4.

1 My bin dng in
4.1.1 nh du cc tnh
4.1.2 iu kin lm vic ca bin dng in
4.1.3 Cp chnh xc ca bin dng in
4.1.4 Cng sut ca bin dng
4.1.5 S u dy bin dng vo Rle
4.2 My bin in p
4.2.1 nh du cc tnh
4.2.2 iu kin lm vic ca bin in p
4.2.3 Cp chnh xc ca bin in p
4.2.4 S u dy bin in p vo Rle

4.1 My bin dng in

4.1.1 nh ngha
4.1.2 nh du cc tnh
4.1.3 iu kin lm vic ca bin dng in
4.1.4 Cp chnh xc ca bin dng in
4.1.5 Cng sut ca bin dng
4.1.6 S u dy bin dng vo Rle

My bin dng in l kh c in c nhim v bin i dng

in s cp I1 trong mch in c in p cao v dng in th cp
I2 tng ng vi thit b o lng thng qua t s nBI
o
Dng in I2 thng l 1A, 5A, i khi ln n 10A.
o
Bin dng in c thng s nh mc: Um , Im , Zm
o
Ngoi ra cn c thng s khc nh sai s, cp chnh xc, ph
ti th cp
o

K hiu: BI, CT

onh

du 2 mi dy s cp I v II
onh du 2 mi dy th cp 1 v 2
oNu u ni I 1 v II 2 th dng in qua ti l khng i
o Thc hnh: Ni mch in nh hnh v v cc tnh ca
bnh in v in k G. Khi nhn nt cng tc in k G ch theo
chiu thun th nh du nh hnh v.

Bin

dng in bo m lm vic cng nng n hn bin dng

in o lng, ngha l khi qu ti bin dng in vn hin th ng
tr s.
Chn bin dng in cn c vo dng in s cp cc i
Tng tr ph ti th cp phi Zpt Zcp tng tr cho cho php
Ph

ti ca bin dng in ch c mc ni tip

Khng

c cho th cp bin dng in h mch v khi

ta c I0 = I1 rt ln lm t thng b bo ha bng u gay sc in
ng cm ng xung lm h hng cch in.
Cun th cp phi ni t. (l do an ton)
Lu : Khi c ti lm vic, bin dng khng c h mch th
cp, nu cn tho g th phi ni tt 2 mi th cp. Nu Zpt tng cao
th cng lm cho in p th cp tng Zpt .

d
e
dt

onh

ngha: Cp chnh xc ca bin dng in c gi theo sai

s ln nht v tr s I%max khi n lm vic trong cc iu kin
sau:
Tn

s nh mc f = 50Hz
Dng in s cp I1 = (1 n 1.2) I1m
Ph

ti th cp Zpt = (0.25 n 1 ) Z2m

oCp

chnh xc: Do cu to li thp ( ; I 0 ), dng in s cp I 1

dy qun v, ph ti th cp ( ) lm cho I1 I2'
oSai s gm: tr s I v gc pha I
oDa vo th vect c th xc nh biu thc
tnh cc thnh phn sai s:
C
B
I1 I 2' OA OC BC I 0
I

sin( )
I1
OA
OA I1

AB I 0
I sin( I )
sin( )
OA I1
R1

jX 1

I 2'
R2'

U1

I1

R0

jX 0 E2'

jX 2'
'

I 0 I1

I2

U 2'

R'
jX '

gim sai s th li thp phi tt th (; I 0 ) s nh dn n sai

s nh
oKhi I1 c gi tr ln th sai s s nh nhng li gay pht nng.
oPh

ti c tnh cht tr th
( ) nh dn n sai s nh

oTuy

nhin, i vi bin dng in c cu to cho th

; I 0
(
) c nh, sai s bin dng in ph thuc vo ( )
v(I1 ) m thi.

oCn

c vo sai s m ngi ta chia lm cc cp chnh xc: 0.2,

0.5, 1, 3, 10.
Cp chnh xc 0.2 dng cc dng c o lng mu
Cp chnh xc 0.5 dng cng t in
Cp chnh xc 1 dng o lng cc dng c lp bng
Cp chnh xc 3, 10 dng cc b truyn ng cho CB
i vi h thng bo v rle th ty chnh xc m chn.

