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Jeans
Jeans
C o n s u m e r B u y i n g B e h a v i o r o f J e a n s a n d T-s h i r t s
A Report Submitted by
S.ANUSHA NADIU
Roll Number: 10304
PGDM 2010-2012
(2009-2011)
Executive Summary
I decided to have a market research on jean and t-shirt buying behavior of consumers of
Hyderabad city. This study was carried out to determine different factors affects the purchase
decision for jeans and t-shirts, consumer preferences for different brands, and ways to effectively
influence consumer decisions. During the event I decided to get feedback from customers who
normally visit various types of outlets for the purchase, so that appropriate primary data can be
collected through questionnaire.
Introduction
In determining the Buyer behavior of Jeans and T-shirts, we have taken Buyer behavior
stimulus response model to determine the buyer decision making process towards jeans and tshirts and how buyer characteristics will be affected by the marketing stimuli and how the Buyer
responses change in taking purchase decision. A well-developed and tested model of buyer
behavior is known as the stimulus-response model, which is summarized in the diagram below:
In the above model, marketing and other stimuli enter the customers black box and produce
certain responses. Marketing management must try to work out what goes on the in the mind of
the customer the black box. The Buyers characteristics influence how he or she perceives
the stimuli; the decision-making process determines what buying behavior is undertaken.
Research objectives
d) To assess which brand of jeans and T-shirts are most preferred by customers.
e) To find out the impact of sales promotions during a purchase.
Methodology:
Method of Data Collection:
Primary data was collected through survey. The questionnaire was prepared asking
respondent about their purchase behavior towards jeans. The basic research
instrument used is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent through mail to all
the VJIM students in Hyderabad. The questionnaire is a mixed bag of open ended
and closed ended questions. The questionnaires were either filled by the
respondents themselves or were dictated by the respondents. The respondent was
free to give his opinion on the questions.
Data search:
The survey was conducted outside shopping malls, multiplexes and in Vignan Jyothi
Institute of Management.
Sample Design
Only those wearing jeans and T-shirts were taken as respondents, so non-probability
judgment sampling is employed 40 respondents were surveyed for research.
Sample Profile:
Gender
no
percent
Male
22
55%
Female
18
45%
Occupation
Students
34
85%
Employees
15%
Age
Range
Up to 20
No
4
21 to 25
30
25 to 30
Research design
The primary data was obtained from the respondents, using a questionnaire.
The data collected was evaluated manually. Percentage was used to estimate
the proportion for various aspects under consideration. Microsoft Excel was
used to depict graphical representations of the analytical inferences and
tabulations.
a. Data Collection method
The primary data using different techniques like focus group discussion with the experts , depth
interview with the stores salesmen and sales managers , by mails , face-to-face etc ).By doing so,
we come to certain factors which majorly affects the Buying Behavior of Jeans and T-shirts.
To mention, some of the factors we found are Quality, Design, Price , Durability ,Variants,
Comfort, Trendy, Brand name. Later we will go with the detailed explanation of these factors.
b. Measurement:
To address the research objectives of our study , we need to take the information from every
corner of the topic. So, we have used Stimuli-response model to observe how marketing stimuli
and other stimuli affects the buying characteristics of the consumers and change in Buying
Decision process results in responses. We have made a Questionnaire which involves different
questions related to the buying pattern of consumers for Jeans and T-shirts. Based on the
factors we have found and by the responses taken, we will come to the understandings like
Buying Behavior differences between Jeans and T-shirts, consumer preferences based upon
different factors for Jeans and T-shirts, Buying pattern of different customers based upon
demographics etc.
c. Analysis procedures
We are making different conclusions based upon the Questionnaire responses and next is what
factors mainly influence the Buyer Behavior using Ranking method by taking mean of
the factors .I focused on which type of promotions mostly affects the Buyer Behavior and what
kind of advertisements affects the Buyer characteristics using comparative mean method. Finally
based on the consumption pattern I analyzed which type of customers prefers which type of
place to buy their Jeans and T-shirts.
Results:
The result showed that there is no significant difference between the buying behavior of
consumers between Jeans and T-shirts. I took the sample of 40 respondents and based upon their
responses we collected some data depicting their preferences among different factors for Jeans
and T-shirts.
Limitations of the methodology:
It should be noted that the research methodology was limited by the
following factors:
a)This being a judgment sampling, the analysis may not be the true picture
of the target population.
b)Limited time frame was the biggest constraint.
Applying Marketing Mix Modeling in the Jeans and T-shirts Business
Global marketplace is going through drastic changes and industry players find their marketing
playbook becoming obsolete. Market today consists of hundreds of salesmen, all pushing their
products which are similar in nature and shoppers keep moving from store to store, bargaining.
