8.

1 Nguyn tc hot ng v vng bo v

8.2 c tuyn khi ng
8.3 Cch chn UR v IR a vo rle phn nh ngn mch
gia cc pha
8.4 Cch chn UR v IR a vo rle phn nh ngn mch
chm t
8.5 Bo v khong cch 3 cp
8.6 Cc nh hng lm sai lch
8.7 nh gi bo v khong cch
1

Bo v khong cch cn cc tn hiu l dng in, in p v gc

lch gia chng.
BVKC xc nh tng tr t ch t BV n im NM t cc tn
hiu trn, tc ng khi tng tr do rle o c b hn gi tr tng
tr chnh nh ca bo v.

Z R Z kd
Khi bnh thng, in p rle gn in p nh mc v dng qua
rle l dng ti cho nn tng tr rle o c gi tr ln v rle khng
tc ng.
Khi NM in p gim cn dng tng cao cho nn tng tr rle o
c nh nn rle tc ng.
2

Z R Z kd
T phng trnh ta thy min tc ng l hnh trn tm O bn
knh ZR . c tnh tc ng v hng
Rle tng tr c hng dng ph bin l loi thm cun dy
cng ph qun ln trn li thp. T thng ph ngc chiu
vi t thng do cun p sinh ra khi dng in i theo hng dng
hng tc ng. Khi n kh bt Momem do in p sinh ra v
cho php tip im ng li. Khi dng in ngc li th t thng
ph cng chiu t thng in p nn kha li.
Ty theo tng quan gia t thng ph v t thng in p m
tm hnh trn di chuyn khi gc ta . Loi ph bin l c cung
trn i qua gc ta c tnh MHO
3

Ngoi ra cn c cc c tnh khc: elip, lch tm, in khng, a

gic

Phng trnh c tuyn

Z kd zkd e

j R

Z kd zkdm cos(CR R )
Z CR1 Z CR2
Z CR1 Z CR2
ZR

0
2
2
Z R Z b Z R Z d 2a 2 zcRm

Z kd jxkd jzCkd sin jxCkd const

Ngoi ra cn c c tuyn a gic, rt ph tp, tuy nhin n thc t

thng dng

Phn tch s c NM tham kho sch

RLE

IR

UR

IA-IB

UAB

IB-IC

UBC

IC-IA

UCA
6

Phn tch s c NM tham kho sch

RLE

IR0

UR

IA + 3kCI0

UA

IB + 3kCI0

UB

IC + 3kCI0

UC

Z L 0 Z L1
KC
3Z L1

Vng bo v (hay cch tnh n gin):

Vng I: 80 90% ng dy c bo v
Vng II: Hon ton ng dy c bo v v 50% ng dy
k sau c tng tr nh nht
z
Vng IIIF: 120% (ng dy c
bo v + ng dy k sau c
tng tr ln nht)
Vng IIIR: 20% u ng dy
Ckd

8.4.1 Bo v cp I
8.4.2 Bo v cp II
8.4.3 Bo v cp III
zCkd

8.4.1.1 Khi ng
8.4.1.2 thi gian tc ng
8.4.1.3 Vng bo v
zCkd

10

Tng tr khi ng

Z kdI kat Z thietbiduocbaove

kat = 0.8-0.85

11

Thi gian tc ng gn bng zero

12

Vng bo v chnh bng kat

13

8.4.2.1
8.4.2.2
8.4.2.3
8.4.2.4

Khi ng
Thi gian tc ng
nhy
Vng bo v

14

Tng tr khi ng
kat = 0.8-0.85

Cch 1:

Cch 2:

kat = 0.87-0.9
II
kd

kat
k ( Z thietbiduocbaove
Z thietbikesau )
k pd
'
at

Z kdII Z thietbiduocbaove 0.5Z thietbikesauco t ongtro min

15

Thi gian tc ng t ( ph thuc vo nhy v phi hp vi

cp I hay cp II k sau )

16

 nhy

knh

Z kdII
Z thietbiduocbaove

1.2

nhy khng tha phi chn phi hp vi cp II k sau n

Z kdII

'
k
kat
'
at
kat ( Z thietbiduocbaove
( Z thietbikesau
Z thietbikesau sau ))
k pd
k pdsau

17

Vng bo v ly gi tr tng tr khi ng chia cho tng tr ca

phn t c bo v bit n bo v c bao nhiu phn trm.

18

8.4.3.1
8.4.3.2
8.4.3.3
8.4.3.4

Khi ng
Thi gian tc ng
nhy
Vng bo v

19

Tng tr khi ng

Cch 1:

III
kd

Z lamviec min

kat ktv kmm

Z lamviec min

kat = 1.1-1.2

U min
;U min (0.9 0.95).U dm
3.I lv max

ktv = 1.05-1.1

kmm = 1.2-1.3
20

Tng tr khi ng

Cch 2:

Z kdIII 1.2( Z thietbiduocbaove Z thietbiliensau )

21

Thi gian tc ng t ( ph thuc vo nhy v phi hp vi

cp II hay cp III k sau )

22

 nhy

knh

Z kdIII
Z thietbiduocbaove

1.5

23

Vng bo v ly gi tr tng tr khi ng chia cho tng tr ca

phn t c bo v bit n bo v c bao nhiu phn trm.

