Chng 2: TN HIU XC NH

1. Cc thng s c trng ca tn hiu

2. Tn hiu xc nh thc
3. Tn hiu xc nh phc
4. Phn tch tn hiu ra cc thnh phn
5. Phn tch tng quan tn hiu
6. Phn tch ph tn hiu
7. Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

1. Cc thng s c trng ca tn hiu

1.1 Tch phn tn hiu
1.2 Tr trung bnh ca tn hiu
1.3 Nng lng ca tn hiu
1.4 Cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu

1.1 Tch phn tn hiu

Cho x(t) l tn hiu xc nh, tch phn tn hiu c nh
ngha nh sau:
Vi x(t) tn ti trong khang thi gian hu hn (t 1- t2):
t2

x x(t )dt

Vi x(t) tn ti v hn , :

t1

x x(t )dt

1.2 Tr trung bnh ca tn hiu

Vi tn hiu c thi hn hu hn:

x
Vi tn hiu c thi hn v hn:

Vi tn hiu tun han:

t2

x(t )dt
t1

t 2 t1

1
x lim
T 2T
T

x(t )dt

1
x x (t )dt
T 0

1.3 Nng lng ca tn hiu Ex

Vi tn hiu c thi hn hu hn:

t2

x (t )dt

E x x

Vi tn hiu c thi hn v hn:

Ex
Nu

0 Ex

t1

(t )dt

tn hiu x l tn hiu nng lng

1.4 Cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu

Vi tn hiu c thi hn hu hn:

Px

t2

2
x
(t )dt
t1

t 2 t1

Vi tn hiu c thi hn v hn:

1
Px lim
T 2T

Vi tn hiu tun han:

Nu

0 Px

x 2 (t )dt

1 2
Px x (t )dt
T 0
tn hiu x l tn hiu cng sut

V d nng lng ca tn hiu Ex

x 2e

dt

2e

t
0

21 0 2

2e dt

Ex x

t 2

4e dt 2e
2t

2(1 0) 2

2t
0

V d nng lng ca tn hiu Ex

V d cng sut ca tn hiu Px

1
x1 lim
T 2T

t
2
1

e
dt

1
t T
lim t e

0
T T
1
lim
T e T 0 1
T T
1

Px1 x
2
lim
T T
2

1
lim
T 2T

1 2e
0

t
4
1

e
dt

e 2t dt

V d cng sut ca tn hiu Px

BI TP
Hy tnh tch phn, nng lng, rng trung bnh ca
cc tn hiu sau:

Chng II: TN HIU XC NH

1. Cc thng s c trng ca tn hiu
2. Tn hiu xc nh thc
3. Tn hiu xc nh phc
4. Phn tch tn hiu ra cc thnh phn
5. Phn tch tng quan tn hiu
6. Phn tch ph tn hiu
7. Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

2. Tn hiu xc nh thc
2.1 Tn hiu nng lng
2.2 Tn hiu cng sut
2.3 Tn hiu phn b

2.1 Tn hiu nng lng

2.1.1 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn
2.1.2 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn v hn

2.1 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn

a. Xung vung gc

1
x (t ) t
2
1

t 1/ 2
t 1/ 2
1/ 2

1/ 2

t 1/ 2

dt 1

1/ 2

t c
x (t ) a

Ex

dt 1

1/ 2

x ab
Ex a 2b

2.1 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn (tt)

b. Xung tam gic

t
1 t
x (t ) t
0

t 1
t 1

01

01

x (1 t )dt (1 t )dt 1
E x (1 t )2 dt (1 t )2 dt 2 / 3

t t 0
x (t ) A

V d tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn (tt)

2.1 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn (tt)

c. Xung hm m

T
t

t
2
x(t ) Xe

x Xe
0

X
dt (1 e T )

2
X
E x X 2e 2 t dt
(1 e 2T )
2
0

>0

2.1 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn hu hn (tt)

d. Xung cosin

x (t ) X cos 0t

20

20

2X
X cos 0tdt
0

X2
Ex
20

2.2 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn v hn

a. Hm m suy gim
Xe t

t 0

t 0

x (t )

x Xe
0

>0

X
dt

2
X
E x X 2e 2 t dt
2
0

2.2 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn v hn (tt)

b. Tn hiu sin suy gim theo hm m

Xe t sin 0t

t 0

t 0

x (t )

0
x X 2 2
0

Ex

X 2 02

4 2 2 02

2.2 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn v hn (tt)

c. Tn hiu Sa

sin 0t

x (t ) Sa0t 0t
1

x
0

Ex

t 0
t 0

2.2 Tn hiu nng lng c thi hn v hn (tt)

d. Tn hiu Sa20t
sin2 0t

0t

x(t ) Sa 0t
2

t0
t=0

2
Ex
30

2.2 Tn hiu cng sut

2.2.1 Tn hiu CS khng tun han
2.2.2 Tn hiu tun han

2.3 Tn hiu cng sut khng tun hon

a. Bc nhy n v 1(t)

t>0
1

x (t ) 1(t ) 1/ 2 t = 0
0
t<0

1
1
x lim dt
T 2
2
0

1
Px
2

zn (t ) nt
2

1
2n

1
1
t
2n
2n
1
t
2n

2.3 Tn hiu cng sut khng tun han (tt)

b. Hm m tng dn

X 1 e t

x (t )

t0

t<0

>0

x(t ) X 1 e t 1(t )