The prices fall eventually, a decision taken by the business owners hoping for a lasting
relationship with the consumer. There is an increase in the amount of disposable income of the
people, and media has created a change in their lifestyle. Despite consumers tend to spend more,
marketers are finding it difficult to maintain or increase their wallet share due to globalization
and cut-throat competition.
But successful products touch the customer emotionally. A clear
understanding of the customers psychology is essential for
companies to sustain themselves in the market. Businesses
formulate their strategies in such a way that the product become
more appealing to the consumers, and turns an ordinary shopper into a long term consumer.
Brands plan their marketing
Various components are used in the marketing plans of a business; advertising, promotion,
packaging, media weight level, sales force number etc. But, the number of inputs and the
resulting outcome in terms of sales or profit is the workhorse. Marketing mix modeling is the art
of using statistical analysis on sales and marketing to estimate and manipulate various
promotional tactics on sales, and further forecast the result of promotional tactics.
fragmented nature of apparels, and fashion sector, a Jeans or T-shirt brand must differentiate
itself from its competitors right from the stage it enters the market.
Price:In case of apparels, especially in Jeans, price is not of big importance. Gone are the times
when companies competed on price. Service is the key today which will shift to focus on
personality in the future. Innovative designs are no longer a competitive advantage. New
sketches are transformed into garments and make their way in store shelves within a span of
three weeks. New disposable fashion has shortened the product development cycle from 16
months to 20 days.
Promotion:In integrated communication is an essential part of
the marketing mix. This is even more important for Jeans and
T-shirt industry as communication is a critical tool in creating an impression in the minds of the
consumers. A Jeans or T-shirt, to become acceptable by public must first be adopted by a group
which has acknowledged respect in the society. Celebrities are the most influential people who
can influence public opinion. CPR (Consumer Personal Reference) marketing refers to the
process of marketing where a customer publicizes a brand by accepting the product and
spreading the trend by word of mouth.
Product:Product not only refers to tangible items but also to intangible attributes such as brand
name and customer service. Earlier it was believed that a good product will sell itself. In todays
competitive market, there is no such commodity as bad product. So, manufacturers must focus
on creating a product or service that will satisfy the demands of the consumers. The product
characteristics must be defined with functionality, quality, appearance, brand service, support and
warranty.
Place:Apart from price and quality, the place of
distribution must also be taken into consideration
while creating a right marketing mix, as the Jeans
and T-shirt industry is primarily based on perception. Store designs must be deployed to create an
elegant atmosphere emphasizing a brand image and reflecting current trends. Focus must also be
kept on the distribution processes and partners, without which even excellent products will fail.
Big revolutions in business have come about by changing place. Location, logistics, channel
motivation, service levels, and channel members must be taken into consideration.
Good marketing mix is like an appetizing food recipe. The key for a successful strategy is the
right combination of ingredients to get the right taste of food. The key ingredients of a successful
marketing mix modeling such as product, price, place, and promotion needs to be combined in
the right way, and in the right time for an appropriate marketing of a product.
The first stage of understanding buyer behavior is to focus on the factors that determine he
buyer characteristics in the black box. These can be summarised as follows:
characteristics. Social classes have several characteristics. First, those within each class tend to
behave more alike than persons from two different social classes. Second, Person is perceived as
occupying inferior or superior position according to social class. A cluster of variables indicates
third, social classes. For example, occupation, income wealth, education and value orientation
rather than by any single variable. Fourth, individuals can move up or down the social class
ladder during their lifetimes. A consumer behavior is influenced by social factors such as
reference group, family and social roles and statues.
Reference Group :
A reference group consists of all the groups that have a direct (face to face) or indirect influence
on person's attitude or behavior. Groups, which have a direct influence on person, are called
membership groups. Some membership groups are primary groups , such as family, friends,
neighbors, and co- workers, with whom the person interacts fairly continuously and informally.
People also belong to secondary groups, such as religious, professional and trade union groups,
which tend to be more formal and require less continuous interaction. People are significantly
influenced by their reference groups in at least three ways. Reference groups expose an
individual to new behaviors and lifestyles and influence product and brand choices. Marketers
try to identify target customers reference groups. However level of reference group influence
varies among products and brands.
Family :
The family is the most important consumer- buying organization in society, and family members
constitute the most influential primary reference group. A more direct influence on everyday
buying behavior of an individual is of one's spouse and children. Marketers are interested in the
roles and relative influence of the husband, wife and children in the purchase of a variety of
products and services. These roles vary widely in different countries and social classes.
Roles and Status :
A person participate in many groups family, clubs, organizations. The person's position in each
group can be defined in terms of role and status. A role consists of activities that a person is
expected to perform. Each role carries a status. A supreme court justice has more status than a
sales manager and a sales manager has more status than an officer clerk. People choose products
that communicate their roles and status in the society. Marketers must be aware of the status
symbol potential of products and brands.
