Somachine Training Manual

Manual Draft 2
SoMachine
Training Manual
SoMachine Version 3.0
Schneider-Electric Pty Ltd

245 route des Lucioles BP147
Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06903
FRANCE
DISCLAIMER
The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or technical characteristics of the performance of the
products contained herein. This documentation is not intended as a substitute for and is not to be used for determining suitability or reliability
of these products for specific user applications. It is the duty of any such user or integrator to perform the appropriate and complete risk
analysis, evaluation and testing of the products with respect to the relevant specific application or use thereof. Neither Schneider Electric nor
any of its affiliates or subsidiaries shall be responsible or liable for misuse of the information contained herein. If you have any suggestions
for improvements or amendments or have found errors in this publication, please notify us.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without
express written permission of Schneider Electric.
All pertinent state, regional, and local safety regulations must be observed when installing and using this product. For reasons of safety and
to help ensure compliance with documented system data, only the manufacturer should perform repairs to components.
When devices are used for applications with technical safety requirements, the relevant instructions must be followed.
Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware products may result in injury, harm, or improper
operating results.
Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage.
2010 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.
TRADEMARKS
Schneider Electric SAS has made every effort to supply trademark information about company names, products and services mentioned in
this manual. Trademarks shown below were derived from various sources.
Windows, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, MSSQL Server and Excel are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
General Notice:
Some product names used in this manual are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.
About Us
Members of Schneiders team of Instructional Designers have tertiary qualifications in Education, Educational Course Development and are
also experienced trainers in their own right; some are also published authors. Currently, the team is supporting a range of over 70 courses in
multiple languages and multiple software environments.
Authors
Alynda Brown, Bruce Howlett, Eric Pauchet
Contributors
David Chapman, Michel Beridot
February 2011 Edition for SoMachine Version 3.0

Manual Draft 2
Written, Printed and bound in France
ii
February 2011
Contents
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO SOMACHINE........................................................... 1-1
Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-1

Safety Information...................................................................................................... 1-2
Before the Course Begins........................................................................................... 1-4
Course Overview...................................................................................................... 1-10
Conventions Used in this Manual ............................................................................ 1-12
CHAPTER 2:
SOMACHINE AT A GLANCE ................................................................... 2-1
Overview .................................................................................................................... 2-1

Introduction to SoMachine......................................................................................... 2-2
System Requirements................................................................................................. 2-3
Features of SoMachine............................................................................................... 2-4
The SoMachine Interface ........................................................................................... 2-6
Home Screen .............................................................................................................. 2-7
General Functions Menu ............................................................................................ 2-9
Project Work Flow ................................................................................................... 2-11
Show Existing Machine ........................................................................................... 2-13
Properties Screen...................................................................................................... 2-17
CHAPTER 3:
PROJECT MANAGEMENT ....................................................................... 3-1
Overview .................................................................................................................... 3-1

New Projects .............................................................................................................. 3-2
Create New Machine.................................................................................................. 3-3
Start with Empty Project ............................................................................................ 3-4
Start with Standard Project......................................................................................... 3-8
Archive Projects ....................................................................................................... 3-12
CHAPTER 4:
NEW PROJECT CREATION ..................................................................... 4-1
Overview .................................................................................................................... 4-1

The Configuration Screen .......................................................................................... 4-2
Display Manager ........................................................................................................ 4-4
Add a Device to a Project........................................................................................... 4-5
Add an Expansion Module to a Device...................................................................... 4-8
SoMachine
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CHAPTER 5:
CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING ............................................................. 5-1
Overview .................................................................................................................... 5-1

Program Screen .......................................................................................................... 5-2
Tasks .......................................................................................................................... 5-8
PLC Program Execution............................................................................................. 5-9
POU Program Creation ............................................................................................ 5-10
Gateway Configuration ............................................................................................ 5-16
Task Configuration................................................................................................... 5-17
PLC Simulator.......................................................................................................... 5-21
CoDeSys Program Languages.................................................................................. 5-26
Watchdog Mechanisms ............................................................................................ 5-36
Structuring an Application ....................................................................................... 5-37
The POU Function ................................................................................................... 5-38
Sample Project.......................................................................................................... 5-44
Global Variables....................................................................................................... 5-47
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February 2011
Chapter 1:
Introduction to SoMachine
Overview
All-in-One Software
SoMachine is OEM machine programming software that provides an all-in-one

software environment designed specifically for OEM machine builders.
SoMachine combines all the necessary elements to:
design
commission
service
OEM machines in a single environment.
This Chapter Covers These Topics:

Safety Information................................................................. 1-2
Before the Course Begins...................................................... 1-4
Course Overview ................................................................. 1-10
Conventions Used in this Manual........................................ 1-12
Safety Information
Important
Information
NOTICE
Read these instructions carefully, and look at the equipment to become familiar
with the device before trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following
special messages may appear throughout this documentation or on the equipment
to warn of potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or
simplifies a procedure.
The addition of this symbol to a Danger or Warning safety label
indicates that an electrical hazard exists, which will result in
personal injury if the instructions are not followed.
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

personal injury hazards. Obey all safety alert messages that
follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death.
DANGER
DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can
result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can
result in minor or moderate injury.
CAUTION
CAUTION, used without the safety alert symbol, indicates a potentially
hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in equipment damage.
1-2
February 2011
Safety Information (cont.)

Important
Information
(cont.)
PLEASE NOTE
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only

by qualified personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any
consequences arising out of the use of this material.
A qualified person is one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction
and operation of electrical equipment and the installation, and has received safety
training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved.
SoMachine
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1-3
Before the Course Begins

Scope of this
Training Manual
This training manual is a supplement to the authorised training. In order to make

proper use of the software students should also refer to the Online Help and
SoMachine Knowledge Base.
The graphics displaying screen shots have been taken using the Windows XP
operating system using Classic mode display properties. If students are running a
different version of Windows then screens may differ slightly from the ones shown
in the training manual.
Some screen shots may have been taken from beta versions of the software and
may vary slightly from release screen shots.
Validity Note
This document has been updated with the release of SoMachine V3.0.
The technical characteristics of the device(s) described in this training manual may
also appear online. To access this information online:
Step
Action
Go the Schneider Electric home page www.schneider-electric.com
In the Search box type the model number of a product or the name of a product
range.
Do not type any blank spaces in the model number.

To get information on a grouping of similar modules, use asterisks (*).
3
If you entered a model number, go to the Product datasheets search results

and click on the model number the interests you.
If you entered the name of a product range, to the Product Ranges search results
and click on the product range that interests you.
If more than one model number appears in the Products search results, click on
the model number that interests you.
Depending on the size of your screen, you may need to scroll down to see the data
sheet.
To save or print a data sheet as a .pdf file, click Download XXX product
datasheet.
The characteristics presented in this manual should be the same as those that
appear online. In line with our policy of constant improvement we may revise
content over time to improve clarity and accuracy. In the event that you see a
difference between the manual and online information, use the online information
as your reference.
1-4
February 2011
Before the Course Begins (cont.)