24

8.6.1 nh hng ca gc pha ng dy gay vt tm

8.6.2 nh hng ca in tr qu ti im NM gay di tm
8.6.3 nh hng ca phn dng gay qu tm hoc di tm
8.6.4 nh hng ca in p t vo rle
8.6.5 Sai s o lng
8.6.6 nh hng ca cch ni dy MBA ng lc t gia ch
t bo v v ch NM
8.6.7 nh hng ca dao ng in
8.6.8 nh hng t b dc

25

Gc chnh nh ca rle thng ly bng gc pha ng dy. Do

nhiu nguyn nhn (nhit , chn nc rle, tnh ton) nn 2 gc ny
s khng bng nhau. Khi tr s tc ng ca rle cc nh theo

tacdongR kdR cos( kdR duongday )

Nh vy ZtacdongR < ZkhoidongR c ngha l vng tc ng b ko di
ra so vi tr s t v bo v tc ng vt qu vng chnh nh, ta
gi l qu tm.
Mc qu tm tnh theo phn trm:

Z kd
kquatam % 100%(
1)
Z kd cos(kdR duongday )
100%(

cos(kdR

1
1)
duongday )

26

Khi NM ba pha thng qua in tr qu Rqd nn tng tr t

vo rle tng thm mt lng Ra. ZR = ZL + Ra
Khi NM hai pha thng qua in tr qu Rqd nn tng tr t
vo rle tng thm mt .lng Ra.
.
.

ZR

UR
.

IR

2 I NM Z L I NM Ra
.

2 I NM

1
Z L Ra
2

Khi NM hai pha thng qua in tr qu Rqd vi mng 2 ngun

Z R Z L k pd Ra ; k pd

I NMquaR
I NMdendiemNM

Nh vy, vng tc ng b thu hp hay gi l di tm

ZtacdongR > ZkhoidongR

27

Nh vy, vng tc ng b thu hp hay gi l di tm

ZtacdongR > ZkhoidongR
Mc qu tm tnh theo phn trm:

( Z kd kRa )
kduoitam % 100%(
1)
Z kd
kRa
100%(
)
Z kd
28

Khi mng in c nhiu ngun v nhiu nhnh th khi mt ng

dy nhnh r c ngun, dng in NM trn ton mng khng ging
nhau. N s gay ra qu tm v di tm.
V d:
Mc qu tm tnh theo phn trm:

kduoitam % 100%(
kquatam % 100%(

( Z kd k pd Z Lkesau )
Z kd

k pd Z Lkesau
Z kd

1) 100%(

k pd RLsau
Z kd

)
29

1 h thng c in p US v tng tr ZS cp cho ng dy

Xt
c bo v ZL, khi xy ra NM trn ng dy ta c:
.

.
US
1
U R % I R ZL
ZL
US
ZS ZL
1 SIR
ZS
system impedance ratio
SIR
ZL
.

30

Sai s BI v BU c nh hng n tr s ZR v gc pha R v do

lm thay i vng tc ng ca rle.
i vi BI cn kim tra ng cong bi s gii hn.
i vi BU cn chn dy ni tit din trnh st p ln lm
nh hng n gi tr v gc pha ca UR

31

Khi NM sau MBA c t u dy sao sao th rle tng tr s lm

vic nh trng hp NM trn ng dy, tng tr t vo rle s
bng tng s cc tng tr ca ng dy v MBA.
Nu t u dy ca MBA sao tam gic hoc tam gic sao th
rle tng tr s lm vic khc i, v khi NM hai pha sau MBA dng
in pha s cp v th cp ca MBA khc nhau v tr s v gc pha.

32

Dao ng l trng thi mt ng b gia hai ngun in hoc hai

b phn cha ngun trong h thng in. Xt hai ngun G v H c
sc in ng EG v EH thng qua ng dy L c khng in xL.
Dng dao ng
E

I dd

X GH

sin

I dd max sin

Nh vy dng dao ng trit tiu khi = 0 , cc i khi = 180

Khi dao ng tng tr gi tng gim xung xung quanh thi

im = 180 v cng gn tm dao ng tng tr cng gim
C hai nguyn tc kha dao ng: th nht l kha tc ng
theo thnh phn i xng v loi th hai l kha tc ng theo tc
33
bin thin dng, p hay tr khng ti ch t bo v.

Vi ng dy di cao p v siu cao p ngi ta thng lp b

t ni tip vo ng dy (tp trung hoc phn tn theo chiu di
ng dy) nng cao kh nng truyn ti v gim tn tht. c
trng ca mc b dc l h s kC. kC l t s ca XC b dc v
XL ca ng dy (thng vo khong 0.25 n 0.7). Vit Nam
th kC = 0.6.
Khi b dc th nh hng n rle khong cch v khi c NM sau
b t b dc th rle khng th thy im NM v c mt on ng
dy gn v tng tr o c nm sau lng bo v nn khng tc
ng c. iu ny c th lm cho bo v trc tc ng sai (v
khng chn lc)
34

 ngn vic tc ng sai th khi xy ra NM ta cn ni tc t in

li tr li bnh thng tuy nhin cn tr hon li tc ng khong
0.1s 0.15s.
cc b t in b dc hin i, ngi ta s dng h thng bo
v bng in tr phi tuyn, khe phng in v my ct u song song
vi b t. Khi c NM ty theo im s c ( ln dng NM) v thi
gian tn ti s c m cc thit b ny s lm vic v ni tc b t.

35

36

u im:
m bo tnh chn lc trong mng c cu trc bt k
Thi gian tc ng vng I nhanh (quan trng vi tnh n nh h
thng)
C nhy cao
Khuyt im:
S phc tp
Khng tc ng tc thi trn ton b vng bo v
Cn thit b kha khi dao ng in nn cng phc tp

37