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Cng trnh giao thng: Cng trnh giao thng bao gm cc cng trnh ng b,
cng trnh ng st, cng trnh ng thy, cng trnh cu, cng trnh hm v cng
trnh sn bay. Cng trnh giao thng trn ng thc cht l nhng cng trnh nhn to
trn ng do con ngi to nn nhm p ng nhu cu vn chuyn, giao thng i li ca
mnh. l cc cng trnh vt qua cc chng ngi thin nhin, cc chng ngi nhn
to, mt tuyn giao thng khc; hoc nhng cng trnh chn t. Cc cng trnh giao
thng trn mt tuyn no c th gm: Cu, hm, tng chn, v cc cng trnh thot
nc nh nh ng trn, cu trn v cng.
Pr
o
C hai trng phi khi thit k la chn cc cng trnh giao thng. Trng phi th
nht la chn trn quan nim rng con ngi c th chinh phc c thin nhin. iu
ny c ngha l con ngi c th lm bt k cng trnh g con ngi mun v thin nhin
phi phc tng con ngi, con ngi c th khc ch c thin nhin. Vi trng phi
ny, thin nhin b tc ng cng bc rt mnh, v theo thuyt mi trng th c th l
khng hp l. Trng phi th hai thit k cc phng n trn quan nim thun theo
thin nhin. Chnh cc quan nim ny hnh thnh nn nhng bc tranh tng th v cc
cng trnh giao thng trn th gii.
1.2. Phn loi v phn cp cng trnh giao thng
1.2.1. Cc khi nim c bn
- Cng trnh giao thng: Cng trnh gia thng bao gm cc cng trnh ng b, cng
trnh ng st, cng trnh ng thy, cng trnh cu, cng trnh hm v cng trnh sn
bay.
1.2.2. Cng trnh ng b
- ng b: l cc loi ng bao gm ng t, ng ph, ng t cao tc,
ng t chuyn dng, ng giao thng nng thn v.v. phc v vn ti v i li trn
mt t cho ngi i b, t, xe my v cc phng tin vn chuyn khc tr xe la, xe
in bnh st.
- ng cao tc: l loi ng chuyn dng vn chuyn c li ln, cho t chy
vi tc cao, cc hng xe chy tch ring hai chiu v khng giao ct cng mc vi
cc tuyn ng khc, trong , mi chiu ti thiu phi c 2 ln chy xe v mt ln
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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- Ch gii xy dng cng trnh hm t su: Khng gian ngm c php xy dng
cng trnh hm m khi xy dng vng nh hng tng h khng vt ra ngoi ch gii
kim sot an ton hm.
Pr
o
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Trang 3 | 130
Cp c
bit
ng
b
b) ng t,
ng trong
th
c) ng nng
thn
ng cao
tc vi lu
lng xe >
30.000 Xe
quy i/
ngy m
Cp II
ng cao
tc vi lu
lng xe t
10.00030.000 Xe
quy
i/ngy
m
Lu lng xe
t 3.00010.000 Xe quy
i/ ngy m
Pr
o
a) ng t
cao tc cc
loi
Cp I
hoc
tc
>100km/h
ng st
cao tc
ng
st
Cp III
Cp IV
Lu lng xe
t 300-3.000
Xe quy
i/ngy m
Lu lng
xe <300 Xe
quy i/
ngy m
hoc
hoc
tc >60km/h
ng giao
thng nng
thn loi A
ng giao
thng nng
thn loi B
ng st quc
gia thng
thng
ng st
chuyn dng v
ng st a
phng
Nhp t 50100m
Nhp t 2550m
Nhp t <
25m
of
M
s
hoc
hoc
tc
>80km/h
ng tu
in ngm;
ng st
trn cao.
Nhp t
a) Cu ng
b
3
Nhp >200m
Cu
b) Cu ng
st
100-200m
hoc s
dng cng
ngh thi
cng mi,
kin trc c
bit
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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a) Hm ng
t
Hm
b) Hm ng
st
Hm tu
in ngm
c) Hm cho
ngi i b
5
Cng
trnh
ng
thy
a) Bn, nng
tu cng bin
b) Cng bn
thy cho tu,
nh my ng
sa cha tu
> 5.000 T
c) u thuyn
cho tu
> 3.000 T
B > 120m;
H >5m
Chiu di
<100m
Bn, cho
tu >50.000
DWT
Bn, cho tu
30.000-50.000
DWT
Bn, cho tu
10.000-30.000
DWT
Bn cho tu
<10.000
DWT
3.0005.000T
1.500
750 -1.500 T
< 750T
200 - 750 T
< 200T
B < 50m
H = 3 - <4 m
H = 2- < 3 m
H < 2m
B = 40 - <50m
B= 30 - <40m
B < 30m
3000 T
1.500 3.000 T
B= 90<120m
750- 1.500 T
H = 4- <5m
Pr
o
d)
ng
thy c b
rng (B) v
su (H ) nc
chy tu
Chiu di t
100-1000m
of
Chiu di t
1000-3000m,
ti thiu 2 ln
xe t, 1 ln
ng st
Chiu di >
3000m, ti
thiu 2 ln
xe t, 1 ln
ng st
- Trn sng
- Trn knh
o
1.4.
Sn bay
ng bng
ct h cnh
(phn cp theo
tiu chun cu
t chc ICAO)
B > 70m;
B= 50<70m
H >6m
H=5-<6
m
H = 4- < 5m
H = 2 - <4 m
H < 3m
IV E
IV D
III C
II B
IA
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of
ng trn lin hp
1.4.2. Cng nng v tnh nng cc cng trnh thot nc
TT
Loi cng
trnh thot
nc
Cu
Pr
o
Cng nng v tnh nng ca cc loi cng trnh thot nc thch hp dng cho cc loi
ng b c tng hp v nu trong Bng 2.3:
ng
ng
ng
cao tc
th
- Ch yu dng
vt dng chy
v sng c lu
lng trn 20m3/s
- Ch yu dng
vt dng chy
v sng c lu
lng trn 20m3/s.
- Ch yu dng
vt dng
chy v sng c
lu lng trn
20m3/s
- C th dng lm
cu vt ti cc
nt giao ct khc
mc
- S dng lm
cu vt ti cc
nt giao ct khc
mc
- Thi hn s
dng tnh ton
100 nm
- Ti trng tnh
ton H30, HL93
Cng
Ch yu dng
thot nc c lu
lng di
- Thi hn s
dng tnh ton 50100 nm
- Ti trng tnh
ton HL93, H30XB80, H18, H13.