Product Related
Information
WARNING
UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Only use software approved by Schneider Electric for use with this
equipment.
Update your application program every time you change the physical
hardware configuration.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or

equipment damage.
WARNING
LOSS OF CONTROL
The designer of any control scheme must consider the potential failure
modes of control paths and, for certain critical control functions, provide
a means to achieve a safe state during and after a path failure.
Examples of critical control functions are emergency stop and overtravel
stop, power outage and restart.
Separate or redundant control paths must be provided for critical control

functions.
System control paths may include communication links. Consideration

must be given to the implications of unanticipated transmission delays
or failures of the link.
Observe all accident prevention regulations and local safety guidelines1.
Each implementation of this equipment must be individually and

thoroughly tested for a proper operation before being placed into
service.

equipment damage.
1
For additional information, refer to NEMA ICS 1.1 (latest edition), "Safety
Guidelines for the Application, Installation, and Maintenance of Solid State
Control" and to NEMA ICS 7.1 (latest edition), "Safety Standards for Construction
and Guide for Selection, Installation and Operation of Adjustable-Speed Drive
Systems" or their equivalent governing your particular location.
SoMachine
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1-5

User
Responsibilities
The products specified in this document have been tested under actual service
conditions. Of course, your specific application requirements may be different
from those assumed for this and any related examples described herein. In that
case, you will have to adapt the information provided in this and other related
documents to your particular needs. To do so, you will need to consult the specific
product documentation of the hardware and/or software components that you may
add or substitute for any examples specified in this training documentation. Pay
particular attention and conform to any safety information, different electrical
requirements and normative standards that would apply to your adaptation.
WARNING
REGULATORY INCOMPATIBILITY
Be sure that all equipment applied and systems designed comply with all
applicable local, regional and national regulations and standards.
equipment damage.
The use and application of the information contained herein require expertise in the
design and programming of automated control systems. Only the user or integrator
can be aware of all the conditions and factors present during installation and setup,
operation, and maintenance of the machine or process, and can therefore determine
the automation and associated equipment and the related safeties and interlocks
which can be effectively and properly used. When selecting automation and
control equipment, and any other related equipment or software, for a particular
application, the user or integrator must also consider any applicable local, regional
or national standards and/or regulations.
1-6
February 2011
Before You Begin (cont.)

User
Responsibilities
(cont.)
Some of the major software functions and/ or hardware components used in the
examples described in this training document cannot be substituted without
significantly compromising the performance of your application. Further, any such
substitutions or alterations may completely invalidate any proposed architectures,
descriptions, examples, instructions, wiring diagrams and/or compatibilities
between the various hardware components and software functions specified herein
and in related documentation. You must be aware of the consequences of any
modifications, additions or substitutions. A residual risk, as defined by EN/ISO
12100-1, Article 5, will remain if:
it is necessary to modify the recommended logic and if the added or modified
components are not properly integrated in the control circuit.
you do not follow the required standards applicable to the operation of the
machine, or if the adjustments to and the maintenance of the machine are not
properly made (it is essential to strictly follow the prescribed machine
maintenance schedule).
the devices connected to any safety outputs do not have mechanically-linked
contacts.
CAUTION
EQUIPMENT INCOMPATIBILITY
Read and thoroughly understand all device and software documentation before
attempting any component substitutions or other changes related to the
application examples provided in this document.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in injury or equipment
damage.
SoMachine
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1-7

Start-up and Test
When applying this training and before using electrical control and automation
equipment after design and installation, the application and associated functional
safety system must be subjected to a start-up test by qualified personnel to verify
correct operation of the equipment. It is important that arrangements for such
testing be made and that enough time is allowed to perform complete and
satisfactory testing.
CAUTION
EQUIPMENT OPERATION HAZARD
Verify that all installation and set up procedures have been completed.
Before operational tests are performed, remove all blocks or other

temporary holding means used for shipment from all component
devices.
Remove tools, meters and debris from equipment.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in injury or equipment

damage.
Verify that the completed system, including the functional safety system, is free
from all short circuits and grounds, except those grounds installed according to
local regulations. If high-potential voltage testing is necessary, follow the
recommendations in equipment documentation to help prevent injury or equipment
damage.
1-8
February 2011

Operation and
Adjustments
Regardless of the care exercised in the design and manufacture of equipment or in

the selection and ratings of components, there are hazards that can be encountered
if such equipment is improperly installed and operated.
In some applications, such as packaging machinery, additional operator protection
such as point-of-operation guarding must be provided. This is necessary if the
hands and other parts of the body are free to enter the pinch points or other
hazardous areas where serious injury can occur. Software products alone cannot
protect an operator from injury. For this reason, the software cannot be substituted
for or take the place of point-of-operation protection.
WARNING
UNGUARDED MACHINERY CAN CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY
Do not use this software and related automation equipment on

equipment which does not have point-of-operation protection.
Do not reach into machinery during operation.

equipment damage.
Ensure that appropriate safeties and mechanical/electrical interlocks related to

point-of-operation protection have been installed and are operational before placing
the equipment into service. All interlocks and safeties related to point-of-operation
protection must be coordinated with the related automation equipment and software
programming.
Note:
Coordination of safeties and mechanical/electrical interlocks for point-of-operation

protection is outside the scope of the examples and implementations suggested in
this training documentation.
It is sometimes possible to adjust the equipment incorrectly and may produce
unsatisfactory or unsafe operation. Always use the manufacturer instructions as a
guide to functional adjustments. Personnel who have access to these adjustments
must be familiar with the equipment manufacturer instructions and the machinery
used with the electrical equipment.
SoMachine
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1-9
Course Overview
Course
Objectives
By the completion of this training course you will:

Be able to create a new SoMachine project
Be able to connect to a Controller
Be able to create a simple Programmable Organisation Unit
Target Audience
The SoMachine training course is an integral part of the complete Schneider

Electric curriculum. This course is designed for:
Users who are new to SoMachine
1-10
February 2011
Course Overview (cont.)

Course Program
The training course will take one day to complete. The following program outlines
the topics that will be covered on each day:
Day
1
Topics
SoMachine at a Glance
Project Management
Controller I/O Configuration
Controller Programming
SoMachine
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1-11
Conventions Used in this Manual

Objectives
These are the skills you will achieve by the end of each chapter. An overview
providing a brief synopsis of the topic begins each section. Often, examples are
given to illustrate the conceptual overview.
Example The SoMachine configuration environment consists of several toolbars, browser

windows and programming editors. This chapter introduces the user to the
configuration environment using an example project with pre-defined elements.
Exercises
After a concept is explained you will be given exercises that practise the skills you
just learned. These exercises begin by explaining the general concept of each
exercise and then step-by-step procedures are listed to guide you through each
procedure.
Example Paste a genie from a library in the Include project onto a test page called Utility.
1
Run the Milk_Upgrade project then trigger and view some alarms.
i.
User Input
Use the following template settings:
Whenever information is to be typed into a field or dialog box it will be written in

this font:
Example KETTLE_TEMP/25
Note that some exercises will show a fragment of information already typed into a
SoMachine screen and then ask students to add extra lines of configuration. In this
instance, the previously entered material will be given to the student as pale grey
italic text:
KETTLE_TEMP/25
OVEN_TEMP/5
1-12
February 2011
Conventions Used in this Manual (cont.)

Hints & Tips
This heading will provide you with useful or helpful information
Example Hints & Tips

To go to the next field, use the mouse cursor or press the TAB key.
A note will refer to a feature which may not be obvious at first glance but
something that always should be kept in mind.
Note
Example Note:
Any events named GLOBAL are enabled automatically when events are enabled.
Menus and Menu
Options
Text separated by the double arrow symbol indicates that you are to select a
menu
Example File New
Open a menu File then select the menu option New

Horizontal and
Vertical Tabs
Text written this way indicates the Horizontal then the (Vertical) tab you are to
select.
Example Appearance (General)
SoMachine
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Conventions Used in this Manual (cont.)

Text written in this way indicates further references about the current topic.
See Also
Example See Also:
For further information about Templates, see SoMachine Help - Using Page
Templates.
Further Training
This heading describes topics that are covered in more advanced courses.
Example Further Training:
Trend Table Maths is a topic in the SoMachine Customisation and Design

Course.
This heading describes situations where the user needs to be careful.
Caution
Example -
CAUTION
UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Verify that all installation and set up procedures have been completed.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.
1-14
February 2011
Chapter 2:
SoMachine at a Glance
Overview
Introduction
SoMachine is a professional, efficient and open OEM software solution that

develops, configures and commissions the entire machine in a single environment
including logic, motor control, HMI and related network automation functions.

