidi han va te dé tdi da len ti L000Mbps, - Dip ting tit ca cde nhu clu mé Ong hode nhu edu quan ly sau nay khi he théng mang phat trién. Nhwoc dé ~ Chi phi diu tw cao - Trign khai va lip dat kid phite tap di hoi d6i ngit cin b6 c6 chuyén mon, = Boi hoi cin bé chuyén trach e6 chuyén mén cao. 3.1.3- Hé théng cap ding cho LAN 3.13.1- Cap sodin Day la loai cép gdm 2 dudng day bing déng dugc xodn vio nhau lim gidm nhigu dign tir gdy ra boi mdi truémg xung quanh va gitta ching véi nhau. Hign nay c6 2 logi cap xodin 12 cp 6 boc kim logi (STP-Shield Twisted Pair) eld Twisted Pair). Cap 6 boc kim loai (STP): Lép boc bén ngoai 6 tée dung chéng nhigu ‘va cap khdng boc kim loai (UTP-Uns! dién tir c6 loai c6 mét déi day xodn vio nhau va c6 loai c6 nhiéu déi day xofin vio nhau, Cp khéng boc kim logi (UTP): tinh turomg ty nhur STP nhung kém hon v8 kha nang chéng nhigm tir va suy hao vi kh STP vi UTP c6 2 logi (Category - Cat) thudng ding: - Logi 1 va 2 (Catl & Cat2): thudng ding cho truyén thoai va nhing. dudmg truyén tc 46 thap (nh hon 4Mb/s). = Loai 3 (Cat3): Téc 49 truyén dit ligu khoang 16Mb/s né la chudn hau hét cho ede mang dign thoai ~ Logi 4 (Cat): Thich hgp cho dudng truyén 20Mbis. - Loai 5 (Cat5): Thich hgp cho dudmg truyén 100MDb/s. = Loai 6 (Cat6): Thich hgp cho dung truyén 300Mb/s. 12 68 VO boc. Day la loai cap ré dé lap dat tuy nhién no dé bj anh huong cita moi trong. 4.1.3.2+ Cip ding true Cap ding true e6 2 dudmg day din va ching ¢6 cing 1 true chung 1 day din trung tim (thong 1d day dng eine), durimg dy edn lai tgo thinh dung éng bao xung quanh day dn trung tim (day dn nay e6 thé la daly bgn kim loai va vind 6 chite nang chéng nhiém ti, nén cdn goi la Iép boe kim). Gita 2 day din trén £6 1 lép cach ly va bén ngoai cing la Idp v6 plastic dé bao ve cap. Cap ding truc ¢6 46 suy hao it hon so véi cdc loai cap déng khae ( nhw cép son di), do it bj anh hurdng ciia mdi trudng. Cée mang cuc b6 sir dung cép 30 dang tryc e6 thé c6 kich thuée trong pham vi vai ngin mét, cép dng trye duge sir dung nhiéu trong cdc mang dang dudng thang, Hign nay c6 cip dong tryc sau: - RG - 58,50 6m: diing cho mang Ethemet. ~ RG ~ 59,75 6m: ding cho truyén hinh cép. ‘Cac mang cyc bé sir dung cp ding truc cé dai thong tir 2,5 - 10Mbps cap ce logi cp ding khéc vi n6 e6 6p v6 boe bén ngoai, 46 dai thong thudng ctia mt doan cip ndi trong mang la 200m, dong true e6 a6 suy hao it hon so v thurimg sir dung cho dang Bus. 3 Cap soi quang bao gdm mt day dan trung tm (ld mot hode mot b6 soi 3- Cip soi quang thuy tinh e6 thé truyén dan tin higu quang), duge boc mét l6p vo bye c6 tic dung phan xp céc tin higu td Ini dé gdm sy mét mat tn higu. Bén ngodi cimg la lop vo plastic dé bao vé cép. Cép soi quang khdng truyén din duge ec tin higu dign, ma chi truyén ede tin higu quang va khi nhdn ching s@ lai chuyén d6i tro Iai thank céc tin higu dign. Cap quang e6 dudmg kinh tir 8.3 - 100 micron, do duvmg kinh Idi thuy tinh c6 kich thude rat nhé nén rét Kho Khan cho vige dau néi, nb clin cong nghé dae biét véi KI thudt cao va chi phi cao. Dai théng ciia cap quang ¢6 thé lén t6i hing Gbps va cho phép khoang ich di cép kha xa, do €@ suy hao tin higu trén cp rét thip. Ngoai ra vi edp soi quang khéng ding tin higu dign tir dé truyén dir ligu nén n6 hoan toan khéng bi anh huang cita nhiéu dign tir va tin higu truyén khong bj phat hign va thu trom bing céc thiét bj dign tir ciia ngudi khéc. Nhuge