Bo v chng chm t l bo v chng ngn mch mt pha

chm t N(1) va hai pha chm nhau chm t N(1,1). Nguyn tc da

vo thnh phn th t khng l I0 hoc U0 mun nhn c tn hiu I0
hay U0 th phi dng b lc th t khng
B lc dng th t khng gm mch t hnh xuyn m ly c
ba dy pha ca mch cn bo v. Cun th c qun trn mch t.
Dy ni t nu c ca cp ba pha cn c cho chui qua mch
t ng vi ba dy pha.
Ngoi ra nu c nu thit b c ni t trung tnh trc tip th
ly tn hiu th t khng t dy trung tnh
1

B lc dng th t khng gm mch t hnh xuyn m ly c

ba dy pha ca mch cn bo v. Cun th c qun trn mch t.
Dy ni t nu c ca cp ba pha cn c cho chui qua mch
t ng vi ba dy pha.
Ngoi ra nu c nu thit b c ni t trung tnh trc tip th
ly tn hiu th t khng t dy trung tnh
B lc p th t khng l dng tam gic h ly tn hiu. B
lc thc hin bng bin p ba pha nm tr hay t hp ba my bin
p mt pha.
2

Khi vn hnh bnh thng hoc khi ngn mch gia cc pha th
dng khng cn bng s nh v khng tn ti thnh phn th t
khng nn bo v th t khng s khng tc ng. Tuy nhin, khi
ngn mch chm t 1 pha hay 2 pha th thnh phn th t khng s
ln nn bo v pht hin v tc ng
7.1 Bo v cho mng c dng chm t ln
7.2 Bo v cho mng c dng chm t nh
7.3 Bo v in p th t khng

7.1.1 Bo v dng in cc i th t khng

7.1.2 Bo v ct nhanh th t khng
7.1.3 Bo v th t khng 3 cp

7.1.1.1
7.1.1.2
7.1.1.3
7.1.1.4
7.1.1.5
7.1.1.6

Nguyn tc
Dng khng cn bng
Dng khi ng
nhy
Thi gian tc ng
Vng bo v

Da vo thnh phn th t khng I0 hay U0

Khi vn hnh bnh thng cc thnh phn sinh ra dng khng

cn bng l:
o Thnh phn 3I ca dng ti
0
Dng t ha khng hnh sin lm xut hin thnh phn bc ba
o
Do t s bin ca BI khng hon ton ging nhau cc pha
A,B,C
o

S ni r le vo b lc dng th t khng:

Ta nh li: dng th cp ca bin dng in

I TC

1
I SC I ( I SC I )
nI

V d pha A:
,

1
I a I A I
( I A I A )
n AI

Nh vy dng vo r le:
,

1
I a I A I
( I A I A )
n AI

,
,
1
Ib IB I
( I B I B )
nBI

1
Ic IC I
( I C I C )
nCI

1
1
I R I a I b I c ( I A I B I C ) ( I A I B I C )
nI
nI

I R 3I 0 TC I KCB TC
Dng in vo r le c thm thnh phn khng cn bng

I R 3I 0 TC I KCB TC
ch ti, mch BI khng bo ha nn dng khng cn bng
do ti gay ra ly khong (2-4)% dng in nh mc ca BI
Khi c NM th dng khng cn bng c th ly bng 10% dng
NM cc i
Thc t c th ly 3I0 = (4-5)% Ilvmax
10

Nu thi gian tc ng ca bo v chng chm t ln hn thi

gian ca bo v chng NM nhiu pha th chn dng khi ng theo
iu kin lm vic ln nht

I kd

kat (3I 0 I kcbtaigayra )

ktv

Nu thi gian tc ng ca bo v chng chm t nh hn thi

gian ca bo v chng NM nhiu pha th chn dng khi ng theo
dng in NM ngoi

I kd kat I kcbNM
11

3I 0 min
kkd
1.5
I kd
Dng in th t khng nh nht qua rle khi NM cui vng
bo v

12

t1 t2 t
Thi gian tc ng ca bo v trc s bng ti gian tc ng
ca bo v sau cng thm t

13

Khi dng th t khng ln hn dng in bo v th t khng

nh trc

14

Dng khng cn bng cc i c xc nh theo ch bnh

thng hay theo NM ty thuc vo thi gian tc ng ca bo v:
Nu thi gian tc ng ca BV TTK ln hn thi gian tc ng
BV chng NM nhiu pha t lin sau n (tnh t ngun i) th
dng KCB cc i tnh trong ch lm vic bnh thng
(khong 0.01 n 0.02 A)
A