Introduction to SoMachine .................................................... 2-2
System Requirements ............................................................ 2-3
Features of SoMachine .......................................................... 2-4
The SoMachine Interface ...................................................... 2-6
Home Screen ......................................................................... 2-7
General Functions Menu ....................................................... 2-9
Project Work Flow .............................................................. 2-11
Show Existing Machine....................................................... 2-13
Properties Screen ................................................................. 2-17
OEM Solution
Software
One Machine
Environment
SoMachine in
Flexible Machine
Control
2-2
February 2011
System Requirements
Before the
Installation of
SoMachine
Before installing SoMachine the computer that will be used as the Server needs to
be configured. SoMachine has been designed for machines with the following
specifications:
Hardware
Requirements
The computer equipment may need to be upgraded to run SoMachine Version 3.0,
as the minimum hardware requirements have changed:
Description
Minimum Specification
Recommended
Processor
Pentium V, 1.8 GHz, Pentium M,

1.0 GHz or equivalent
Pentium V, 3.0 GHz, Pentium

M, 1.5 GHz or equivalent
Random Access
Memory (RAM)
2 GB
3 GB
Available Disk
Space
3.5 GB including the memory

4 GB
space for the software installation,
temporary space for execution and
space for saving applications
Drive
DVD Reader
DVD Reader
Display
Resolution: 1024 x 786 pixels
Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels
Peripherals
Mouse or compatible pointing

device
USB interface
Web Access
Web registration requires internet

access system
Software
Requirements
SoMachine Component
Minimum System Software
Operating System
The SoMachine software supports 1 of the

following operating systems:
Microsoft Windows XP Professional

Service Pack 2 and Service Pack 3
Microsoft Windows Vista Home Basic
Microsoft Windows Vista Service Pack
1
SoMachine
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2-3
Features of SoMachine
Standard
Languages
SoMachine includes, as standard, 6 IEC (International Electrotechnical

Commission) languages which are compliant with IEC 61131-3. Depending on
requirements, the application may use any mixture of these different languages.
Function Block Diagram (FBD)
Sequential Functional Chart (SFC)
Structured Text (ST)
Instruction List (IL)
Ladder (LD)
Continous Function Chart (CFC)
Controller
Programming
Services
User Created Function Blocks (FBs)

User Created Functions
Data Unit Type (DUTs)
On-line changes
Watch windows
Graphical monitoring of variables (trace)
Breakpoints, step-by-step execution
Simulation
Visualization for application and machine set-up
HMI Based
Services
Graphics libraries containing more than 4000 2D and 3D objects.

Simple drawing objects (points, line, rectangles, ellipses, etc )
Preconfigured objects (button, switch, bar graph, etc )
Recipes (32 groups of 256 recipes with max. 1024 ingredients)
Action tables
Alarms
Printing
Java scripts
Multimedia file support: wav, png, jpg, emf, bmp
Variable trending
Motion Services
Embeded devices configuration and commissioning

CAM profile editor
Sample application trace
Motion and drive function blocks libraries for inverters, servos and steppers
Visualization screens
2-4
February 2011
Features of SoMachine (cont.)

Global Services
User access and profile

Project documentation printing
Project comparison (control)
Variable sharing based on publish/subscribe mechanism
Library version management
Integrated
Fieldbus
Configurators
Master:
-
CANopen
CANmotion
Modbus Serial Line
AS-interface
Connectivity:
Application
Libraries
Profibus-DP
Ethernet IP
Modbus TCP
General:
-
PLCopen function blocks for Motion control
Segment Solutions:
SoMachine
Packaging function blocks
Conveying function blocks
Hoisting function blocks
Manual Draft 2
2-5
The SoMachine Interface

How to Start
SoMachine
To start SoMachine:
Select the SoMachine item from the Windows start menu:
Start Programs Schneider Electric SoMachine SoMachine
or
Double click the SoMachine icon on the desktop
2-6
February 2011
Home Screen
Visual Graphical
User Interface
Navigation within SoMachine is intuitive and highly visual. The GUI is optimised
in such a way that the appropriate tools become available as you enter different
development stages of your project. The user interface ensures nothing is
overlooked, and suggests the tasks to be performed throughout the project
development cycle. The workspace has been streamlined, so that only that which is
necessary and relevant to the current task is featured, without any superfluous
information.
Main Selection
Screen
After successful startup SoMachine displays the main selection screen with the
open Home screen that provides access to the functions.
SoMachine
General Functions Menu
Hide/View Handle
Task Selection Pane
Work Area
Online Help
Language Selection Menu
Information Pane
Manual Draft 2
2-7
Home Screen (cont.)

Tasks of the
Home Screen
The task selection pane on the left-hand side of the main selection screen groups
the SoMachine functions in folders according to the tasks that can be performed.
Tasks of the Home Screen
Commands Provided
Show existing machine
This folder provides commands for opening an

already existing SoMachine project
Browse for existing project
Locate a project previously created in SoMachine
Create new machine
This folder provides commands for creating a new

SoMachine project either from scratch or by using a
template project
Machine workflow
This folder provides commands that are especially

dedicated to commissioning a machine. Further
commands that are beyond commissioning tasks are
not available from this folder
Learning Center
This folder provides further information on

SoMachine. This information includes:
a quick overview
an eLearning
examples
2-8
February 2011

How to Gain
Access to the
Menu
SoMachine
To gain access to the General Functions Menu:

Click the SoMachine icon that is always visible in the upper left corner of the
SoMachine window.
Manual Draft 2
2-9
General Functions Menu (cont.)

Tasks of the
General
Functions Menu
The General Functions Menu provides the following commands:
Command
Description
Home
Execute this command to return to the Home screen, that is the main
selection screen.
Save
Execute this command to save the changes to the current project.
Save As
Execute this command to save the current project to a different location

or under a different name. A standard Windows Save Project dialog
box is displayed that allows users to browse to the new folder and / or
enter the new file name.
Save/Send
archive
Execute this command to create an archive file of the SoMachine project

that is currently open and:
to save the archive file to a connected drive by using the Save button
of the Project Archive dialog box
or
to create a temporary archive file that is attached to an empty e-mail

by using the Send button of the Project Archive dialog box. This
e-mail is automatically created by SoMachine if the Messaging
Application Programming Interface (MAPI) is correctly installed.
Preferences
Execute this command to define:
the Preferred Path where SoMachine projects are saved

the Online Polling Interval (ms) that is the time span that has to
elapse between 2 attempts to poll the connected devices
Advanced Options including Autosave
2-10
Help
Execute this command to open the SoMachine online help.
About
Execute this command to open the About dialog box that provides
information about the currently installed SoMachine.
Exit
Execute this command to close SoMachine.
February 2011
Project Work Flow

Optimised
Project
Development
The SoMachine user interface is optimised to be intuitive and highly visual. With
the help of the navigation tabs a project workflow is ensured and nothing will be
overlooked.
After starting a project the user is asked to fill in the Properties with useful
information for project identification.
After defining the scope of the project the user creates a Configuration with at
least one controller. The graphical configuration screen makes it easy to establish
the hardware with additional modules, e.g. an additional controller, an HMI or
fieldbus communication.
SoMachine
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2-11
Project Work Flow (cont.)

Optimised
Project
Development
(cont.)
The Program tab opens the project for programming and application development.
All CoDeSys functionalities are available in this area.
The Commissioning tab provides online access to the controller and the connected
devices for monitoring device status and the user is able to download the
application(s) or update the firmware.
2-12
February 2011
Show Existing Machine

Commands of the
Task
The Show existing machine task allows users to open an existing project.
The Task includes the following commands:
Browse for existing project
Extract archive
How to Open an
Existing Project
The work area provides quick access to the four SoMachine projects that have been
opened most recently.
To open an existing project:

Double click the project's thumbnail in the Work area
or
Select the project in the Work area and click the Open button in the Project
Information pane. The project will open at the Properties screen for assigning
further information.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
2-13
Show Existing Machine (cont.)