10

oCng

sut th cp nh mc ca bin dng S2 m l cng sut

max ca ph ti m n gay sai s trong gii hn cho php.
oCng sut th cp nh mc: (v Z2 rt b so vi Zpt )
S 2 dm I 2U 2 I 2 ( E2 I 2 Z dm ) I 2 E2
hay
S2 dm I 2U 2 I 2 ( I 2 Z dm ) I 22 Z dm

11

oDng

qua rle IR v dng trn dy pha Ip c th bng nhau v c

th khc nhau ph thuc vo s ni dy.
oh s s :

a.S

IR
K sd
Ip

sao
b.S sao thiu
c.S bin dng ni tam gic nhng rle u sao
d.S rle ni vo hiu s dng in trn 2 pha
e.S b lc dng th t khng
12

oKhi

Ia

IA

KI

okhi

bnh thng hay N(3) th

; Ib

IB

KI

; Ic

IC

KI

; I n I a Ib Ic 0

N(2) th In =0, v tng dng NM 2 pha = 0. Dng NM ch

chy qua 2 rle ca 2 pha b s c.
oKhi N(1) , ch c 1 rle ca pha s c c dng NM i qua.
oS dao bo v mi dng NM
oH s s Ksd = 1
oLu : chn 3 bin dng in ging nhau trnh tnh trng
mt cn bng. thc t lun tn ti dng khng cn bng khong 0.01
n 0.02 A
13

oKhi

bnh thng hay N(3) th

Ia
okhi

IA

KI

; Ic

IC

KI

; I n I a Ic Ib

N(2) th In =0, nu 2 pha c bin dng th c dng NM qua 2

rle cn dng In =0; nu 2 pha trong ch c 1 pha c bin dng th
dng NM qua 1 rle dy pha s c v dy chung
oKhi N(1) , nu ti pha khng c bin dng th khng bo v c
oS dao thiu bo v NM nhiu pha, khng bo v ngn mch
1 pha
oH s s Ksd = 1
14

oKhi

bnh thng hay N(3) th

I I I a Ib

IA

I II I b I c

IB

KI
KI

IB

IC

KI
KI

I I Ic Ia

IC

KI

IA

KI

v vy ta c dng vo r le s ln hn dng pha ln v lch

3
gc 30 .
o
H s s ty thuc vo dng NM. Nu l N th
K sd 3
15

oKhi

bnh thng hay N(3) th

I R Ia Ic
oKhi

IA

KI

IC

KI

N(2) nu 2 pha c bin dng th IA = - IC, IR = 2Ia

oKhi N(1) , nu ti pha khng c bin dng th khng bo v c
oCh bo v ngn mch nhiu pha, khng bo v ngn mch 1
pha
oH

s s K sd 3

16

oKhi

bnh thng hay N(3) th

I R I a Ib Ic 0
tuy nhin thc t tn ti dng khng cn bng nn s khc 0
oKhi bt i xng:

I R I a I b I c ( I a I b I c ) / K I 3.I 0
Dng qua rle la IR = 3I0 .
oVy ch bo v NM mt pha chm t v 2 pha chm t.
17

4.2 My bin in p
4.2.1 nh ngha
4.2.2 nh du cc tnh (nh phn bin dng)
4.2.3 iu kin lm vic ca bin in p
4.2.4 Cp chnh xc ca bin in p
4.2.5 S u dy bin in p vo Rle

18

My bin in p l kh c in c nhim v bin i in p s

cp U1 v in p th cp U2 tng ng vi thit b o lng thng
qua t s nU
o
in p U thng l 100V (my bin in p 3 pha), 100 3 V
(i vi my bin in p 1 pha)
o
Bin in p c thng s nh mc: Um , Im , Sm
o
Ngoi ra cn c thng s khc nh sai s, cp chnh xc, ph
ti th cp.