Ch yu dng
thot nc c lu
lng di
ng chuyn
dng
ng
GTNT
- Ch yu
vt sng , khe
sui c lu
lng trn
20m3/s
- Ch yu
dng vt
qua cc sng
nh, knh
mng. c lu
lng nh hn
10,0m3/s
- Thi hn s
dng tnh ton 75100 nm
- Ti trng tnh
ton H10-H30,
HL93
- Thi hn s
dng tnh ton
50 nm
- Thi hn s
dng tnh ton
30 nm
- Ti trng
tnh ton n
H13, H18
- Ti trng tnh
ton H10-H30
Ch yu dng
thot nc c lu
lng di
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Ch yu dng
thot nc c
lu lng di
Ch yu dng
thot nc
c lu lng
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20m3/s
20m3/s
20m3/s
20m3/s
di 20m3/s
Rnh
Ch yu dng
thu v thot nc
mt
Ch yu dng
thu v thot nc
mt
Ch yu dng
thu v thot nc
mt
Ch yu dng
thu v thot
nc mt
Ch yu dng
thu v thot
nc mt
Cng trnh tm
thi
C th dng ph,
ng ngm,
ng trn,
vi ng cp IV
tr xung
Khng dng
C th dng
ph, ng
ngm, ng
trn,
C th dng
ph, ng
ngm, ng
trn,
Bng 2.3. Cng nng v tnh nng ca cc loi cng trnh thot nc nhn to trn
ng
1.4.3. Cc cng trnh thot nc nh
1.4.3.1 ng trn
(a)
nh ngha:
u im:
Pr
o
(b)
of
Nhc im:
Phm vi p dng:
S dng cho khu vc c dng chy lu lng nh, l xy ra trong thi gian ngn.
nh ngha:
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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u im:
Nhc im:
Phm vi p dng:
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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nh ngha:
Pr
o
of
u im:
Nhc im:
Phm vi p dng:
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Pr
o
of
nh ngha:
u im:
Nhc im:
Phm vi p dng:
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nh ngha:
Tng chn l cng trnh c xy dng chn t. Tng chn thng c hai loi:
Tng chn c ct, thng c lm bng vt liu c bn cao.
Tng chn khng ct.
(b)
Phm vi s dng:
Pr
o
of
nh ngha:
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(b)
Phm vi p dng:
of
Pr
o
Cng trnh cu bao gm: Cu, ng dn vo cu, cc cng trnh iu chnh dng
chy v gia c b sng ti v tr t cu (nu c). Ni chung cc b phn c bn ca cng
trnh cu gm c:
Kt cu nhp chnh
M cu
Kt cu nhp bin
Tr cu
Kt cu nhp bin
M cu
Tr cu
MNCN
MNTT
MNTN
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Lp BT atphan dy 7cm,
Lp phng nc dy 0,4 cm.
160
620
160
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
620
8@2100=16800
1100
1100
19000
4000
4000
500
of
1376
2.0%
Pr
o
1650
2.0%
2400
2400
2400
3x2400=7200
1/2 mt ct c - c
(t l: 1/75)
(t l: 1/75)
12000
5500
5500
B tng atphan: 7 cm
Tng phng nc: 0.4 cm
Lp BTCT lin kt: 10cm
610
Chi tit A
i=2%
950
950
100
500
ng thot nc
0
i=2%
500
100 500
610
500
250
2500
14000/2
250
1/2 mt CT u dm
8000/2
180
1/2 mt CT L/2
1.5%
8000/2
14000/2
250
2500
250
1.5%
10
1175
2330
2330
2330 / 2 2330 / 2
2330
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
2330
1175
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1500
400
1900
2850
500
400
1900
1500
1050 150
2850
1600
600
500
10500
1200
1400
3500
4500
2600
11500
3500
1400
1200
2600
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Cc kt cu ph tr trn cu gm c:
Trang 16 | 130
Pr
o
of
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kt cu nhp.
of
Pr
o
Cu xy, b tng :
Hnh 1.11a Cu xy
Cu thp:
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Cu btng ct thp:
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Pr
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of
M
Hnh 1.14a M hnh cu dm gin n mt nhp
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1.6.5.2 Cu Vm
Pr
o
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1.6.5.5 Cu dy vng
Cu dy vng l loi cu c dm cng ta trn cc gi cng l cc m tr v cc
gi n hi l cc im treo dy vng. Dy vng l cc dy xin, mt u neo vo thp
cu, du kia neo vo kt cu nhp cu to thnh cc gi n hi. Cu dy vng p dng
c hiu qu cho cc nhp cu t 200m n 500m hoc c th ln n 890m nh cu
Tatara - Nht Bn v ln hn.
Pr
o
of
Ngoi cc cch phn loi trn chng ta cn c th thy khi nim v cu lin khi,
cu cong v cc dng kt cu cu c bit khc.
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su
biu
th nghim
N = Ba / 30cm
(m)
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cao y dm
Tr cu
t p nn nh.
KQ
12.10
13
1.50-1.95
2c
14
3.50-3.95
15
5.50-5.95
6.90
5c
7.50-7.95
11.50-11.95
3.70
8d
9.50-9.95
13.50-13.95
13
13
15
-1.60
-7.40
17.50-17.95
19.50-19.95
21.50-21.95
23.50-23.95
14
19
9c
th n gh i m xu yn ti u chu n
M t t
22
20
Kh thng thuyn
B
MNCN
Cao y b mng
Cc khoan nhi
ng knh D, chiu di d kin L
20
17a
25.50-25.95
27.50-27.95
29.50-29.95
31.50-31.95
-24.77
Ct va l n t sn si, mu nu vng, kt
cu cht , bo ha nc.
17b
33.50-33.95
35.50-35.95
37.50-37.95
(Xemtrang trc).
17b
39.50-39.95
-34.27
41.50-41.95
22c
-38.77
45.50-45.95
47.50-47.75
24b
51.50-51.76
-47.02
53.50-53.75
25
MNTT
26
25
30
33
34
36
40
>50
Cao mi cc
MNTN
>50
>50
>50
Cao mi cc
>50
>50
>50
Ct a cht ca 1 l khoan ti v tr m cu
Pr
o
Cc khoan nhi
ng knh D, chiu di d kin L
Cao y b mng
Cao y b mng
of
Tn lp
C ao
(m )
m t c t
l k h oa n
Cao nh mt cu
Khe co gin
M cu
Cao mi cc
Cc khoan nhi
ng knh D, chiu di d kin L
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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ng
cao tc
th
1%
1%
1%
2%
-
of
ng
1%
2%
4%
10%
10%
20%
Pr
o
Tn ch tiu
1%
1%
2%
4%
10%
10%
20%
. chuyn
dng
ng
GTNT
2%
4%
10%
20%
20%
10%
20%
25%
Bng 2.5 Tn sut tnh ton lu lng thit k ca cc cng trnh thot nc
1.8.3. Yu cu v mt khai thc cng trnh
Cu phi m bo xe c trn ng i li c thun tin, an ton m khng phi
gim tc .