Affect of Cultural Influences
Culture refers to a set of values, traditions or beliefs, which guide the individual behavior. in a
way culture is normative as it prescribes norms of acceptable human behavior. In other words
culture refers to values, ideas, attitudes and other meaningful symbol created by people to shape
human behavior and the art facts of that behavior transmitted from one generation to another. For
examples, beef is not very readily accepted in the Hindu society and likewise pork in the Muslim
society. The use of a fork or knife to eat food by Indian family is a value acquired through
acculturation. In any culture there are subcultures that exist. These are different nationalities
religious and geographic groups. For example in India we have Hindus Muslims Jews Christians
and Sikhs as exciting religious subcultures. A marketer needs to be aware of these cultural and
sub cultural influences on consumer preferences. This will affect his brand, packaging
advertising sales promotion and even distribution decision. A culture's values are likely to
Influence its members purchases and consumption pattern. For example, one consumer may
place a high value on achievement and may demonstrate success with symbols of luxury and
prestige. Culture not only influences consumer behavior, it reflects it. The preponderance of
exercise machines, fitness club, skin care lotions, diet foods, and low fat products reflects the
emphasis.
Indian youth places on fitness. Culture is therefore a mirror of both values and
out that it is not just the buying of goods/services that receives attention in consumer behavior
but, the process starts much before the goods have been acquired or bought. A process of buying
starts in the minds of the consumer, which leads to the finding of alternatives between products
that can be acquired with their relative advantages and disadvantages. This leads to internal and
external research and then follows a process of decision-making for purchase and using the
goods, and then the post purchase behavior which is also very important.
altering the physical characteristics of the product, while extrinsic ones are those that are exerted
by manufacturers or retailers and do not form the component parts of the product. Different
criteria may have varied importance in every consumers mind. While consumers would assign
high importance on the criteria that can really reflect their underlying characteristics and
experiences. Since the critical characteristics of apparel(Jeans and T-shirts) can always determine
its ultimate purchase acceptance or rejection by consumers ,the criteria that consumers use in
Jeans and T-shirts purchase decisions have long been regarded as an important issue for
investigation in many previous consumer behavioral studies. Researchers have identified many
product attributes and criteria that are critical for fashion consumers in Jeans and
T-shirts purchase, and basically all these can be summarized under intrinsic and extrinsic
categories. We have summarized the criteria that influence consumers evaluation of apparel
(Jeans and T-shirts) products in into 9 extrinsic and 14 intrinsic attributes (Table 1).
Summary of findings from the study of clothing(Jeans and T-shirts) choice criteria
Results found that fit; comfort, style, color and workmanship were the most important attributes
for Indian consumers in buying Jeans and T-shirts. Although there are many studies having
investigated the clothing (Jeans and T-shirts) choice criteria, investigation on the relationship
between these criteria and consumer decision-making behavior is still lacking.
Analysis Procedure
We can find out there is no much difference between the attributes that the customers
considered as important. The respondents whose age varies from 17 to 29 selected brand
name as the least factor when they make a purchase. Respondents believe that comfort,
quality and deign are the important factors which can influence their purchasing decision. We
can conclude that the respondents in the age group of 17 to 29 are not bothered about the
brand. They are more conscious about the quality and the fashion of the product they
purchase.
When relating the purchase pattern of the t-shirts with that of the place of purchase.
It can be concluded from the response given by respondents that most of the
customers (male and female) belonging to the segment (501-1000), nearly about
80% of them intend to make a purchase in shopping malls. It can be observed that
both the female and male customers belonging to the segment (>1000) are
intended to buy in company outlets .Male customers belonging to the segment
(<250) are intended to buy in local outlets where as the other not. The majority of
the respondents show a liking towards sales promotions. From this we can conclude
that the respondents who prefer malls and factory outlets expect sales promotions
like discounts and free gifts.
The above graph shows the frequency of purchase of T shirts by the respondents. It
has been concluded that majority of the respondents in the segment (251-500)
usually prefer to make a purchase once in every 6 months. From these graph it is
evident that the respondents who spends more for t shirts would not make purchase
frequently. We can conclude from this graph that among youngsters (respondents of
age group 17- 29) frequently buy low cost T shirt and they are not showing any
brand consciousness. They are more concerned about the comfort and the trend of
the T shirt.
It is here by inferred from the respondent's reply that most of the customers who
belong to the cluster of <250 and 251 - 500 will make a purchase based on the
discount factor as the primary and secondly brand name for male and
advertisement for female .Where as the other factors like purchasing based on the
type of endorser and design of the t-shirt are considered to be very less while
making a purchase decision. The cluster group 501 - 1000 consider brand name and
discount/offers to more or less same extent while concluding about the purchase of
a t-shirt. the other group 1000 and above consider the factors like brand name,
endorser and discount factors for making a particular decision.