K hiu: BU, VT

19

oTng

nh my bin dng in

20

th dng mi mt bin p o lng cho tng bo v. Tuy

nhin, do kinh t nn thng dng mt bin p o lng cho nhiu
bo v.
Chn bin in p theo dng c in c yu cu cp chnh xc
cao nht
Tng ph ti th cp VA Spt Sm tng ng vi cp chnh xc
Khng c cho th cp bin dng in ngn mch.
Ph ti ca bin in p ch c mc song song
Cun th cp phi ni t. (l do an ton)

21

onh

ngha: Cp chnh xc ca bin in p c gi theo sai s

ln nht v tr s U%max khi n lm vic trong cc iu kin sau:
Tn

s nh mc f = 50Hz
in p s cp U1 = (0.9 n 1.1) Um
Ph
H

ti th cp Spt = (0.25 n 1 )S2m

s sng sut ph ti cos = 0.8

22

R1

R2'

jX 1

U1

I1
R0

jX 0 E2'

'

I2

'

I 2 (Z 1 Z 2 )

jX 2'

'

j I 2 ( X 1 X 2' )

U 2'

j I 0 X1

I 0 R1

I2

23

I0
O

I 0 Z1

'

BCF: do dng ti I2 gay ra

Lc khng ti I =0 th vn c sai

I 2 ( R1 R2' )

jX '
U2

Ta thy 2 tam gic gay sai s

bin in p:
AEF: do dng t ha I0 gay ra

'

R'

'

'

'
chnh xc: Do cu to li thpI 0 ( ), dng in Iti
( )
2
ngha l ph thuc vo cng sut v s lng dng c o mc vo
'
th cp, cu to bin in
(
) lm cho U1 U2' = U2.KU
Z1 ; Z p
2
oSai s gm: tr s U v gc pha U
oDa vo th vect c th xc nh biu thc
tnh cc thnh phn sai s:

oCp

U 2' U1
I
U1
I 0 a R1 I 0 r X 1 I 2' a ( R1 R2' ) I 2' r ( X 1 X 2' )
OA OC AB

OC
OC
U1
BC
OC
I 0 r R1 I 0 a X 1 I 2' r ( X 1 X 2' ) I 2' a ( R1 R2' )

U1

U sin(U )

24

gim sai s th li thp phi tt th (I 0

) s nh dn n sai

s nh
oPh ti (I ' ) ca bin in p khng c vt qu gi tr cho
2
php, ngoi tra cn ph thuc vo h s cng sut ca ph ti th
cp
oPh

thuc vo cu to ca bin in p ( Z1 ; Z 2' ) nn

gim sai s ngi ta chn mt dng in trong cc cun
dy v t cm trong mch c gi tr nh hn so vi MBA lc
nhm gim in tr cc cun dy v in p ngn mch ca
bin in p, thng th in p ngn mch bin in p
khong 0.4 n 1 %.
25

oCn

c vo sai s m ngi ta chia lm cc cp chnh xc: 0.2,

0.5, 1, 3, 10.
Cp chnh xc 0.2 dng cc dng c o lng mu
Cp chnh xc 0.5 dng cng t in
Cp chnh xc 1dng o lng cc dng c lp bng
Cp chnh xc 3, 10 dng cc b truyn ng cho CB
i vi h thng bo v rle th ty chnh xc m chn.

26

a.S

ni sao
b.S ni tam gic thiu
c.S b lc p th t khng

27

oTrong

s ni sao c in p pha so
vi t ta phi ni trung tnh xung t. Th
cp ni sao phi c dy N. Nu dy trung tnh
b t th s khng c in p pha so vi t,
m ch c in p pha so vi im trung tnh
ca h thng.
oVi s ny ta c th ly p pha hay
p dy ty .
oC th dng 3 my bin in p o
lng ri hay dng my bin in p 3 pha 5
tr (V nu dng my bin in p 3 tr th
khng c ng i cho t thng th t
khng, lm cho dng t ha ln khi chm t
s gay pht nng.
28

oTrong

s ni tam gic thiu c th ly p dy v p pha so

vi trung im ca p p dy, dng nhiu trong mng trung th.

29

oS

cp ni sao c trung tnh ni t, th cp ni tam gic h v

rle ni vo 2 mi dy h ny ( ly p th t khng).

(U A U B U C ) 3.U 0
U R U a Ub Uc

KU
KU

oKhi

vn hnh bnh thng hay ngn mch nhiu pha th UR = 0.

Tuy nhin thc t th tn ti dng khng cn bng.
oKhi c ngn mch chm t th UR 0.
oTa

c th dng u sao sao tam gic h c th ly c in

p ty thch: pha hay dy

30

oC

th dng my bin p o lng 2 cun th cp u sao sao

tam gic h, nh th ny ta c c in p: pha, dy v th t khng.
oi vi MBA hay MF ta c th ly in p th t khng t
trung tnh nh bin in p o lng

31