Chiu rng ng xe chy phi ph hp vi lu lng v loi xe tnh ton. Mt
cu tt m bo bng phng, nhm v thot nc sau m tt. S cu, chiu di
nhp, chiu di cu m bo thot l, tu b qua li di sng d dng v an ton.
1.8.4. Yu cu v mt kinh t
Loi hnh kt cu, chiu di nhp v vt liu phi c la chn c xt y n
gi thnh d n. Cn xt n chi ph tng lai trong tui th thit k ca cu. Cc nhn t
a phng nh vt liu ti ch, ch to, v tr ca cc tr ngi trong vn chuyn v lp
rp cng phi c xem xt.
Xy dng cu phi m bo chi ph thit b, vt liu r nht, gim sc lao ng,
gim gi thnh xy dng, phi tnh n gi thnh duy tu bo dng, sa cha v khai
thc cu. Khi la chn cc hng mc kt cu cn xt n s pht trin ca nn kinh t
quc dn.
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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1.8.6. Yu cu v mt mi trng
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Ngi k s cn chn hnh dng p cho kt cu bng cch ci thin hnh dng
bn thn v quan h gia cc cu kin. Cn trnh p dng cch lm p khng bnh
thng, phi kt cu, nhng thay i t ngt v hnh dng v loi hnh cu kin. Khi
khng th trnh c ranh gii gia cc loi hnh kt cu khc nhau cn to dng chuyn
tip hi ho gia chng.
Pr
o
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750
450
Pr
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of
2100/2
450
750
1000
5
6
Trang 33 | 130
70
Bn thp m ray N 2
L100x100x10
120
65
65
75
75
100
130
20
C c N 3
Va Xi m ng m
134
m cao su dy 1cm
290
Pr
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of
300+50
St gc thay ray ph
Cc
Trang 34 | 130
Pr
o
of
Hnh 2.5c Cu to lan can c dng trong cu BTCT c tay vn bng ng thp
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Pr
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Khe co gin h: Loi khe co gin ny dng cho chuyn v nh t 1cm-2cm trong
cc cu nhp nh di 15m hoc pha u dm t gi c nh ch c chuyn v
xoay. Hai u dm c t thp gc, trnh nc chy xung m tr t di
thot nc cao su.
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Khe co gin kn: Phm vi p dng ca loi ny tng t nh trn trng hp khe
co gin h v thng dng nht cho cc cu nhp nh c tng phng nc lin tc
cn tng BT bo h gin on qua khe. Khe c b phn co gin bng ng thau
hoc tn trng km. Loi ny hin nay t c p dng v b phn co gin thng
b h hng.
BT nha
Pr
o
Va nha ng
u dm
Tm tn
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Pr
o
of
260
150
Mt ng xe chy
Tm cao su
Va khng co ngt
Ct thp ch 16
Ct thp nh v 16
15
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Pr
o
of
Khe co gin bn thp trt: Loi khe ny c th dng cho cc chuyn v n 45cm. Cu to khe gm mt tm thp dy 10mm 20mm ph trn khe h gia hai
u dm, mt u tm thp c hn vo mt thp gc v u kia trt t do trn
mt thp gc i din. Cc thp gc c neo vo u dm nh cc thp neo.
trnh ni r r xung gi cu, di khi c t mng thot nc bng cao su hoc
thp hnh. Nhc im ca khe co gin loi ny l mt cu xe chy khng bng
phng v gy ting n khi xe qua li cc mt tip xc ca thp va p vo nhau, v
vy trong cc cu hin i n rt c hn ch s dng.
Bn thp
Bn thp trt
Bn mt cu
Bu lng hn mt u
Thp gc
Mng cao su
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Bn mt cu
Pr
o
Bn rng lc
of
Khe co gin kiu rng lc hoc rng ca: Loi khe co gin ny c p dng
cho cc chuyn v ln khong 10cm-15cm. Cu to khe gm cc bn thp c
xen vo nhau. Nhc im ca loi khe ny l khi xe chy qua gy ting n.
Bu lng hng mt u
Thp gc
Mng cao su
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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(c)
Pr
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Pr
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Pr
o
of
hb
Khu bn ni
15d
15d
Ct thp bn
Lp m n hi
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Tc dng ca lc hm.
2.4.2. Gi cu
2.4.2.1 Khi nim chung
Gi cu l b phn lin kt gia kt cu nhp bn trn vi kt cu phn di nh
m, tr cu. Gi cu c nhim v truyn p lc tp trung t kt cu nhp xung m tr (
gm c phn lc thng ng v nm ngang), m bo cho u kt cu nhp c th quay
hoc di ng t do di tc dng ca hot ti v nhit thay i.
2.4.2.2 Phn loi gi cu
Theo tnh cht lm vic c th chia lm 2 loi l gi c nh v gi di ng.
Gi c nh lm nhim v truyn p lc qua mt im c nh v ch cho php u
kt cu nhp c chuyn v xoay.
Gi di ng truyn p lc qua mt im v cho php u kt cu nhp va c
chuyn v xoay va c th chuyn v theo phng dc hoc c phng ngang cu.
2.4.2.3 B tr gi cu
Theo phng dc cu:
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Pr
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2a
Pr
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of
2a
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of
Pr
o
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Gi c nh
Gi di ng hai phng
Gi di ng mt phng
of
Pr
o
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
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Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng hai phng
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng hai phng
Gi di ng mt phng
Pr
o
Gi c nh
of
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng mt phng
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Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng theo phng cho
Gi c nh
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi di ng mt phng
Gi c nh
Pr
o
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I-I
mt chnh
a)
400
35
570/2
500/2
20 100
20 100 20
20 100 20
300/2 200/2
400/2
50
50 200/2 200/2 50
300/2
500/2
100
300/2
35
700/2
500/2
570/2
50 200/2 200/2 50
300/2
300/2
20 100
20 100 20
20 100 20
Pr
o
300/2 200/2
100
I-I
of
400
50
500/2
700/2
mt chnh
b)
400/2
50
400/2
500/2
100
700/2
400/2
50
500/2
100
700/2
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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A-A
220
2x40
50
11 23
4040
4040
50
40
50
160
260
50
A
a)
of
180
Pr
o
40
270
40
420
360
320
450
B-B
b)
a
b
Trang 55 | 130
214
1410
3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 25 25 25 25 25 25 2512
Chi tit A
thp
cao su
of
214
Chi tit A
Pr
o
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Bn trt thp
Vng cao su
L thp hp kim
a PTFE
Np y
Tm cao su
Chu thp
Gi di ng theo 2 phng
mt chnh
1-1
mt chnh
1/2 mt ct 2-2
1/2 mt bng
1/2 mt ct 4-4
Pr
o
of
1/2 mt bng
mt chnh
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Pr
o
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Pr
o
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Pr
o
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of
Nhc im ca phng php tnh ton ny l: Thc t cho thy bin dng thc
ca mt ct BTCT l khng theo gi thit l mt phng v bn thn btng l vt liu
khng ng cht, v khng hon ton n hi. Chnh v vy m vic tnh ton cha phn
nh ng s lm vic ca kt cu, phn phi vt liu chu lc cha hp l.