diém cua e4p quang la khé lip dit va gid thanh eao nhung nin cchung cap quang thich hyp cho moi mang hign nay va sau nay. 31 3.2- THIET KE MANG LAN M6 hinh phan ep (Hierarchical models) Hink 3.2.1- Mé hinh phn edp Cu mic * Lép Wei (Core Layer ): day la true xuong séng ciia mang (backbone), thuring ding cae bd chuyén mach c6 tée 4 cao (Hight- Speed Switching), thang c6 céc dc tinh nhu 46 tin efy cao, cong sudt dir thira kha nang ty khic phye Idi, kha ning thich nghi cao dip img nhanh, dé quin IY, kha ning loc g6i hay loc ede tién trinh trong mong. * Lép phan tén (Distribution Layer): La danh gidi gitta lop truy nhap va L6p [0% ciia mang. Lép phan tin dim bao chéte nlng nhw dim bao gui dd ligu dén tig phin doan dam bao an ninh an toan doan mang theo timg nhém edng tie Broadeast’multicast, dinh tuyén gitta cée LAN ao (VLAN) chuyén moi trudmg chuyén din, dinh tuyén gita cde mién, tgo bien gidi git ede mién trong dinh tuyén tinh va déng thyc hign cc b6 I9c gdi ( theo dia chi theo sé higu céng) thyte hign cdc co ché dam bao chat lugng dich vu QOS. * Lép truy nbgp (Access Layer): Cung cdp cée kha ning truy nhp cho ngudi ding cue bd hay tir xa truy nhdp vio mang, Thudmg duge thye hign bing cede b6 chuyén mach (switch) trong moi trong campus hay cdng nghé WAN. ‘Dénh gid mé hink: Gif than thép. 32 *Ds dat, * DE mo rong, * DB cd lap 18 3.2.2- Mé hinh an ninh— an toan * An fo’n vi bao mat ludn la ly do khién ching ta chon gidi php lip dat kigu mang dua trén may phue vu. * Trong moi trudmg dya trén méy phye vy, ché d6 bao mat do nau quan tri mang quan ly bang céch dat ra cdc chinh sch va dp dat cdc chinh sich ay cho tig ngudi ding trén mang, nigm: Theo mdi dinh nghia rng thi an ninh ~ an toan mang ding rigng hay mang noi b6 Ia gitt khong cho ai lim edi ma mang noi b6 dé khong muén cho lam ‘Vay khi két ndi LAN phai trién khai co ché nio dé thyc hign yéu clu an ninb an ton, Ching ta goi d6 12 an ninh an ton mang. ‘Tai nguyén ma ching ta mudn bio ve Id gi? * La cde dich vy ma mang dang trién khai * La ede thang tin quan trong ma mang d6 dang uu gitt hay cin how chuyén * La cae tai nguyén phan cing va phan mém ma hé thang mang dé 6 dé ung (mg cho nhiing ngudi diing ma né cho phép. Ching ta sé xét chi tiét: Tinh bao mat: Bao dim ti nguyén mang khdng bi tiép xe bi sir dung bai ngudi khéng cé thim quyén. Ching han dir ligu truyén di trén mang duge dim bao khdng bi léy trdm clin duge ma hod trade khi tuyén, Cée ti nguyén 46 déu 6 chii va duge bao vé biing céc céng cu va cic co ché an ninh — an toan, Tinh toan ven: Bim bio khong e6 vige sir dung va sita déi néu khong duge cho phép. vi du nhu Ky hay sita di di ligu eting nhur thay déi edu hinh he théng boi nhing ngudi khong duge phép hodc khOng e6 quyén. Thong tin ru hay truyén trén mang vai cde tép cau hinh hé théng luén duge dim bao gir toan 33 ven, Chiing chi duge sir dung va duge siia d6i boi nhing ngudi chi eta né hay duge cho phép. Tinh sin ding: Tai nguyén tin mang luén dugc dim bio khing thé bj chiém git boi nguoi khdng 6 quyén. Cée tai nguyén ludn sin sing phye vu hing ngudi duge phép sir dung. Nating ngudi c6 quyén ¢6 thé duge diing bat cit khi nao. Thude tinh nay rit quan trong nhat 1A trong cde dich vy mang phyc vu cng cong (ngan hang tr van, chinh phi dign ti...) Vige xi thye: Thue hign xée dinh ngudi ding duge quyén ding mot tai nguyén nao 46 ngu théng tin hay tai nguyén phan mém va phin cimg