Maternal risk factors in children suffered from congenital heart disease

Tommy Nugroho, Dyahris Koentartiwi, Renny Suwarniaty

Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
Background: Incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is 9 in 1000 live births. Ninety
percent of its etiology CHD is multifactor. Many factors such infection, diabetes, chronic
epileptic drugs use also systemic disease has proven as maternal risk factors in children suffered
from CHD.
Objective: To determine maternal risk factors in children suffered from CHD
Method: A retrospective study conducted from April to June 2015 at Pediatric Department of
Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang. We enrolled 30 children who suffered from CHD and diagnosed
based on history taking, physical examination, radiologic examination, confirmed by
echocardiography. We recorded antenatal history, gestational age, infection, systemic disease and
contraceptive method as maternal risk factors.
Results: There were 30 patients included in this study, 60% of patients were female. Fourty three
percents of patients were under 1 year old. Fifty six percents mother had normal antenatal history
and 6% had bleeding during antenatal. Thirty percents of the patients suffered from ventricular
septal defect (VSD). Thirteen percents had birth weight 25003000 grams and 76% had
appropriate gestational age. Only 30% mother had history of contraceptive injection every 3
months and age above 30 years old. One patient had history mother took chronic epileptic drug.
Conclusion: Most patients who suffer from CHD are female, mostly VSD cases, had normal
birthweight and gestational age. Maternal risk factors recorded are mother age above 30 years
old, history of contraceptive injection and chronic epileptic drug use.
Keywords: Congenital heart disease, maternal risk factors.