Pr
o
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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trng thi gii hn. S qu t trng thi lm vic bnh thng sng trng thi
gii hn ph thuc vo nhiu nhn t:
Tr s v tnh cht ca ti trng;
Cht lng v tnh cht ca vt liu;
iu kin lm vic ca cu kin v vt liu;
Rn = Rr
(1.3.2.1-1)
vi :
i= D R l > 0,95
(1.3.2.1-2)
i vi ti trng dng gi tr cc i ca i:
(1.3.2.1-3)
Pr
o
Trong :
1
1,0
D R I
of
i =
I
=
1.3.5).
Qi
ng lc
Rn
sc khng danh nh
Rr
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Pr
o
of
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Pr
o
of
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Cao nh ray
Pr
o
of
Cao nh ray
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i vi ng vn chuyn gia xc: chiu cao tnh khng khng nh hn 3,0, chiu
rng mt ct ngang ca ng l 2+/6, trong - l chiu di trng tri chn
nui, nhng khng nh hn 4,0m v khng ln hn 8,0m.
Pr
o
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of
Pr
o
DC
= ti trng p lc t nm ngang.
EL
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ES
EV
= p lc thng ng do t trng t p.
lc hm xe.
CE
lc ly tm.
CR
t bin.
CT
lc va xe.
CV
lc va tu.
EQ
ng t.
FR
ma st.
IM
LL
hot ti xe.
LS
PL
ti trng ngi i.
SE
ln.
SH
TG
TU
WA
WL
WS
Pr
o
of
BR
co ngt.
gradien nhit.
nhit u.
3.4.2.2 Hot ti xe
(a) S ln xe thit k
S ln xe thit k c xc nh bi phn s nguyn ca t s w/3500, y w l
b rng khong trngca lng ng gia hai va hoc hai ro chn, n v l mm.
Cn xt n kh nng thay i trong tng lai v vt l hoc chc nng ca b rng
trng ca lng ng ca cu.
Trong trng hp b rng ln xe nh hn 3500mm th s ln xe thit k ly bng
s ln giao thng v b rng ln xe thit k phi ly bng b rng ln giao thng.
Lng ng rng t 6000mm n 7200mm phi c 2 ln xe thit k, mi ln bng
mt na b rng lng ng.
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Pr
o
of
35 kN
145 kN
145 kN
4300 mm
4300 mm ti 900mm
600 mm ni chung
300mm mt tha ca mt cu
Ln thit k 3500 mm
Trang 69 | 130
3.4.3.5 Ti trng va x
Pr
o
Ti trng va x tu b
of
3.4.3.4 Ti trng ng t
Ti trng va x ca hot ti xe c
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Pr
o
of
Trng thi gii hn s dng: T hp ti trng lin quan n khai thc bnh thng
ca cu vi gi c vn tc 25m/s vi tt c ti trng ly theo gi tr danh nh.
Dng kim tra vng, b rng vt nt trong kt cu BTCT v BTCT d ng
lc, s chy do ca kt cu thp v trt ca cc lin kt c nguy c trt do tc
ng ca hot ti xe. T hp trng ti ny cng cn c dng kho st n nh
mi dc.
Trng thi gii hn mi: T hp ti trng gy mi v t gy lin quan n hot
ti xe c trng phc v xung kch di tc ng ca mt xe ti n chic c c ly
trc c qui nh ca Tiu chun thit k cu hin hnh.
3.5.2.2 H s ti trng trong cc t hp ti trng
Tt c cc loi ti trng c a vo tnh ton phi c nhn vi h s ti trng
tng ng. H s ti trng phi chn sao cho gy ra tng ng lc tnh ton cc hn. i
vi mi t hp ti trng c tr s cc hn m ln tr s cc hn dng u phi c
xem xt.
Trong t hp ti trng nu tc ng ca mt ti trng lm gim tc ng ca mt ti
trng khc phi ly gi tr nh nht ca ti trng lm gim gi tr ti trng kia.
Khi ti trng thng xuyn lm tng s n nh hoc tng kh nng chu ti ca mt
b phn kt cu hoc ca ton cu th tr s ti thiu ca h s ti trng i vi ti trng
thng xuyn ny cng phi c xem xt.
Khi nh gi n nh tng th ca mi t c mng hoc khng c mng phi
kho st trng thi gii hn s dng da trn t hp ti trng s dng v mt h s
sc khng ph hp.
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Pr
o
- m bo iu kin v cng
of
sau:
- m bo iu kn v n nh
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Cc lan can b tng thit k theo cc mt nghing v pha xe c phi c chiu cao
ti thiu l 810mm.
Chiu cao ca vch b tng trong tng phng h b tng c mt phng thng
ng ti thiu phi l 685mm.
Khong h gia cc thanh, cc lan can khng c vt qu 150 mm. Cc qui
nh v khong cch thanh lan can trn khng p dng i vi ct lan can v
hng ro bng dy xch hoc ct tm li kim loi. Mt li ca dy xch hoc
tm li kim loi khng nn rng hn 50mm.
Lan can dng kt hp phi ph hp vi cc yu cu ca i vi lan can dnh cho
ngi i b v lan can ng xe p.
b) Lan can ng u cu phi c cu to u bo hiu chuyn tip cc phng
tin giao thng d nhn bit khi vo cu. H thng tng h lan can u cu phi c u
mt thch hp.
3.7.4.2 Thit k lan can
of
Pr
o
b) Trong tnh ton ca lan can theo trng thi gii hn cng phi s dng cc t
hp ti trng v h s sc khng ca cc b phn kt cu lan can theo qui nh ca tiu
chun 22TCn272-05. Phi p dng trng thi gii hn cc hn v cc t hp ti trng
tng ng tnh ton kh nng chu lc ca lan can. Tc ng v phn b ca lc thit
k lan can phi ph hp vi qui nh ca Tiu chun thit k cu 22TCN 272-05.
Hot ti thit k i vi lan can ng ngi i b phi l w = 0.37 N/mm, theo c
hai hng ngang v thng ng, tc ng ng thi trn tng cu kin hng dc. B
phn lan can phi c thit k vi mt ti trong tp trung 890 N theo hng bt k ti
nh lan can, tc ng ng thi vi cc ti trng trn ti bt k im no.