How to Browse
for an Existing
Project
To Browse for an existing project:

Click the Show existing machine item in the Task pane, then click Browse for
existing project item in the Task pane
Search the directory tree in the left pane for the folder that contains the existing
project then double click the project icon in the Work area
or
Select the project in the Work area and click the Open button in the Project
Information pane
2-14
February 2011
Exercise - Browse for an Existing Project

1
Open an Example Project.

i.
Launch SoMachine.
ii.
When the Home screen appears click the Show existing machine
item in the Task pane, then click Browse for existing project item
in the Task pane
iii.
Search the directory tree in the left pane for the folder that contains
the existing project examples. If the default path has been installed
this will be
C:\Program Files\Schneider Electric\SoMachine\CoDeSys\

NewGUI\Learning Center\Examples\en
SoMachine
iv.
Select the folder 04-Traffic lights.
v.
Double click the Traffic lights.project thumbnail.
Manual Draft 2
2-15
Exercise - Browse for an Existing Project (cont.)

vi.
2-16
When the project is opened SoMachine will display the project in the
General Properties tab.
Return to the Home screen.
February 2011
Properties Screen
Additional
Project
Information
The Properties screen allows users to enter additional project information. The
textual and graphical information entered here is optional. As this information is
always displayed in the information pane for the project selected in the work area,
it helps to identify the individual projects, avoiding the need to open them. This
screen is only displayed after a project has been opened.
The Properties screen provides the following tasks:

General
Description
Custom Information
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
2-17
Properties Screen (cont.)

Tasks of the
General Screen
The task selection pane on the left-hand side of the properties screen groups the
SoMachine functions in folders according to the tasks that can be performed.
Tasks of the
Properties Screen
Commands Provided
General Task
The General task allows users to save the project file to a

different location or under a different name and provides the
option to add author information. The work area provides the
following sections:
File Information
Author Information
File Information
The section File Information displays the name of the

project file and the folder it is saved in. To save the project to
a different location or under a different name, click the Save
as button, navigate to the preferred folder, and save the
project file.
Author Information
The section Author Information provides entry fields for

optional information the author considers relevant. The
entries are displayed in the section Project Information on
the right side of the screen.
To save the information entered in the Properties screen, click
the SoMachine icon and select Save from the General
Functions Menu
Description Task
2-18
The Description task allows users to add an image to the

project. This optional customer image helps users to identify
the project
February 2011

Description Task
The Description task allows users to add an image to the project. This optional
customer image helps users to identify the project.
The work area provides the Add button to add a preferred Customer Image to the
SoMachine project and displays the Configuration View corresponding to the
settings in the Configuration screen. After an image has been added to the project
Change and Remove buttons are provided.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
2-19

Custom
Information Task
The Custom Information task allows users to customise project information that
they may consider relevant. The screen provides entry fields for custom
information as well as a button to add attachments to the project.
Methods of Using
the Interface
Many actions have more than one way of being invoked. For example, a typical
action will be invoked by:
Click a tool on a toolbar
Select a menu item from the main menu
Use a keyboard shortcut
Right click inside a window and select an item from a context sensitive menu
This manual, frequently demonstrates only one method of performing an action.
This is not because this is necessarily best method, but because it is too time
consuming and unnecessary to show all possible methods. Your instructor will
encourage the use of a variety of methods.
2-20
February 2011
Exercise - Examine the User Interface

1
SoMachine
Create a new project based on one of the existing examples.

i.
Use the Windows Explorer to create a new folder named C:\Class.
ii.
Return to the Home screen and click the Learning Center item in
the left pane.
iii.
Click the Examples item from the expanded menu.
iv.
Double click the 04-Traffic lights thumbnail then the Traffic

lights.project thumbnail.
v.
When the Save Project As dialog appears save the project as

MyTraffic then click the Save button.
vi.
Save the project as MyTraffic in the C:\Class directory.
Manual Draft 2
2-21
Exercise - Examine the User Interface (cont.)

2
2-22
Examine the interface using an example project.

i.
The new project opens at the Properties screen.
ii.
Click the Configuration tab then select the device in the Work area
to display the description in the Information pane.
February 2011

iii.
Navigate the Devices pane.

i.
SoMachine
Select the Program tab.
If the tree branches are closed they may be expanded by clicking the
plus (+) sign next to each object. Double click the Library Manager
item. This opens the Library Manager Editor which displays all the
defined libraries in this PLC.
Manual Draft 2
2-23

4
2-24
Examine the objects in the Example project.

i.
Double click the Visualization object.
ii.
The toolbars are context sensitive. When the Visualisation is the

focus window a graphic editor toolbar will appear underneath the
main toolbar.
iii.
Click the Library Manager tab and the graphic toolbar will disappear.
February 2011

5
SoMachine
Run the project.

i.
Select Online Simulation from the menu to place the project into
Simulation mode.
ii.
Select Online Login to log in to the simulator.
iii.
Since there is no program in the simulator, the following message

will appear. Click Yes.
iv.
The operator interface shows that the program is connected.
Manual Draft 2
2-25
2-26
v.
Select Online Start to start the controller.
vi.
Type the name of one of the countries into the input field and press
ENTER.
vii.
Click the Start/Stop Sequence button.
February 2011

viii.
Examine all of the objects in the Devices pane.
ix.
6
SoMachine
Double click the Light_Sequences (FB) POU in the Devices tree to

open the POU. Observe the values changing.
Shutdown the runtime.

i.
Select Online Stop.
ii.
Select Online Logout.
iii.
Select Online Simulation to disable Simulation Mode.
Manual Draft 2
2-27
Chapter 3:
Project Management
Overview
Introduction
SoMachine allows the user to perform fundamental tasks such as creating,

exporting and importing projects. There are also other project management tools
such as archiving which create a highly compressed version of the project.
The implemented project management principle allows users to browse the existing
projects quickly getting the relevant information without the need to open them
before selection.
The user can create a new project, starting from several means: using Tested
Validated and Documented Architectures, using the provided examples, using an
existing project or from scratch. There is quick access to the most recently-used
projects.

New Projects.......................................................................... 3-2
Create New Machine ............................................................. 3-3
Start with Empty Project ....................................................... 3-4
Start with Standard Project.................................................... 3-8
Archive Projects .................................................................. 3-12
New Projects
First Step in the
Configuration
The first step when configuring SoMachine is to create a new project. The project
is where all information is stored.
SoMachine facilitates project creation by providing different project templates.
The project templates are categorised in four groups:
Project Template Group
Description
Empty Projects
Empty project, empty library and projects with a

predefined controller
Generic Implementations
Generic project shells, including controller, HMI, field

devices and functions - tested, validated and documented
Conveying
Implementations
Project shells dedicated to conveying, including

controller, HMI, field devices and application functions tested, validated and documented
Packaging Implementations Project shells dedicated to packaging, including

controller, HMI, field devices and applied functions tested, validated and documented
Configure
Projects
SoMachine provides tools that assist users in creating new projects quickly and
easily.
It provides for project startup:
a variety of preferred implementations. A dedicated TVDA Finder tool (Tested
Validated Documented Architectures) assists users in selecting the preferred
implementation that best suits individual projects.
a variety of application projects for conveying, hoisting, and packaging that
provide basic configurations for these applications.
some examples that provide basic projects for making yourself familiar with
SoMachine.
Once the project is created, SoMachine provides extensive possibilities to add
textual and graphical information to each project file. This additional information
enables users to distinguish projects avoiding the need to open them when they
have to select the suitable project out of those that are available on the computer.
For easy configuration of the project, SoMachine provides a graphical
configuration editor that allows users to add and configure the requested devices in
a comfortable way.
3-2
February 2011
Create New Machine

Create New
Machine
Commands
The Create new machine menu allows users to create a new project either from
scratch or by using a project template.
It includes the following commands:

Start with empty project
Start with standard project
Start with TVD architecture
Start with application
Start with existing project
Start with example
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
3-3
Start with Empty Project

The Empty
Project
Command
How to Create an
Empty Project
The Start with empty project command allows users to create a new project from
scratch without any preconfigured devices or settings. The command opens a Save
Project As dialog box where users can browse to the destination folder and assign
a name to the new project.
To create an empty project:

Click the Start with empty project menu item
When the Save Project As dialog opens browse for a location using the Save in:
field
Create a name for the project in the Filename: field then click Save.
3-4
February 2011
Exercise - Create a New Empty Project

1
SoMachine
Create a new Empty Project.

i.
Click the Create new machine item in the left pane.
ii.
Click the Start with empty project item from the expanded menu.
iii.
When the Save Project As dialog appears use the Save in: field to
navigate to the C:\Class folder. Use the File name: field to name
the project Empty.project then click the Save button.
Manual Draft 2
3-5
Exercise - Create a New Empty Project (cont.)

iv.
3-6
When the project is created SoMachine will display the project in the
General Properties tab.
February 2011
Exercise - Create a New Empty Project (cont.)