trén mang. Vige xtc thye thutmg két hgp vai sy cho phép hay tir chéi phyc vy. Xée thye thuong duge ding lé mat khau (password) hay can cude cia ngudi ding nhu van tay hay cdc dau higu dc dung. 3.2.3 Cate bude thidt ké 3.2.3.1~ Phiin tie yeu cau si dung Xéc dinh mye tiéu sir dung LAN: ai sit dung LAN va yéu cdu dung long. trao 44i dit ligu logi hinh dich vy thai gian dap ing . Yéu cau phat trién ciia LAN trong twang lai xée dinh chi sé how va quain tr] LAN. Xée dinh s6 Iugng nit mang hign thoi va tong lai (rit Ion trén 1000 nat vita trén 100 nit vi nho du6i 10 mut), Trén co s@ s6 Iugng nit mang ching ta co phuong thie phan cép va chon kj thugt chuyén mach. Dya vao mé hinh phong ban dé phan doan vat ly dé dam bao hai yéu cdu an ninh va dm bao chat lugng dich vu. Dya vio mé hinh TOPO Iya chon céng nghé di cép. Dy bao eée yeu clu mé rng. 3.2.3. - Lyra chon cae thiét bj phan citng Dya trén ede phan tich yéu cu va kinh phi dy kién cho vige triém khai ching ta s@ Iya chon nha cung cép thiét bi lim nhdt nhur ld Cisco, HP, Intel... Cée céng nghé tién tién nhat phi: hop véi diéu kign Viét Nam (kinh té va ky thuat) hign da c6 trén thi trudng va sé c6 trong twong lai gan, Ce cong nghé c6 kha ning mé rong. 34 bindi Phin cimng chia lam 3 phin: ha ting két néi (hé théng cép) ede thi (hub, switch, bridge, router) cae thigt bj xir ly (cde loai server cae logi may in, cée thidt bi Iuu trr...). 3.2,3,3- Lyra chon phan mém ~ Lua chon hé digu hanh Window server (2003,...2008 ) Linux dya tren yeu clu vé xir ly sé rong giao dich dap img giao dich, dip tng thdi gian thyc, inh phi an ninh an todn. ~ Lara chon ede e6ng eu phat trién ig dung phin mém nhur eée phan mém quan treo sé dit ligu (Oracle, SQL...) = Lya chon ede phin mém mang nhu thir dign tir (Sendmail, PosiOfice, ) Webserver (ApachellS,..) - Lya chon cée phin mém dim bao an ninh an toan mang nhw phan mém Netscape tung lira (IPCop,...) phn mém ching virus (Symantec server,...) phin mém chéng dt nh§p va phin mém quét 15 héng an ninh trén mang, 3.2.4- Xay dyng mang LAN quy mé mét toa nha Xay dung LAN trong toa nha digu hank phuc vu cho edng tée khai tng dung co sé do ligu va bao mat dir ligu. Quan If co s6 dt igu tp trung, 3.24.1~H¢ thing mang bao gim Hg théng ede thiét bj chuyén mach (switch e6 ehire nang dinh tuyén laver 2 switch) cung cp nén tang mang cho cée méy tinh c6 thé trao di thong tin v6i nhau, Do toan bé phan mang xay dyng trong | tod nha nén hé thong cép truyén din s@ sir dung bao gém cae cap déng tiéu chuan UTP CATS va STP CAT6. Céng nghé mang cue bd sé sit dung li Bthemet/fastEthernct/ GigabitEthemet wong ting tée 4 10/10/1000 Mbps chay tren ep STP/UTP hoge cép quang ~ HG théng mang va méy chii phye vy cho vige quan ly CSDL tép trung va kiém soit ruy ep Internet = Cung cfp ede tai nguyén truy egp va img dung phin mém quan ly cia nganh.. 35 3.2! 2- Phan tich yéu cin ~ Mang may tinh la mang LAN Campus Network ¢6 bang thong rong dit d& Khai thée hi qua céc img dung ca sé dit ligu de tumg eda t6 chite eting nh dap ting cée kha nang chay cdc img dung da phuong tign (hinh anh, am thanh,...) phuye vu cho cng tic tra ciru img dung tir xa. - Mang xay dung dya trén nén tang céng nghé truyén diin téc 46 cao EthemevfastEthemet/GigabitEthemet va hé théng cip mang xoin STP6/UTP CAT 5 va ep quang da mode. = Mang cin c6 46 én dinh cao va kha ning dye phng dé dim bio chit lung cho vige truy cp eae dit ligu quan