C
1

D
2

E
4

F
3

15

Dng khng cn bng cc i c xc nh theo ch bnh

thng hay theo NM ty thuc vo thi gian tc ng ca bo v:
Nu thi gian tc ng ca BV TTK nh hn thi gian tc ng
ca BV chng NM nhiu pha t lin sau n th dng KCB cc
i s c tnh theo ch NM ba pha ngoi khu vc bo v
(tc l u on tip sau n)
A

C
1

D
2

E
4

F
3

16

Thi gian lm vic, cng phi hp bc thang

A

C
1

D
2

E
4

F
3

Bo v TTK ch c cc bo v 1, 2 v 3 phi hp vi nhau. Bo

v 4 khng quan tm
17

7.2.1 BVD ct nhanh TTK cp I

7.2.2 BVD ct nhanh TTK cp II

18

7.2.1.1 Dng khi ng

7.2.1.2 Thi gian tc ng
7.2.1.3 Vng bo v

19

Dng in khi ng ct nhanh cp I

I kd k at 3.I 0 max
k at

= 1.2

I 0 max

Dng in NM TTK ln nht ti cui phn t

r le bo v.
20

Bng zero

21

Vng bo v ct nhanh c xc nh bng phng php th

theo im ct ca ng cong 3I0 v ng thng dng khi ng.

3I 0 I

I
kd

22

7.2.1.1
7.2.2.2
7.2.1.3
7.2.1.4

Dng khi ng
nhy
Thi gian tc ng
Vng bo v

23

Dng in khi ng ct nhanh cp II

I
k

II
kd 1

k .I
'
at

I
kd 2

.k pd

'
= 1.1
at

24

3I 0 min
knh II 1.2
I kd
Nu khng tha th phi phi hp vi bo v cp II ca rle k
sau n

II
kd 1

k .I
'
at

II
kd 2

.k pd
25

t t t
II
1

I
1

t t t
II
1

II
2

26

Vng bo v ct nhanh c xc nh bng phng php th

theo im ct ca ng cong 3I0 v ng thng dng khi ng.

3I 0 .k pd I

II
kd

27

7.1.3.1 Cp I ct nhanh khng thi gian tr hon

7.1.3.2 Cp II ct nhanh c thi gian tr hon
7.1.3.3 Cp III qu dng th t khng

28

 mng trung tnh khng ni t trc tip khi chm t th dng

NM c gi tr nh. N khp mch vi in dung ng dy so vi
t cho nn n ph thuc vo in dung v in tr qu ch
chm t. C th dng dng ny pht hin chm t.
thc hin bo v ta dng b lc:
i vi ng dy trn khng dng b lc hnh sao
i vi cp ngm dng bin dng in pha khng, cn lu l
dy ni t phi ni chui qua bin dng in pha khng trnh tc
ng sai khi c chm t mch khc.
29

7.2.1.1
7.2.2.2
7.2.1.3
7.2.1.4

Dng khi ng
nhy
Thi gian tc ng
Vng bo v

30

Dng in khi ng

I kd kat .k xk .3U f CL
kat :1.2
kxk :

2-3 vi bo v ct chm, 4-5 vi tc ng nhanh

Uf :

in p pha

CL=Cv .L: in dung ng dy

31

knh

I g min
I kd

knh 1.5 vi ng dy trn khng, 1.25 vi cp ngm Igmin l dng

chm t nh nht i qua bo v khi c chm t cui vng bo
v, c xc nh nh sau:
Mng khng c cun dp h quang:

I g min 3I 0C 3I 0 L 3U 0 nm (C CL )
32

Igmin l dng chm t nh nht i qua bo v khi c chm t

cui vng bo v, c xc nh nh sau:
Mng khng c cun dp h quang:

I g min 3I 0C 3I 0 L 3U 0 nm (C CL )
I0C :tng dng dung mi pha ca mng
U0nm :in p pha khi c chm t
I0L :dng in in dung mi pha ca ng dy c bo v
C: in dung ca mng
CL=Cv .L: in dung ng dy c bo v

33

Mng c cun dp h quang:

I g min
xL:

3U 0 nm

3U 0 nm (C CL )
xL

in khng cun dp h quang

34

35

So snh dng

36

Do dng NM nh nn nhy rt km, tng nhy phi

phi dng khng cn bng cch:
o Dng rle nhy cao
o BI tt
o khuych i th cp
Bo v th t khng mng trung tnh khng ni t trc tip c
th bo hiu hoc ct

37

7.2.1.1 Dng khi ng

7.2.1.3 Thi gian tc ng
7.2.1.4 Vng bo v

U gkd ktc (3U 0 U kcb )

U0 trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng ly khong 5%

Ukcb in p kcb ca b lc ly khong 2%-4%
tnh bo v bo tnh hiu khi c NM khng i xng, thi
gian chnh nh chn ln hn bo v ln nht, v thng chn 9s
38