2
SoMachine
Examine the project settings.

i.
Click the Configuration tab. There are no devices selected.
ii.
Click the Program tab. The Devices pane is also empty. When a
device is added to the project the devices pane will be populated
with standard references.
Manual Draft 2
3-7
Start with Standard Project

The Standard
Project
Command
How to Start
with a Standard
Project
The Start with standard project command allows users to create a new project on
the basis of a specified PLC. SoMachine provides a variety of PLCs that can be
used as templates to create individual projects.
To create a standard project:

Click the Start with standard project menu item
Select the device from the Device: drop down list then click the Create Project
button.
3-8
February 2011
Exercise - Create a New Standard Project

1
SoMachine
Create a new project based on a specific PLC.

i.
At the Home screen click the Create new machine item in the left
pane.
ii.
Click the Start with standard project item from the expanded menu.
iii.
Select the device TM238LFDC24DT from the Device: drop down list.
Change the default name of the POU Name: to MyPOU. Click the
Create Project button.
Manual Draft 2
3-9
Exercise - Create a New Standard Project (cont.)

iv.
When the Save Project As dialog appears use the Save in: field to
navigate to the C:\Class folder. Use the File name: field to name
the project Standard.project then click the Save button.
Examine the project settings.

i.
3-10
Open the Configuration tab. Select the controller to display the

description in the Information tab.
February 2011
Exercise - Create a New Standard Project (cont.)

ii.
SoMachine
Open the Program tab. Select each of the objects in the Devices
pane to view the objects that have populated this pane. Compare
this with the Devices pane in the Empty project.
Save the project.
Manual Draft 2
3-11
Archive Projects
Save the
Compiled Project
A project Archive is a very compressed version of the project. The compression

rate can result in a file that is more than one fiftieth the size of the project file.
Archiving is similar to exporting except that it saves the compiled application. The
consequences of this is that the user cannot archive a project until a successful
compile can be completed. Until this is possible it is necessary to export.
Archive
Properties
A project Archive is saved with the extension .ProjectArchive. The

ProjectArchive file contains:
The PLC binary
The Upload information, i.e. Comments and Animation tables
The Operator Screens
How to Create an
Archive
To create an archive:
Select File Project Archive Save/Send Archive from the main menu. Enter
desired path for the archive file when prompted.
Note:
Archiving is possible only if the project was compiled and when the Upload
information has been included, when it contains at least the comments.
3-12
February 2011
Exercise - Archive Projects

1
Archive the project.

i.
Open one of the previous projects. Select File Project Archive

Save/Send Archive from the main menu.
ii.
Select the following information then click the Save... button.
iii.
Save the file as .projectarchive.
iv.
Open Windows Explorer and compare the size of the two files
.project and .projectarchive.
SoMachine
v.
Which file is larger? ______________________________
vi.
Why? _________________________________________
Manual Draft 2
3-13
Chapter 4:
New Project Creation
Overview
Introduction
The Configuration screen is only displayed after a SoMachine project has been
opened.
The screen consists of a graphical configuration editor that provides necessary
functions to perform the entire hardware and network configuration of the machine.
The configuration settings performed here will also be available in the controller
and Vijeo Designer Program screen

The Configuration Screen...................................................... 4-2
Display Manager ................................................................... 4-4
Add a Device to a Project...................................................... 4-5
Add an Expansion Module to a Device................................. 4-8
The Configuration Screen

Configuration
Screen Interface
4-2
The graphical Configuration Editor provides necessary functions to perform the

entire hardware and network configuration of your machine in a graphical way.
Hide/View Handle
Task Selection Pane
Work Area
Online Help
Display Manager
Information Pane
February 2011
The Configuration Screen (cont.)

Task Selection
Pane
The Task Selection pane of the Configuration tab lists the devices that may be
added to the configuration in the graphical configuration editor grouped by type
into Logic Controller, HMI Controller, and other categories of devices.
When a new project is created from scratch, the work area of the graphical
Configuration Editor will be empty. The work area will display a prompt for the
user to drag a device from the list in the left pane into this empty area.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
4-3
Display Manager
Functions of the
Display Manager
To simplify the use of the graphical Configuration Editor a Display Manager is

provided at the bottom of the pane.
The display manager contains the following functions:
Display Manager Item Description
4-4
Zoom
The Zoom slider controls the magnification of the graphical

configuration editor
100%
The 100% button returns the display of the elements in the

graphical configuration editor to their original size
Show All
The Show All button displays the elements available in the

graphical configuration editor
Reroute
The Reroute button redraws the connecting lines between

the items
Reroute On Drop
Activate this function to redraw the connecting lines

between the items with every new device that is dragged into
the graphical configuration editor
Coll All
The Coll All button collapses the subdevices that are

expansion modules
Exp Last
The Exp Last button expands the subdevices

(expansion modules) of the last device that was
selected
Exp All
The Exp All button expands all subdevices that are

expansion modules
February 2011
Add a Device to a Project

How to Add a
Device
To add a device:
Select the device in this list and drag it to the work area. Notice the device
description on the right, designed to help you make the correct selection.
When the device has been added to the work area a graphical representation of the
device is displayed.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
4-5
Add a Device to a Project (cont.)

How to Search
for a Device
To assist in finding the suitable device icon, SoMachine provides a Search

function.
To search for a device:

Enter the name of the device in the text box surrounded by asterisks and click the
Search button.
SoMachine will return a list of devices meeting the search phrase that was entered
or will display a message indicating that no devices were found.
4-6
February 2011
Exercise - Add a Device to an Empty Project

1
SoMachine
Use the Configuration Screen to add a device to an empty Project.

i.
Return to the Home Screen and open the Empty.project created in

Exercise - Create a New Empty Project (page 3-5).
ii.
Open the Configuration Screen.
iii.
Use the Search function to locate the controller TM238LFDC24DT.

Enter the name of the device into the Search field then click the
Search button.
iv.
Drag and Drop the controller TM238LFDC24DT into the work area.
v.
When the device has been added to the work area a graphical
representation of the device is displayed.
Save the project and return to the Home Screen.
Manual Draft 2
4-7
Add an Expansion Module to a Device

How to Add a
Digital
Expansion
Module
To add an expansion module to a device:

Click the Add Expansion hot spot on the device.
Select a module from the Add object dialog then click Add and close. Notice the
Information panel displays information on the selected device. This helps the user
to select the correct device
4-8
February 2011
Exercise - Add an Expansion Module

1
SoMachine
Use the Configuration Screen to add an expansion module to a

device.
i.
Return to the project created in Exercise - Add a Device to an

Empty Project (page 4-7).
ii.
Open the Configuration screen where the device created in the

previous exercise will be displayed.
iii.
Click the Add Expansion hot spot on the device.
iv.
When the hot spot is clicked the Add Object dialog will open.
Manual Draft 2
4-9
Exercise - Add an Expansion Module (cont.)
v.
Click the (+) next to the Digital Expansion Modules branch then
the Inputs branch and select the TM2DA18DT module. Notice that
when the module is selected the Information pane give a description
of the module
vi.
Click the Add and close button to add the module to the device
Save the project.

i.
4-10
Open the Devices tab and click the Save Project
button.
February 2011
Chapter 5:
Controller Programming
Overview
Introduction
Over a period of ten to fifteen years PLC Programming languages developed

independently from each other. Control applications developed their own
proprietary languages based on Ladder programming, C, BASIC and many others.
Since all of these languages were different the people who needed to use these
languages had to spend a great deal of time learning each language.
During the early 1990s the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
developed a standard for all PLCs called IEC 61131. IEC 61131-3 (Part 3) was
developed in 1993. This part of the standard is concerned with the PLC
programming languages.
SoMachine is able to use the five IEC standard languages. These are Sequential
Function Chart (SFC) language and four inter-operable programming languages:,
Ladder Diagram (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD), Structured Text (ST)
and Instruction List (IL). SoMachine is also able to use the programming
language Continuous Function Chart (CFC)
SFC is mainly used to control highly sequential processes, like repetitive machine
operations. This is properly referred to as a state machine. It can also be used as a
supervisory control mechanism.