trong cing nhu dao tgo tir xa, Hé théng cap mang phai ¢6 kha nang dy phong 1:1 cho céc két néi Switch ~ switch cing rnhu dm bio kha nang sia chita eich ly sit €6 dé ding = HI¢ thdng cép mang can duge thigt ké dam bio dap ting cfc yéu chu ve két ndi tdc d9 cao va kha ning dye phong cing nhur mé rOng Ken cde edng nghé méi - Mang cin dm bao an ninh an toan cho ton bé thiét bj ndi bé trude cde truy nh§p trai phép & mang ngoai cing nhu tir cdc truy nhap gidn tiép cb myc dich pha hogi nén cn ¢6 hé théng bao mat. ~ Mang dam bao kha nang dinh tuyén trao doi théng tin gitta cée phin mang LAN ao khac nhau cho phép ce phan mang khdc nhau c6 thé két ndi dén. nhau thong qua méi tru’ng mang ding chung. 3.2.4.3- Thiét ké hé thing Hé théng chuyén mach chinh bao gdm céc Switch c6 kha ning xir ly tbe 9 cao c6 co cdu phan thanh 2 l6p 1a lop phan tin (distribution) va lop cung cdp teuy nhap (Access) cho ce du eubi my tinh, Switeh tray ep kim nhigm vu cung cép cdng truy nhép cho céc dau cudi may tinh va tich hop cdng truy cép véi mat d9 cao. Cée két ndi gitta switeh truy edp va switch phan phi 18 cde két nbi truyén tai dit ligu qua Iai cho e4e LAN nén e6 tée d6 cao 1000 Mbps. Cée switch truy cp cung cap cic cong truy cép cho may tinh mang 6 t6e d6 thap hon nén clin 6 cing 100/1000MEps. 36 Hg thing Switeh phin phéi theo chuan s@ bao gm 2 switch 66 cau hinh manh dip tng duge yéu ciu chuyén mach dik ligu tc d6 cao va tip trung Iuu Ingng dén tr cc access switch. Cau hinh 2 switch phin phdi cho phép mang lui e6 d6 dy phong cao (dyr phong néng 1:1) tuy nhién trong trong hop quy mo mang ban du khong Ién va chi phi han ché vin c6 thé trién khai mang ‘véi mét mang switch phan phéi dap img duge yéu céu hogt déng. He théng cfc Switch truy cp cung cap ede dudmg két ndi may tinh vao mang dit ligu. Do phan Ién cae giao tiép mang cho ede may tinh dau cudi cling nnhu server hign tai, c6 bang thing 100/100 Mbps nén ede switch truy ep eting sir dung cong nghé 100/100 base TX Fast Fthemet va dap img muc tiéu cung cap s6 Iwong céng truy nhép Ién dé cho phép m@ rong s6 Ivgng ngudi truy cap vao mang. Céc durong két néi gitia switch truy ep va switeh phan phdi duge goi 1a cdip két ndi len (up — Link) 37 CHUONG 4; KHAO SAT HIEN TRANG - THIET KE KY THUAT 1- KHAO SAT, XAY DUNG MANG LAN SO Y TE TINH YEN BAI 4..1- KHAO SAT HE THONG MANG LAN AL. ~ Gidi thigu so Wrge vé don SérY 1é li co quan chuyén man thude Uy ban nha dan tinh e6 chite nang. tham muru, gidp Uy ban nhan dan tinh thye hign chire nding quan Iy nha nude ve ham, chita bénh; cham s6e va bao ve ste khoé nhan dan, gm: y té dy phony phye hdi chite nding; y durge c6 truyén; thude phong bénh, chita bénh cho nguoi; my pham; an toan vé sinh thye phim; trang thiét bi y té; dn s6; bao hiém y Hign tai, So Y té tinh Yén Bai c6 39 edn b6, cng chite véi 6 phong vi thuong tre Cong doan, SO DO TO CHUC BO MAY SO Y TE BANGAM BOC Ieee ccc ee cong : rire | long) | mrad Gear | |mornia) pegteng | ere | lento} "mosh: |e ci = roan] [Saxe | tien) [te Y 4.1.1.2- Hign trang try sé Lim vige So Y té hign dang trong giai doan xay dug try sé, cin cit vao ban thiét ke iat biing kin tn tng thé tn sa tim vige ea Sar ¥ #8 duge chia than ede phin hw sau; 38 4.L1.21- Day nha I (Chia lam 03 khu) gém: * Khu A: (nim chinh gitta day nha I nhin ra phia diedng Yen Ninh) Khu A 6 4 ting, durge chia thanh 18 phing (

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