Ti trng thit k i vi hng ro bng dy xch phi l 7,2x10-4 MPa tc ng
thng gc ln trn ton b b mt.
c) Kch thc in hnh ca cc b phn lan can c qui nh c th trong Tiu
chun thit k cu hin hnh.
3.7.5. Khe co gin v gi cu
a) Vic la chn v b tr cc khe co gin v cc gi cu phi tnh n cc bin dng
do nhit v cc nguyn nhn khc ph thuc thi gian v phi ph hp vi chc nng
ring ca cu.
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Pr
o
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Pr
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S dng cc ro chn bng thp hoc bng di phn cch cng BTCT i vi cc
cu trn ng t t cp I n cp III trong thnh ph;
G chn bnh chiu cao 0,25m s dng i vi cc cu g.
Chiu cao ca ro chn v g chn bnh c tnh bng khong cch t mt cu
n nh ca ro chn.
Chiu cao ca ro chn bnh trn cc cu trn tuyn ng ca khu cng nghip,
khu kinh t c la chn khng nh hn 1/2 ng knh ca bnh xe nhng khng c
nh hn 0,75m.
i vi cc cu khng c bn b hnh v bn b hnh lm ng cng v phi
c xy dng khng gn hn 0,5m tnh t mp ln xe chy ca bn mt cu v c th
trng vi lan can c xy dng trong tt c cc trng hp.
Cn thit phi xy dng di phn cch (g chn bnh) c thc hin nu:
-
Pr
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Pr
o
of
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Pr
o
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of
Pr
o
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Pr
o
of
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of
Pr
o
thu.
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D n nhm A
(b)
D n nhm B
(c)
D n nhm C
Pr
o
(a)
of
D n quan trng quc gia do quc hi thng qua ch trng v cho php u t;
cc d n cn li c phn thnh 3 nhm A, B, C theo qui nh ca ph lc theo ngh
nh 12/2009/N-CP)
(b)
(c)
(d)
D n BOT (Built-Operation-Transfer)
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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dnh cho nh u t quyn kinh doanh cng trnh trong mt thi hn nht nh thu
hi vn u t v li nhun.
(c)
D n BT (Built - Transfer)
of
4.2. Qu trnh u t
Pr
o
Giai on chun b u t
Trang 86 | 130
chim dng vnh vin v din tch t chim dng tm thi trong qu trnh tin
hnh thi cng d n).
Phn tch, la chn s b v cng ngh k thut, cc iu kin cung cp vt t
thit b, nguyn liu; phng n gii phng mt bng, ti nh c nu c; cc
nh hng ca d n i vi mi trng sinh thi, phng chng chy n, an
ninh, quc phng.
Hnh thc u t, xc nh s b tng mc u t, thi hn thc hin d n,
phng n huy ng vn theo tin v hiu qu kinh t x hi ca d n v
phn k u t nu c.
(b)
(c)
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(d)
Pr
o
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Pr
o
of
Vic thit k v la chn cc phng n cho cc cng trnh xy dng giao thng l
mt bi ton tng th v cng phc tp. Bi ton ny khng nhng th hin v nhng yu
cu k thut cn t c m cn lin quan n mt s cc yu t quan trng khc, l:
qui hoch tng th v khu vc v tr xy dng cng trnh, cc tc ng mi trng, cc
yu t v kinh t, m quan khu vc, ngha v mt x hi chn c phng n
thit k tt nht, ngi ta phi thnh lp nhiu phng n, sau tnh ton c th tng
phng n v nh gi chng. Cc phng n nu ra phi c tha mn cc yu cu v
k thut: ph hp vi iu kin a hnh, a cht thy vn, m bo bn, cng,
tui th, ng thi phi tha mn cc yu cu v mt kinh t: gi thnh cng trnh h,
thi gian xy dng ngnNgoi ra khi la chn phng n cn cn ch n cng ngh
thi cng, iu kin khai thc duy tu bo dng, ngha quc phng v yu cu m quan
ca cng trnh. Nhng yu cu ny ty tng trng hp c th m c th tr thnh yu
cu khng ch.
Nhng nm gn y, s pht trin cng ngh thng tin thc y mnh vic t
ng ha thit k cc cng trnh xy dng giao thng, trong c thit k cc phng n
cu. iu kin ny cho php cc k s, trong thi gian ngn c th la chn c phng
n ti u, tha mn c cc yu cu ra.
6.2. Lp phng n tuyn ng giao thng
Khi ln cc phng n tuyn giao thng cng nh cc cng trnh giao thng khc,
cc yu cu cn phi c xem xt n bao gm: k thut, kinh t, qui hoch, m quan,
ngha x hi Thng thng, khi ln cc phng n tuyn cn ch n cc yu t hnh
hc c bn nht dng trong thit k ng b bao gm :
-
S ln xe
dc dc ln nht
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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ng
th
S ln xe ti thiu ng
vi cc tc :
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
4
4
4
4
-
6
4
2
2
2
2(1)
1
6
6
4
4
2
2(1)
1
Chiu rng nn ng
(m) ng vi cc tc
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
25,5 - 27,5
24,5 - 27,0
23,0 - 25,5
22,0 - 24,5
-
32,5
22,5
12,0
9,0
7,50
6,50
6,00
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,5
-
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,75
1 x 3,5
1 x 3,5
1 x 2,75
1 x 2,75
1 x 1,75
3 x 3,75
3 x 3,75
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,75
1 x 3,50
1x 3,00
1x 2,25
2 x 4,00
2 x 3,75
2 x 3,25
2 x 3,25
-
2 x3,50
2 x 3,00
2 x2,50
2 x 2,50
2 x 1,00
2 x 0,75
2 x 1,50
650
450
650
400
600
400
Pr
o
Tn ch tiu
of
ng
cao tc
TT
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
. chuyn
dng
ng
GTNT
Trang 90 | 130
240
140
-
250
125
60
30
15
250
250
125
60
30
Chiu di hm xe (tm
nhn dng xe, m) ng vi
cc tc :
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
230
160
100
75
-
210
150
100
75
40
30
20
175
140
100
100
75
60
40
200
150
80
60
40
350
280
200
200
150
120
80
of
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
dc dc i xung ln
nht (%) ng vi cc tc
:
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
5,5
5,5
6
6
-
6
6
7
7
8
9
11
4
5
6
6
8
8
8
dc dc i ln ln
nht (%) ng vi cc tc
:
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
4
5
6
6
-
4
4
5-7
6-8
7-9
9-11
9-11
4
5
6
6
8
8
8
12 000
6000
3000
11000
6000
4000
10 000
6000
4000
10
11
Pr
o
Bn knh ng cong li
nh nht (m) ng vi cc
tc :
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
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12
13
Chiu di ng cong
chuyn tip (m) ng vi
Rmin v ng vi cc tc
:
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
Bn knh ng cong
nm khng cn b tr
siu cao (m) ng vi cc
tc
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
2500
700
200
6000
2000
-
5000
3000
2000
1000
-
4000
3000
2000
1000
450
200
100
2000
1500
1000
1500
500
250
150
210
210
170
150
-
125
120
110
70
Nh ng
t
Pr
o
14
Bn knh ng cong
lm nh nht (m) ng
vi cc tc , m :
V=120 Km/h
V=100 Km/h
V=80 Km/h
V=60 Km/h
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
1500
-
of
V=40 Km/h
V=30 Km/h
V= 20 Km/h
4000
3000
2000
1200
-
5500
4000
2500
1500
600
350
250
Nh ng
t
Trang 92 | 130
6.2.4. Phng nv nn ng
of
Pr
o
Trang 93 | 130
- Thc hin cc yu cu v ngi trong qu trnh xy dng v qun l, bo tr, khai thc
cu; tin cy, tui th v khai thc lin tc, cng nh cc yu cu an ton, n nh,
thun tin cho cc phng tin giao thng qua li cu, m bo an ton cho con ngi.
