Prof.

Paul Erickson
ENG 105 Thermodynamics

THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES

VAPOR POWER CYCLES

RANKINE CYCLE

SPATIALLY SEPARATED
The processes take place
at the same time but in
different locations

VAPOR COMPRESSION
CYCLES

GAS POWER CYCLES

BRAYTON CYCLE

REFRIGERATION CYCLE

REHEAT

Regenerative

Regenerative (Closed
Feedwater Heater)

Reheat/Intercooling

Regenerative (Open
Feedwater Heater)

Turbojet

HEAT PUMP CYCLE

OTTO CYCLE

TEMPORALLY SEPARATED
The processes take place
in the same location but
at different times

Cycles in

CAPITAL LETTERS
are especially important
DIESEL CYCLE

IDEAL

REAL

RANKINE CYCLE
1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isobaric Heat Addition
3 4: Isentropic Expansion
4 1: Isobaric Heat Rejection

s1 = s2
p2 = p3
s3 = s4
p4 = p1
See Example 8.1
See Lecture 7 Slides

See Example 8.2

See Example 8.3

See Lecture 7 Slides

See Example 8.4

See Example 10.1

See Example 10.3

See Lecture 10 Slides

RANKINE CYCLE WITH REHEAT

1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isobaric Heat Addition
3 4: Isentropic Expansion
4 5: Isobaric Heat Addition
5 6: Isentropic Expansion
6 1: Isobaric Heat Rejection

s1 = s2
p2 = p3
s3 = s4
p4 = p5
s5 = s6
p6 = p1

REFRIGERATION & HEAT PUMP CYCLES

1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isobaric Heat Rejection
3 4: Isenthalpic Throttling
4 1: Isobaric Heat Addition

s1 = s2
p2 = p3
h3 = h4
p4 = p1

Start where there are 2 independent, intensive

properties. Equate entropy across turbine/
compressor and pressure across heat exchangers.

Apply isentropic
efficiencies

CONSTANT SPECIFIC HEATS

(COLD AIR STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS)

VARIABLE SPECIFIC HEATS

(AIR STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS)

OTTO CYCLE
1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isometric Heat Addition
3 4: Isentropic Expansion
4 1: Isometric Heat Rejection

s1 = s2
s3 = s4

V 2 = V3
V 4 = V1

See Lecture 9 Slides

See Example 9.1

See Lecture 9 Slides

See Example 9.2

DIESEL CYCLE
1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isobaric Heat Addition
3 4: Isentropic Expansion
4 1: Isometric Heat Rejection
s1 = s2 p 2 = p 3
s3 = s4 V4 = V1

REAL

BRAYTON CYCLE
1 2: Isentropic Compression
2 3: Isobaric Heat Addition
3 4: Isentropic Expansion
4 1: Isobaric Heat Rejection
s1 = s2
s3 = s4

p 2 = p3
p 4 = p1

See Lecture 8 Slides

Apply these equations for isentropic processes

See Example 9.4

Find v r at each state (Otto/Diesel)

Find p r at each state (Brayton)

See Example 9.6

Apply isentropic
efficiencies