Program Screen ..................................................................... 5-2
Tasks...................................................................................... 5-8
PLC Program Execution........................................................ 5-9
POU Program Creation........................................................ 5-10
Gateway Configuration ....................................................... 5-16
Task Configuration.............................................................. 5-17
PLC Simulator ..................................................................... 5-21
CoDeSys Program Languages............................................. 5-26
Watchdog Mechanisms ....................................................... 5-36
Structuring an Application .................................................. 5-37
The POU Function............................................................... 5-38
Sample Project..................................................................... 5-44
Global Variables.................................................................. 5-47
Program Screen
Devices Window
The Program screen is displayed when a SoMachine project is opened. It provides

access to the CoDeSys programming environment. Any configuration settings that
were already performed in the Configuration screen are displayed in the Devices
view and can be modified, deleted and / or added here. Any changes performed in
this view will also be available in the Configuration screen.
The Devices window consists of four main nodes. Configuration screens are
accessed by double clicking on the node in the device tree. The four main nodes
are:
Area
Description
Controller
PLC type and PLC configuration
Program
All parts of the PLCs program
Embedded Functions
functions built into the M238
I/O (fast & normal I/O),

HSC high speed counter,
PTO and PWM (pulse train output, pulse width
modulation)
Communication
Communication ports to external devices
Advantys
CAN devices
Servo & Stepper drives
etc.
5-2
February 2011
Program Screen (cont.)

Gateway
In order to connect to a M238 controller, a Gateway must be defined and set to be

the active path. The Gateway is defined in the Communications tab in the
Controller section of SoMachine.
Other configuration items in the Controller section include:
Item
Description
Applications
Displays list of applications on the PLC
PLC Settings
Name of application running IO, output behavior when in

STOP mode
Services
Set time in PLC. Firmware rev, Boot version

Real time in the PLC can be set
SoMachine
Status
Status of PLC and expansion bus
Information
Information about connected PLC model
Manual Draft 2
5-3

Program Section
The Program Section contains several items:
Application
-
All parts of the PLCs program
GVL (Global Variable List)

-
Declaration of global variables. Variables visible between all programs in

project.
3 GVL lists per project is the maximum allowed
Library Manager
-
Add optional libraries to current project or create your own custom library
Libraries provide the following items that are executed in the runtime
system of the automation device:
Functions and function blocks
Datatype definitions
Global variables
Visualization objects
Programs (PRG) and Functions(FUN)

-
Named POU (Program Organizational Unit). User created program

sections or functions in the current project. May be created in any of the
six IEC supported languages.
Task Configuration
-
5-4
Controls the execution of the programs in the project. MAST created by

system when you start a new project
February 2011

Embedded
Functions
IO
-
Configuration of the M238s internal I/O. The M238 has 6 discrete inputs,
8 fast inputs, 6 discrete outputs, 4 fast outputs
HSC
-
SoMachine
Configuration of the built-in high speed counter. The HSC function can
execute fast counts of pulses from sensors, encoders, switches, etc. The
HSC is independent of the M238 scan time.
Manual Draft 2
5-5

Embedded
Functions (cont.)
PTO_PWM
-
Configuration of the pulse train output or pulse width modulation outputs.
The PTO function provides a square wave output for a specified number of pulses
and a specified cycle time.
The PTO function can be implemented in two different modes:
-
one train of pulses
a pulse profile (multiple trains of pulses).
Two PTO channels are available on the Modicon M238 controller. Each PTO
channel is associated to 2 fast outputs and 1 standard input:
PWM uses a square wave whose duty cycle is modulated resulting in the variation
of the average value of the waveform.
Two PWM channels are the maximum possible.
5-6
February 2011

Communication
Depending on the M238 model, there are either:

-
One serial port, no Can Master or
Two Serial ports, one Can Master
By default, the TM238LFDC24DT device is preconfigured as follows:

-
Serial Line 1: Modbus manager
Serial Line 2: SoMachine - Network manager
Serial1/Serial2 RS232/485, RTU/ASCII

-
Program download, HMI interface, other services are possible
CANbus
-
connect remote CANopen devices
SoMachine
16 remote devices are possible
Manual Draft 2
5-7
Tasks
Task Basics
A Task is a group of sections and subroutines, executed cyclically or periodically

for the MAST task, and periodically for the FAST task (cyclic task with a
periodicity smaller than that of the MAST task).
Task Configuration allows the definition of one or several tasks to control the
execution of an application program. Tasks control the execution of the
application.
The M238 allows the configuration of up to seven tasks with the restrictions listed
below.
There are Five types of tasks:
Cyclic (3 max) - executed on a time scheduleevery 50ms
Event (2 Max) - executed on L -> H transition of trigger on event tag
Freewheeling (1 Max) starts with program and cycles, no specific time
External Event (4 Max) (not in menu) executed when designated system
event is TRUE. Example - embedded input = ON or OFF or Both
See Also:
For further information about Maximum Number of Tasks for each platform, see
SoMachine Help - and search for Maximum Number of Tasks.
Task Triggering
Tasks may be triggered by:
a time (cyclic, freewheeling)

an internal or external event
-
the rising edge of a global project variable
an interrupt event of the controller
the combination of priority and condition determine the order that the tasks
will be executed
5-8
February 2011
PLC Program Execution

PLC Program
Cycle
The diagram above describes a PLC Program cycle.

Local I/O - processed by the tasks which use them (Task MAST, Task Namexxx,).
Expansion Module I/O - processed by the MAST task only, not by other tasks
if they exist
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-9
POU Program Creation

Program
Organization
Units (POU)
The Devices window allows users to add POUs (Program Organization Units) to
the application. A POU is an object in SoMachine where programming code is
written.
The different types of POU are:
5-10
POU Type
Description
Program
Returns one or several values during operation. All values are retained
from the last time the program was run until the next. It can be called
by another POU.
Function Block
Provides one or more values during the processing of a program. As

opposed to a function, the values of the output variables and the
necessary internal variables shall persist from one execution of the
function block to the next. So invocation of a function block with the
same arguments (input parameters) need not always yield the same
output values.
Function
Yields exactly one data element (which can consist of several

elements, such as fields or structures) when it is processed. The call in
textual languages can occur as an operator in expressions.
February 2011
POU Program Creation (cont.)

How to Create a
POU
SoMachine
To create a POU:
Right click Application and select Add Object POU from the menu.
Manual Draft 2
5-11
POU Program Creation (cont.)

How to Create a
POU (cont.)
Enter a Name and an Implementation Language.
All POUs are created in this manner. When finished, they must be scheduled to
run by assigning them to a Task.
5-12
February 2011
Exercise - Create a POU

1
SoMachine
Use the Program screen to create a POU.

i.
Return to the Home Screen and open the Empty.project created in

Exercise - Create a New Empty Project (page 3-5).
ii.
Open the Program Screen.
iii.
Right click the Application node and select Add Object POU from
the menu.
Manual Draft 2
5-13
Exercise - Create a POU (cont.)
5-14
iv.
When the Add POU dialog opens type the name POU_ST in the
Name: field then select Structured Text (ST) in the Implementation
Language: field. Click the Open button when complete.
v.
The Devices pane will display the new POU and the Work area will
be open ready for the user to enter the new program.
vi.
Click the Save Program

project.
button on the main toolbar to save the
February 2011
Exercise - Create a POU (cont.)