- Phi xem xt chi tit cc yu cu an ton thot l v khng c lm hn ch hoc
lm thoc i lu lng dng chy sau khi xy dng cu;
- Phi la chn phng n thit k t hiu qu v kinh t, tit kim vt liu, nng
lng, ti nguyn thin nhin, sc lao ng v thun tin cho vic khai thc, s dng;
- Phi la chn phng n thit k n gin, thun tin cho vic sa cha, c kh nng
ng dng rng ri thit b thi cng hin i, m bo c gii ho, t ng ho, in hnh
ho cc gii php, s dng cc b phn, chi tit kt cu v vt liu lp ghp, tho mn cc
yu cu ca tiu chun k thut;
- Phi c tnh ton d bo v s pht trin tn sut v chng loi ti trng ca cc
phng tin giao thng trn tuyn trong tng lai, xem xt cc cng trnh nm pha trn
v pha di cu, ph hp vi quy hoch, kin trc chung ca qun th khu vc xy
dng;
- Phi xem xt cc bin php m bo mi trng xung quanh (trong l s nhim
mi trng, tng lng kh thi c hi, hiu ng nh knh, v cc qu trnh c hi
khc), nhm m bo cn bng mi trng khng kh v mi trng nc.
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cng g;
trn cc tuyn ph v ng ni
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- Ch cho php hng cc dng chy qua cu lch nhau theo cc trc song song khng
qu 10o;
- Tc cc dng chy khng c vt qu tc nc tnh ton sau khi xy dng
cu: hn 20% trong trng hp tc dng chy t nhin ca sng nh hn 2m/s v
10% khi tc dng chy t nhin ca sng ln hn 2,4m/s (i vi cc sng c tc
dng chy t nhin nm trong khong 2 - 2,4m/s, tc dng chy c xc nh theo
phng php ni suy tuyn tnh);
- Phn thn tr cu tip xc vi dng nc cn c cu to mt ct ngang sao cho t gy
cn tr ti dng chy.
b. S lng nhp v kt cu thot nc c xc nh da trn c s phn tch, tnh
ton thu vn, trong phi xem xt, nh gi y mc nh hng ca cc cng
trnh xy dng v mi trng xung quanh.
Ca x ngun nc qua cng trnh phi c xem xt b tr cho ph hp. Khng
cho php x nc c th gy xi l t nn ca cc cng trnh khc, t nh c, t rng.
c. Cc cu ng st c t ng ray trn kt cu ba-lt, cc cu nh v cu trung1
trn nm trn ng t v cu thnh ph, cng nh cc cng c php b tr thm cc
b phn kt cu thit k l ng v va h.
Cc cu ng st, phn mt cu khng c ba-lt dc ngang khng c vt
qu 4%.
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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Cp I
Cp II
Cp III
Cp IV
Nhp t 50-100m
Nhp t 25-50m
Nhp t
Nhp >200m
100-200m hoc s
dng cng ngh thi
cng mi, kin trc
c bit
Bng 5.2
Pr
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Loi ng
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Cng
BTCT
Cng thp
Cu
1,0
1,2
0,7
Mng li ng metro
0,4
1,0
0,7
0,5
0,5**
0,2
0,2***
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V mt kinh t phi so snh cc phng n theo gi thnh (thi cng v khai thc),
so snh gi thnh vn doanh cc phng n tuyn do cc v tr cu khc nhau gy nn.
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6.3.3.2 Mt ct dc tim cu
Nghin cu mt ct dc tim cu cho php xc nh v tr ca m tr, trnh vic t
tr vo ch su nht, phn b cc nhp thng thuyn, xc nh dc dc cu. Mt ct
ngang lng sng i xng th cng nn b tr kt cu nhp i xng c th p dng cc
n in hnh v cc gii php thi cng cu theo kiu hng lot.
6.3.3.3 Mt ct a cht dc tim cu
Cn c vo tnh hnh a cht dc tim cu, phi xc nh s b cc loi mng cu
v ng thi xc nh cc phng n kt cu nhp (kt cu tnh nh hay siu tnh). Trong
trng hp a cht li xu m chn phng n tr cao th tnh hnh thi cng phc tp,
gi thnh tr s t, khi nn lm kt cu nhp di. Nu a cht tt, tng t cng nm
khng su, iu kin thi cng d dng th c th dng cc kt cu nhp siu tnh, cc loi
kt cu nhp cu c lc y ngang.
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Ln phng n kt cu cu.
Kt cu cu trong nt giao phi m bo cc iu kin
Hn ch chiu cao kin trc.
D dng to dng.
Thun tin cho thi cng.
m bo tnh thm m, kin trc ca cng trnh.
6.4. Lp phng n cng trnh ngm - hm giao thng
6.4.1. Phn loi, phn cp v tui th cng trnh
6.4.1.1 Phn loi cng trnh
Phn loi cng trnh theo mc ch s dng:
Theo mc ch s dng, cng trnh hm giao thng c phn loi nh sau:
a) Hm ng st: Hm c xy dng trn tuyn ng st kh ray tiu chun
1000mm, 1435mm, ng n v ng i, khng hn ch tc chy tu v loi hnh
phng tin (in kh ha v khng in kh ha).
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
TT
Cp cng trnh
Chiu di hm
L (m)
Hm ng t ti thiu 2 ln xe.
1
c bit
Hm ng st ng i
Hm giao thng th
L = 3.000m
Hm ng t ti thiu 2 ln xe.
2
II
III
IV
L = 5.000m
Hm ng st n hoc ng i
Hm giao thng th
Hm ng t ti thiu 2 ln xe.