Regarding the influence of several media channels on the purchase decision of a tshirt, it is jolted down that the cluster group who belong to 251 - 500, mostly about
60% of them make a purchase decision based on the word of mouth, secondly
television plays a next prominent role in influencing the customers and newspapers
also contribute to influence the buying pattern. It is almost the same with the other
group who belong to 501 - 1000 where word of mouth plays a significant role and
television the next leading role. In influencing the other group 1000 and above, for
which media should play a prominent role, it is drawn that television, word of mouth
and newspapers play a more or less equal role in purchasing decision.
Our analysis on the customer preference on the location reveals that 84% of the respondents
make purchase from shopping malls and they are ready to spend an amount ranges from 500
to 1000. It has been concluded that very less number of respondents preferred exclusive
show rooms and factory outlets except the segment >1500. The analysis reveals that majority
of the respondents are not preferring online shopping and a very few number of respondents
prefer costly jeans (cost more than 1500).
Our another analysis shows that about 50 % (500-1000 and 1000-1500) prefer discounts.
From this we can conclude that may be the availability of sales promotions in malls makes
that one of the hot spot for shopping.
The respondents are mostly interested in the discount offers offered by the companies where
as the female respondents are interested in lucky draws and tour packages. Male respondents
also interested in lucky draws and tour packages but to a smaller extent. The segment >1500
are interested in tour packages to a larger extent, so the consumers who are under the
segment <500 buy more when the companies offer discounts rather than any other promotion
tools and the customers who are under the segment >1500 buy more when the companies use
lucky draws and tour packages.
.
The survey tells that none of the respondents didnt show interest in online shopping and
didnt get any information regarding jeans online. Every segment showed interest in getting
information from family/friends and television. These segments the 500 to 1000 segment got
most of the information from television, family/friends and print media. Whereas the
segment 1000 to 1500 got most of the information from friends/family, the segments of <500
and above 1500 were not at all influenced by television
The print media had a minor configuration in four segments that is <500,500 to 1000, 1000
to 1500 and >1500.The respondents showed more interest in discounts. They consulted more
with family and friends so they got much of the information from them and those
advertisements on discounts in television made these two to get more information.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Consumer buying behavior of T-Shirts and jeans
Dear friends,
As a part of my CIS I would like to gather some information from you which will help
me in depth of my CIS. I would be obliged if you co-operate with me in filling the questionnaire.
Occupation:
1) Do you prefer wearing t-shirts & jeans?
a) Yes
b) No
If yes then proceed to the next question.
2) How much do you spend for a T-Shirt?
a) Less than 250
b) 251 -500
c) 501 1000
d) above 1000
3) What brand of T-Shirts do you usually buy and why?(you can choose more
than one)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Reebok
Proline
Levis
Not Brand conscious
Others specify_______________.
d) Embroidery
e) Printed
5) Rate these factors according to your order of ranking before buying t-shirts
(1-highest,8-lowest)
a) Durability ----------------------------------------b) Variants ----------------------------------------c) Design
-----------------------------------------d) Price
----------------------------------------e) Comfort --------------------------------------------------
f) Trendy
------------------------------------------------g) Quality
-------------------------------------------------h) Brand name ----------------------------------------------6) What attracts you more in buying a new t-shirt?
a) Brand name
b) Brand endorsements
c) Discounts or offers
d) Advertisements
e) Others (please specify) __________________
b) Company outlets
c) Shopping Malls
d) Local shops
e) Others (please specify)__________________.
9) How often do you buy jeans?
a) Once in a month
b) Once in every 3 month
c) Once in every six month
d) Once in an year
e) More than one year
10)
Could you please tell how much would you spend for a jeans?
Less than 500
Between 500 and 1000
Between 1000 and 1500
Between 1500 and 2000
11)
Rate the following according to order of rankings before you consider
to buy a jeans?
((1- highest,8-lowest))
a) Durability ----------------------------------------b) Variants ----------------------------------------a)
b)
c)
d)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Design
-----------------------------------------Price
----------------------------------------Comfort -------------------------------------------------Trendy
------------------------------------------------Quality
-------------------------------------------------Brand name -----------------------------------------------
6) Which of the following brands you usually consider while buying a jeans?
a) Levis
b) Denim
c) Killer
d) Koutons
e) Others (please specify)________________________
7) Would you prefer sales offers?
a) Yes
b) No
If yes, continue
Which of the following sales offers you prefer?
Discounts
Free gifts
Lucky draw
Tour packages
Others (Specify)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Friends
Colloquies
Experts
Others (please specify)_________________.
Thank you for providing your valuable insights, I really appreciate your
frankness.