2
Create a program to calculate the average of three variables.

i.
Return to the Devices pane and double click the POU_ST item to
open the programming editor.
ii.
Create four INT variables shown between the VAR and END_VAR.
These are local variables and are only usable in this POU. Be careful
with the syntax.
iii.
Add the code shown in the lower window.
Click the Save Project
button on the main toolbar to save the POU.
SoMachine
Save the project.
Manual Draft 2
5-15
Gateway Configuration
How to Add a
USB Gateway
To add a USB Gateway:

If the PC is connected to the controller, you can double click the controller to
access the Communication Settings.
If no gateway is present, you can use the Add gateway... button to add one. You
can also configure multiple gateways but only one can be active at a time. When
the Set active path button is pressed, the path visualisation changes from normal
to bold.
Use the Set active path button to select the active gateway. When the Set active
path button is pressed, the path visualisation changes from normal to bold.
5-16
February 2011
Task Configuration
How to
Configure a Task
To Configure a Task:
A POU_ST is added to MAST Function.
Priority Define the priority of the current task (0 is the highest priority, 31 is the
lowest priority).
Type Define the type of task
Cyclic - execute cyclically according to the period defined.
Event start on rising edge of the variable associated to trigger the event
External Event start on rising edge of the trigger input for the event.
Freewheeling - execute at start program. At the end of a cycle run, the task
is automatically restarted in a continuous loop, after a delay that is 30%proportional to the duration of the last task cycle. There is no cycle time
defined but T#: 1...1000 ms.
Watchdog Enable the watchdog, enter the watchdog time and the sensitivity.
The Sensitivity field defines the number of times a watchdog overrun can occur
before a watchdog event is generated.

POU Add previously created POU program(s) in the task and fix the execution
order of the POU in online mode. Like a segment scheduler in other =S= PLCs.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-17
Task Configuration (cont.)

How to Add a
POU to a Task
To add a POU to a Task:

Double click the Task in the Devices pane to open the Configuration window in
the Work area.
Click Add POU in the POUs section of the Configuration tab.
Select the POU.
5-18
February 2011
Exercise - Configure a Task

1
Add a POU to the MAST Task.

i.
Double click the MAST item in the Devices pane to open the MAST
Configuration window in the Work area.
ii.
Click Add POU in the POUs section of the Configuration tab. This
will open the Input Assistant.
iii.
Expand the branches of Application and select the POU_ST. Click
OK.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-19
Exercise - Configure a Task (cont.)
5-20
iv.
The POUs section of the MAST Configuration tab will display the
POU_ST item.
v.
Check the lower left corner of the SoMachine window under the
Messages section to see that the message Precompile OK has
appeared.
vi.
Select Build Build from the menu.
Save the project.
February 2011
PLC Simulator
Offline PLC
Simulator
How to Start the

Simulator
SoMachine provides an Offline PLC Simulator. Applications may be downloaded

to the simulator and run offline for:
-
Program development
Program debugging
To start the simulator:

Select Online Simulate <PLC Name> from the main menu to place SoMachine
into simulation mode.
Select Online Login to log in to the Simulator. Transfer the application.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-21
PLC Simulator (cont.)

How to Start the
Simulator (cont.)
5-22
The simulation mode is indicated in the software by a red rectangle reading

SIMULATION being displayed in the information line of the dialog box and by the
controller in the Devices window being displayed in italics.
February 2011
Exercise - Start the Simulator

1
SoMachine
Connect the project to the Simulator.

i.
Select Online Simulation from the main menu to place SoMachine

into simulation mode.
ii.
Select Online Login to log in to the Simulator.
iii.
Since there is no program in the simulator, the following message

will appear. Click Yes.
Manual Draft 2
5-23
Exercise - Start the Simulator (cont.)

iv.
5-24
The operator interface shows that the program is connected.

M238 is shown on the left and an M258 is shown on the right
An
Test the running project

i.
Select Online Start to start the Controller.
ii.
Open the POU and observe its operation.

variables currently have a value of zero.
Notice that all the
February 2011
Exercise - Start the Simulator (cont.)

iii.
Enter some values into the Prepared value field for var1, var2, var3
as shown. The Prepared Value field is a queue for the variables. The
values are not currently applied to the variables.
iv.
Press <CTRL> + W on the keyboard or Online Write Values from

the menu to force the values into the variables. Confirm the action.
The values are written into the variables and the average is
calculated.
SoMachine
Log out of the application and save the project
Manual Draft 2
5-25
CoDeSys Program Languages

ST (Structured text) is similar to programming in PASCAL or C.
POU ST
Note:
Multiple variable declarations of same data type is possible

POU FBD
5-26
FBD (Function block diagram) is a network oriented graphical language. The

components are placed in Networks (i.e., Row) so there is no free placement.
February 2011
Exercise - Program a Function Block Diagram

POU
1
SoMachine
Create a program using FBD language to calculate the average of

three variables.
i.
Return to the Devices pane and add a new POU program in the
Function Block Diagram (FBD) language. Name the new POU
POU_FBD.
ii.
Create the same four INT variables that were used in Exercise Create a POU (page 5-13).
iii.
Right click to the left of Network 1 in the lower pane of the Work
area and select Insert Box from the menu.
Manual Draft 2
5-27
Exercise - Program a FBD POU (cont.)

iv.
When the Input Assistant opens select FDB Operators from the
Categories: pane then select ADD from the Items: pane. Click OK.
v.
The ADD operator will be inserted into the editor.

ADD block and select Insert Input from the menu.
Right click the
A third input will be added to the ADD operator.
5-28
February 2011

vi.
Click to select the first Input then click the Ellipsis
button.
vii.
This will open the Input Assistant. Select var1 then click OK. In
the same manner add variables var2 and var3 to the second and
third inputs respectively.
viii.
Right click the Output pin and select Insert Box to open the Input
Assistant. Select Keywords from the Categories: pane then select
DIV from the Items: pane. Click OK. Add 3 to the lower input pin
(denominator).
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-29
5-30
ix.
Right click the Output pin of the DIV block and select Insert
Assignment.
x.
Use the Input Assistant to add the avg variable.

program will look like this:
The completed
February 2011

2
SoMachine
Test the program.

i.
Add the new POU to the MAST task.
ii.
Select Online Login from the main menu. Since the code has
changed SoMachine will prompt for the type of login. Select Login
with online change then click OK.
iii.
Click the Start Application
iv.
Enter values into the variables in the same manner as before. Check
the display to see whether the program is functioning correctly.
v.
Select Online Logout to log out of the program.
button to start the program.
Log out of the application and save the project.
Manual Draft 2
5-31
CoDeSys Program Languages (cont.)

IL (Instruction list) is an Assembler like programming language.
POU IL
LD (Ladder Diagram) enables the programmer to virtually combine relay contacts
POU LD
and coils.
5-32
February 2011
Exercise - Convert to IL and LD

1
Convert an FBD POU to Ladder Diagram (LD) language.

i.
Return to the POU_FBD POU created in Exercise - Program a

Function Block Diagram POU (page 5-27).
ii.
Select FBD/LD/IL View View as ladder logic to change the POU

from FBD language to Ladder Diagram language.
iii.
Select FBD/LD/IL View View as instruction list to change the

POU Instruction List language.
Note:
FBD, LD and IL formats can be converted from one format to another. SFC and
CFC cannot be converted.
2
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-33
CoDeSys Program Languages (cont.)

POU CFC
CFC (Continuous Function Chart) is similar to FBD. Unlike FDB it allows the free
placement of components.
Note:
Local variables are declared in the VAR section.

POU SFC
5-34
SFC (Sequential function chart) is used to program sequential processes.
February 2011
Exercise - Program a Continuous Function

Chart POU
1
SoMachine
Create a program using CFC language to calculate the average of

three variables.
i.
Create a new POU program named POU_CFC using the CFC

language. Create the same program to calculate the average of
three variables.
ii.
The CFC language allows free placement of the components. The

Inputs, Outputs and Boxes must be added to the work area by
using the CFC Toolbox located to the right of the Work area.
iii.
Create this POU by following the program below. Ask the instructor
if additional help is needed.
iv.
Save, Login, and test this POU.