Hm ng st n hoc ng i
Hm giao thng th
Hm ng t ti thiu 2 ln xe.
Hm ng st n hoc ng i
Hm giao thng th
L < 100m
Hm ng t ti thiu 1 ln xe.
L< 100m
Hm ng st n hoc ng i
Cc loi
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Hm cho xe th s v ngi i b
Pr
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Yu cu chung
Khi thit k v xy dng cng trnh hm giao thng khng c vt ra ngoi phm
vi ch gii xy dng cng trnh hm c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
(b)
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(c)
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Khng cho php xy dng bt c cng trnh trn mt t hoc cng trnh ngm vi
phm hnh lang bo v cng trnh ngm. Trong trng hp cn thit phi c cc gii
php k thut c bit m bo an ton cho cng trnh hm xy dng.
(b)
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
6.4.3. Yu cu v vt liu
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6.4.3.1 Yu cu chung
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Vic la chn vt liu xy dng cng trnh hm giao thng ngoi nhng yu cu
chung , vt liu xy dng phi ph hp vi cng ngh xy dng hm v cc yu cu khc
nhm to ra h thng kt cu cng trnh bn vng v m bo cc nguyn tc sau:
u tin s dng vt liu xy dng sn c trong nc, m bo yu cu k thut v
hiu qu kinh t.
Vt liu khng gy c hi, nhim mi trng trong sut thi gian xy dng v
khai thc cng trnh, hn ch gy nh hng n ngun nc ngm.
Ph thi trong xy dng phi tnh n hu qu kinh t v phng php s l.
Vt liu xy dng m bo yu cu chng n v bi nh hng n c dn phm
vi xy dng.
Ton b cc phn l ra trong hm phi s dng vt liu chng chy n.
Tui th ca vt liu xy dng dng trong cng trnh hm giao thng t nht phi
bng tui th cng trnh.
6.4.3.2 Yu cu v vt liu thng thng
Vt liu thng thng bao gm kt cu thp, neo thp, b tng phun, b tng v b
tng ct thp, kt cu chng bng gang, va xi mng v ph gia cho b tngc
chn s dng trong xy dng cng trnh hm giao thng, c bit hm giao thng th
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
c xy dng trong vng c a cht yu, mc nc ngm cao, vt liu xy dng phi
m bo cc yu cu sau:
Nn chn vt liu b tng mc khng thp hn 28Mpa c chng thm cao
xy dng kt cu v hm.
Kt cu mt ng b tng xi mng c s dng trong hm ng t, vi hm
ng st phi dng t vt b tng ct thp hoc kt cu ray t trc tip, khng
c dng t vt g hoc vt liu d chy.
H thng kt cu ph tr trong hm phi chn loi vt liu c kh nng chng
chy n cao.
6.4.3.3 Yu cu v vt liu c chng
Vt liu c chng bao gm b tng t chng thm, vt liu phng nc, vt liu khe
ni cho kt cu v hm, vt liu gia c t trong qu trnh o hm. Khi s dng vt liu
c chng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
Ph gia dng cho b tng v va xi mng phi chn loi khng gy tc dng c
hi i vi mi trng.
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Cng tc thu thp s liu, kho st a hnh khu vc c thc hin theo tiu chun
chuyn ngnh v phi m bo cc yu cu c nu di y:
a) Thu thp bn a hnh khu vc, bnh v cc ti liu kho st a hnh cc
cng trnh xy dng ln cn phm vi nghin cu thit k.
b) Phi xc lp li khng ch mt bng h VN 2000, cao quc gia, s lng
im trong li ty quy m cp cng trnh la chn ph hp.
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Cng tc thu thp s liu, kho st a k thut khu vc c thc hin theo tiu
chun chuyn ngnh v phi m bo cc yu cu c nu di y:
a) Thu thp bn a cht khu vc, bnh v cc ti liu kho st a k thut bao
gm a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn cc cng trnh ln cn phm vi nghin
cu thit k.
b) Ty quy m cng trnh, cn thit lp bn a cht t l 1:10.000 n 1:5000
phc v cho nghin cu lp D n u t xy dng v t l 1:2.000 n 1:500 phc v
cho giai on thit k chi tit v giai on xy dng cng trnh.
c) Cc phng php kho st a k thut c th o a chn, khoan thm d a cht,
s lng v yu cu khoan phi ph hp yu cu tng giai on nghin cu thit k v
phi c Ch u t chp thun.
d) Cc ti liu thu thp v kho st a k thut cho cc giai on thc hin d n
phi iu kin lp c mt cu to a cht, mc nc ngm dc tuyn cng nh cc
iu kin a k thut c bit nh t gy, khu vc t yu, kh c trong lng t,
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Cng tc thu thp s liu, kho st kh tng thy vn c thc hin theo tiu chun
chuyn ngnh v phi m bo cc yu cu c nu di y:
a) D bo mc nc mt, nc ngm kh nng v lng nc chy vo hm trong
qu trnh xy dng, xem xt v nh gi cc vn k tip trong thit k, xy dng v tc
ng n mi trng xung quanh.
b) i vi hm xy dng qua ni, phi nh gi c mc nh hng ca sng
m i vi ng dn vo hm v khu vc ca hm.
c) Cc nh hng tc ng n mi trng khng kh, ngun nc b nhim bn, ln
st do mt nc ngm trong qu trnh xy dng hm cng nh giai on hon thnh v
a hm vo khai thc.
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a) Xy dng hm giao thng trn tuyn phi ph hp vi tiu chun k thut tuyn
ng.
b) Khi tham kho Tiu chun 22TCN272-05 xy dng hm chuyn dng, hm
phc v cc mc tiu khc phi cn c quy m cp cng trnh v tiu chun k thut
chuyn dng v c cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
(b)
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c) Khi lp thit k phi a ra gii php ph hp cng nh gii php cng ngh thi
cng nhm hn ch thp nht cc kh khn gp phi khi o hm cng nh kim sot
cht lng cng trnh v gi thnh xy dng.
Pr
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trnh.