1
x lim
T 2T

X (1 e
0

X
)dt ;
2

X2
Px
2

2.3 Tn hiu cng sut khng tun han (tt)

b. Tn hiu Sgn(t)

1 t>0

x(t ) Sgn(t ) 0 t 0
1 t < 0

1
x lim

T 2T

1
Px lim

T 2T

T (1)dt 0 (1)dt 0
0

T (1) dt 0 (1) dt 1
0

2.4 Tn hiu tun han

a. Tn hiu iu ha
X cos 0t

x(t)

X cos 0t
X
t

x 0

X2
Px
2

2.4 Tn hiu tun han (tt)

b. Dy xung vung gc lng cc
x(t) pha = 0

pha = /4

x 0

Px X 2

c. Tn hiu xung vung gc n cc

/2

1
X
x
Xdt
;

T / 2
T
/2

1
X 2
2
Px
X dt
;

T / 2
T

2.3 Tn hiu phn b

2.3.1 Phn b (t)
2.3.2 Phn b lc

2.4 Tn hiu phn b

a. Phn b (t)

t
va t dt 1
-
t 0
0 t 0

0 t t

0
t t0
va t t dt 1
0
-
t t0

2.4 Tn hiu phn b

Tnh cht

(1)
(2)

a t dt a t dt a
t' dt' 1(t);

d1(t)
(t)
dt

(3) x(t) t x(0) t

x(t) (t t0 ) x(t0 ) (t t0 )

(4)

x(t) t dt x(0); x(t) (t t ) x(t )

0

2.4 Tn hiu phn b

(4)

x(t) t dt x(0); x(t) (t t ) x(t )

0

t
(5) t0 t
t0

(6) t t

(7) x(t) t x t
x(t) (t t0 ) x(t t0 )

2.4 Tn hiu phn b

b. Phn b lc |||(t)

||| t

t n ; n Z

1 t
||| t nT ; n Z
T T n

2.4 Tn hiu phn b

Tnh cht
(1) Tnh cht ri rc (nhn thng)

1 t
x(t). ||| x(t) t nT x(nT ) t nT
T T
n
n

(2) Tnh cht lp tun han (nhn chp)

1 t
x(t) ||| x(t) t nT x(t nT )
T T
n
n

Chng II: TN HIU XC NH

1. Cc thng s c trng ca tn hiu
2. Tn hiu xc nh thc
3. Tn hiu xc nh phc
4. Phn tch tn hiu ra cc thnh phn
5. Phn tch tng quan tn hiu
6. Phn tch ph tn hiu
7. Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

3. Tn hiu xc nh phc
x t Re x(t) j Im x(t)

Ex

Nng lng ca tn hiu phc:

x(t) dt
t2

Px

Cng sut trung bnh:

x t

Re x t Im x t
2

x(t)

dt

t1

t2 t1
T

1
2
Px lim
x(t) dt

T 2T
T

1
2
Px x(t) dt
T0

Chng II: TN HIU XC NH

1. Cc thng s c trng ca tn hiu
2. Tn hiu xc nh thc
3. Tn hiu xc nh phc
4. Phn tch tn hiu ra cc thnh phn
5. Phn tch tng quan tn hiu
6. Phn tch ph tn hiu
7. Truyn tn hiu qua mch tuyn tnh

4. Phn tch tn hiu ra cc thnh phn

4.1 Thnh phn thc, o
4.2 Thnh phn chn v l
4.3 Thnh phn xoay chiu v mt chiu

4.1 Thnh phn thc, o

1

Re x t [x(t) x (t)]
2
1

x t Re x(t) j Imx(t); Imx t [x(t) x (t)]

2j
x Re x(t) j Imx(t) ;
x t Re x(t) j Imx(t);

x Re x(t) j Im x(t) ;
Ex

x(t) dt ERex EImx

Px PRex PImx

4.2 Thnh phn chn, l

x t xch(t) xl (t);

xch t xch(t)

xl t xl (t)

V d: Thnh phn chn v l ca

x(t) = e-t1(t)

1
xch(t) [x t x(t)]
2
1
xl (t) [x t x(t)]
2
xl 0 xl 0
Ex Exch Exl
Px Pxch Pxl

4.3 Thnh phn mt chiu, xoay chiu

x t x x%
(t);

x% 0

x% 0

E x E x E ~x

Trong :

x x

x%

:thnh phn mt chiu

:thnh phn xoay chiu

Px Px P~x
V d: Thnh phn mt chiu v xoay chiu ca TH x(t) :

BI TP
Hy tm thnh phn chn, l ca cc tn hiu sau. Trong
mi trng hp chng minh chng trc giao v cng sut
trung bnh ca tn hiu bng tng cng sut thnh phn