Manual Draft 2
5-35
Watchdog Mechanisms
M238 Watchdog
Operation
A Watchdog is a device used to protect a system from specific software or

hardware failures that may cause the system to stop responding.
There are two types of Watchdog in SoMachine:
Application (configured) watchdog - Each task cycle can be monitored by a
watchdog timer (a maximum duration of the task cycle). This helps debugging
certain application conditions (such as infinite loops, etc.) and provides a
maximal duration for refreshing outputs.
A watchdog can be defined for each task.
System Watchdog - System Overload is reached when all the user tasks use
more than 80% of system resources. This is computed on a 1 second window,
each second.
This system overload mechanism cannot be disabled, so that system tasks can be
executed properly.
In Online mode, task processing can be monitored by clicking on the task .
5-36
Monitoring the task shows you how long the task is taking to execute
Monitoring the actual task execution time helps determine the correct WDT
setting
February 2011
Structuring an Application
POU Program
Structure
A POU can call other POUs (nesting)

-
No limits to number of calls
Could affect Watchdog limits if not taken into account
Program structuring is possible

-
Conditional execution may be added
Watchdog issues are possible
Called POUs can be in any language
POU calling in the application program
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-37
The POU Function

A POU that
Returns a Result
Function
Creation
POU Function A POU that returns a result
Normally used when you need repeat the same calculation with different
vars. Number crunching
Returns the result of the calculation to the calling POU
Arguments are passed to the function, returns a single result
Example -
Function CalcAvg is created in ST language
5-38
February 2011
The POU Function (cont.)

Calling Function
Function CalcAvg called from ST POU and POU running
Values 10, 20, 15 passed to function CalcAvg. Result of 15 is returned

POU Function in
Three Languages
SoMachine
The same POU Function is shown in three different programming languages
Manual Draft 2
5-39
Exercise - POU Function

1
5-40
Create a POU Function and add it to a POU Program.

i.
Right click the Application node and select Add Object POU.
ii.
Name the function CalcAvg. Select Structured Text as the creation

language for this function and return data type of INT
February 2011
Exercise - POU Function (cont.)
iii.
Create the function as shown. The function returns an Integer and

has three input variables. The comments do not need to be added to
the function. Save the function.
iv.
Save and Build the application. Fix any errors that appear.
The next steps will call the function from a new program POU.
Create a new POU program call the function
i.
SoMachine
Open the POU_FBD program. Right click the left margin, and select
Insert Network from the menu.
Manual Draft 2
5-41
5-42
ii.
Right click the left margin and add a box to the network that was
just created.
iii.
When the Input Assistant opens select the item Module Calls in the
Categories pane. Expand the Application branch and select the
function CalcAvg. Click OK.
February 2011
SoMachine
iv.
The CalcAvg function is added. Add the vars shown
v.
Save, login and download this application to your controller. Test

the operation by entering values into the Prepared Value fields and
using the CNTRL + <W> keys to enter values into the Value field.
Manual Draft 2
5-43
Sample Project
Escalator Project
5-44
The Escalator project is a simple project that is designed to start and run an
escalator. This project will be used to consolidate all of the features of SoMachine
that have been demonstrated in this tutorial.
February 2011
Exercise - Start the Escalator Project

1
SoMachine
Create a new Standard Project.

i.
At the Home screen click the Create new machine item in the left
pane.
ii.
Click the Start with standard project item from the expanded menu.
iii.
Select the device TM238LFDC24DT from the Device: drop down list.
Name the POU Escalator_Mgt and select Continuous Function
Chart as the Implementation Language. Click the Create Project
button.
Manual Draft 2
5-45
Exercise - Start the Escalator Project (cont.)
5-46
iv.
Save the project as Escalator in the C:\Class directory.
v.
When the project is opened SoMachine will display the project in the
Properties tab. Add Title, Author and Company information into the
Author Information fields.
vi.
Save the project.
February 2011
Global Variables
Global Variable
List (GVL)
A Global Variable List (GVL) is a list of variables that are available to all parts of
the application. The fact that all POUs as well as other sections of the application,
have access to these variables is what makes them global. A maximum of three
GVL lists may be created per application
Note:
Global Variables are declared in the same manner as local variables but are
located in a GVL file.
SoMachine
Manual Draft 2
5-47
Exercise - Add Global Variables

1
5-48
Add Global Variables to the Escalator project.

i.
Open the Program screen to view the Devices pane.
ii.
Double click the GVL item in the Devices tree. The GVL Tab will
open in the right pane.
iii.
Add these variables to the project.
Save the project.
February 2011
Exercise - Add a POU to the Escalator Project

1
Add a POU to the project.

i.
The Escalator Project already contains a blank POU named

Escalator_Mgt (PRG). Double click the POU to open for editing.
ii.
Add these Local Variables to top pane of the POU.
iii.
Add the CFC Diagram to the lower pane. Note that the comments
are not necessary.
iv.
Notice that the AND function block has a little circle on the lower left
pin.
This is a Negated pin. To negate the pin right click the pin and
select Negate from the menu.
SoMachine
v.
Add the Escalator_Mgt POU to the MAST task.
vi.
Save and build the project.
vii.
Run the project in Simulation mode to test the logic.
Manual Draft 2
5-49

(cont.)
2
5-50
Add an Action (sub program) using Ladder Logic Diagram for the
Emergency Management.
i.
Right click the Escalator_Mgt POU and select Add Object Action...
from the menu.
ii.
When
iii.
Add this ladder logic to the Action.
the Add Action dialog appears name the Action

Emergency_Stops_Mgt and select Ladder Logic Diagram as the
Implementation language. Click Open.
February 2011

(cont.)
3
SoMachine
Add an Action using Structured text for the Maintenance.

i.
Right click the Escalator_Mgt POU and select Add Object Action...
from the menu.
ii.
When the Add Action dialog appears name the Action Maintenance
and select Structured Text as the Implementation language. Click
Open.
iii.
Add this code to the action.
Add the Actions to the POU.

i.
Add boxes to the program to add the two Actions to the program.
ii.
Log in to the program and test.
Manual Draft 2
5-51

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Manual Draft 2

Schneider-Electric Pty Ltd

February 2011 Edition for SoMachine Version 3.0

SoMachine Version 3.0

INTRODUCTION TO SOMACHINE........................................................... 1-1

Overview .................................................................................................................... 1-1

SOMACHINE AT A GLANCE ................................................................... 2-1

Overview .................................................................................................................... 2-1

PROJECT MANAGEMENT ....................................................................... 3-1

Overview .................................................................................................................... 3-1

NEW PROJECT CREATION ..................................................................... 4-1

Overview .................................................................................................................... 4-1

CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING ............................................................. 5-1

Overview .................................................................................................................... 5-1

SoMachine Version 3.0

SoMachine is OEM machine programming software that provides an all-in-one

OEM machines in a single environment.

This Chapter Covers These Topics:

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential

SoMachine Version 3.0

Safety Information (cont.)

Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only

Before the Course Begins

This training manual is a supplement to the authorised training. In order to make

Go the Schneider Electric home page www.schneider-electric.com

Do not type any blank spaces in the model number.

If you entered a model number, go to the Product datasheets search results

SoMachine Version 3.0

Before the Course Begins (cont.)

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or

Separate or redundant control paths must be provided for critical control

System control paths may include communication links. Consideration

Observe all accident prevention regulations and local safety guidelines1.

Each implementation of this equipment must be individually and

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or

Before the Course Begins (cont.)

SoMachine Version 3.0

Before You Begin (cont.)

Before the Course Begins (cont.)

Before operational tests are performed, remove all blocks or other

Remove tools, meters and debris from equipment.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in injury or equipment

SoMachine Version 3.0

Before the Course Begins (cont.)

Regardless of the care exercised in the design and manufacture of equipment or in

Do not use this software and related automation equipment on

Do not reach into machinery during operation.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or

Ensure that appropriate safeties and mechanical/electrical interlocks related to

Coordination of safeties and mechanical/electrical interlocks for point-of-operation

By the completion of this training course you will:

The SoMachine training course is an integral part of the complete Schneider

SoMachine Version 3.0

Course Overview (cont.)

Conventions Used in this Manual

Example The SoMachine configuration environment consists of several toolbars, browser

Use the following template settings:

Whenever information is to be typed into a field or dialog box it will be written in

SoMachine Version 3.0

Conventions Used in this Manual (cont.)

This heading will provide you with useful or helpful information

Example Hints & Tips

Example File New