Xy dng hm giao thng cc cp c quy m vnh cu v bn vnh cu phi thc
hin thit k 3 bc bao gm thit k c s, thit k k thut v thit k bn v thi cng.
a) Giai on chn tuyn: Thc hin lp bo ca u t, d n u t ty theo cp
cng trnh c quy nh trong ngh nh ca Chnh ph v qun l d n u t xy
dng cng trnh.
b) Giai on thit k chi tit: Lp thit k k thut cng trnh.
c) Giai on xy dng: Lp thit k bn v thi cng
6.4.5.2 Yu cu v tiu chun hnh hc, khng gian giao thng trong hm giao
thng
(a)
Yu cu v mt bng tuyn v hm
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Yu cu v trc dc tuyn v hm
(c)
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H thng thit b ph tr trong hm bao gm: thit b thng gi, chiu sng, an ton
giao thng
H thng hm thot him
a) i vi hm ng t, hm giao thng th t cp I tr ln, phi xy dng hm
thot him cho ngi v xe t di 12 ch. Trng hp xy dng 2 hm trn tuyn
khng yu cu xy dng hm thot him (hm ny lm chc nng thot him cho hm
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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a) Khi thit k v xy dng hm giao thng phi b tr h thng phng chng chy n
v c c quan qun l chuyn ngnh chp thun.
b) i vi hm ng t t cp III tr ln phi b tr cc bung k thut lp t
thit b phng chng chy n vi khong cch ti a 50m b tr pha ng ngi i
trong hm, vi hm ng st thit b c t trong cc hang trnh xe v hang ngi
trnh. H thng thit b phng chng chy trong hm phi s dng trong vng 1 gi.
c) i vi hm giao thng th t cp IV tr ln u phi b tr thit b phng
chng chy n.
H thng thng gi
a) Khi thit k v xy dng hm giao thng phi b tr h thng thng gi m bo
yu cu khng nh hng c hi n con ngi tham gia giao thng v tm nhn giao
thng trong hm.
b) Lng khi hn ch tm nhn v kh thi CO phi c kim sot tha mn cc
yu cu nu ti bng 4.2. v 4.3 di y:
Bng 4.2. Cc gii hn tm nhn do khi (gi cao im)
Loi giao thng
Giao thng thng sut
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
Tm nhn (%)
50 - 60
0,007 0,009
40 - 50
Hm b ng
0,012
30
Duy tu bo dng hm
0,003
74
100 - 150
100 - 150
Hm t b tc nghn
100 150
150 250
Hm ni 2 th
100 - 150
150 - 200
c) Khi thit k v xy dng hm giao thng phi tnh n cc gii php thng gi t
nhin, trng hp phi thng gi nhn to, tc gi trong hm phi m bo khng
vt qu 12m/s i vi hm giao thng 1 chiu v 8m/s i vi hm giao thng 2 chiu.
d) Hm cho ngi i b ct qua trc ng giao thng nn m ging ng ti v tr
di phn cch trn tuyn.
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H thng cp thot nc
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a) Tc ng do tnh ti v cc tc ng khc
Kt cu chng , v hm v kt cu ph tr khc
p lc nc ngm.
Pr
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b) Tc ng do hot ti v cc tc ng khc
-
p
a) Tc ng do tnh ti v cc tc ng khc
-
Kt cu chng , v hm v kt cu ph tr khc
p lc nc ngm v y ni.
b) Tc ng do hot ti v cc tc ng khc
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
c) Tc ng ng t
(c)
i vi hm giao thng th xy dng theo phng php o
hm bng TBM
a) Tc ng do tnh ti v cc tc ng khc
-
Kt cu chng , v hm v kt cu ph tr khc
p lc nc ngm v y ni.
b) Tc ng do hot ti v cc tc ng khc
dm
a) Tc ng do tnh ti v cc tc ng khc
Kt cu chng , v hm v kt cu ph tr khc
p lc nc ngm v y ni.
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b) Tc ng do hot ti v cc tc ng khc
-
Yu cu chung
MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy
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nh gi phn loi theo phng php RMR hoc phng php c quy
nh trong tiu chun chuyn ngnh v kho st thit k v xy dng hm qua
ni theo phng php NATM.
Tnh ton kt cu chng trn nguyn tc h thng kt cu chng l gii
php b xung, ci thin tnh cht ca t nhm m bo kh nng t chng
ca gng hm.
Lp v thc hin chu trnh thi cng o hm hp l v nhanh nht, kt cu
chng c lp t ng thi im v c kh nng chu lc khng chm
hn 8 gi.
Kim sot c trng thi ng sut v bin dng ca gng hm v on hm
thi cng. Ch c xy dng kt cu v hm khi mi trng t xung
quanh hm ht bin dng.
(c)
Hm giao thng th c xy dng theo phng php dng thit b TBM (Tunnel
Boring Machine) ngoi cc yu cu chung c nu ti mc 4.8.1, cn ch n cc yu
cu di y:
nh gi cc iu kin v t nn, nc ngm trong khu vc xy dng hm
theo cc phng php c quy nh trong tiu chun chuyn ngnh v kho
st thit k v xy dng hm trong mi trng t yu.
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Lp v thc hin chu trnh thi cng hm hp l v nhanh nht, thi cng hm
khng nh hng n giao thng ng thy.
6.4.5.5 Quan trc o c v qun l xy dng
Cng tc quan trc v o c c thc hin nhm kim sot c trng thi ca
ng hm khi o, hiu qu ca kt cu chng , nh gi s n nh v an ton ca
kt cu hm v kim chng s ng n ca thit k v xy dng trong sut qu trnh xy
dng. Ty theo phng php cng ngh v c th tng loi cng trnh, thc hin quan
trc o c theo cc yu cu sau:
Khi xy dng hm giao thng qua ni phi thc hin o c, kim sot ng
sut bin dng t gng v xung quanh hm, bin dng b mt v chuyn
v su ti khu vc o m ca hm. Cng tc o c thc hin trong qu
trnh xy dng v kt thc o khi kt qu cho thy hm n nh.
Khi xy dng hm giao thng trong th t su phi thc hin o c, kim
sot ln st, bin dng b mt v chuyn v su dc theo tuyn hm v ti khu
vc o m ca hm. Cng tc o c thc hin trong qu trnh xy dng v
kt thc o khi kt qu cho thy hm n nh.
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Khi chn gii php kt cu cng trnh hm giao thng, ngoi vic phi m bo cc
yu cu v bn v tui th cng trnh, cn xt n iu kin duy tu bo dng hm
trong sut qu trnh khai thc.
6.4.6.2 Qun l vn hnh hm
Sau khi hon thnh xy dng v a hm vo khai thc, cng tc qun l vn hnh
hm giao thng cc cp phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
Hm giao thng phi c s dng ng mc ch v yu cu thit k, khng
cho php cc phng tin giao thng khng ng chng loi thit k vo hm.
Hm giao thng cc cp phi c qun l vn hnh m bo cc yu cu v
giao thng thun li v an ton. Hm ng st t cp III tr ln, hm ng
t cp III c chiu di trn 500m tr ln, hm giao thng th t cp I tr
ln phi b tr trm gc v lc lng bo v ti v tr 2 ca hm.
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Trong giai on chn tuyn v thit k cng trnh hm giao thng phi lp phng n
nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n bao gm cc ni dung sau:
a) Kho st nh gi mi trng t nhin trc khi xy dng
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MSc. Nguyn Trng Ngha - B mn Cng trnh Giao thng Thnh ph & Cng trnh thy