Summary of Formulas:

Torque Tubes: Shafts

1.

T = dP

2.

dP=dA

3.

=G

4.

5.

s=

6.

7.

max =

8.

J=

4 4
D = r
32
2

9.

J=

( Do4 Di4 )= (r o 4r i 4)
32
2

10.

P=2 NT

s
L

TL 180

GJ

Tr
J

P(hp)=

11.

2 N ( rpm ) T (inlbs)
396000

Torque Tubes: Other Symmetrical Sections and Thin Open Sections

Elliptical Tube
max =

2 T b1
(a1 b13a2 b 23 )

a1 b 1
>
a2 b 2

2 a1=2 a22t

m=

a2 b2
=
a1 b1

TL(a12b 12)
180
=

3 3
4

G a1 b 1 (1m )

Rectangular Tube
max =

9T b1
3

16(a 1 b 1 a2 b2 )

40 I p TL
4

A G

180

4
I p = ab( a2+ b2 )
3

I p=

4
2
2
2
2
a 1 b 1) ( a1 + b1 ) ( a2 b2 ) ( a 2 +b 2 )
(
3

Rectangular Solid Tube

max =

T (9 a+15 b)
; a> b
4 a b3

40 I p TL
4

A G

180

Elliptical Solid Tube

max =

2T
2
a b

TL(a2 +b 2) 180

G a 3 b 3

Thin-Open Sections
max =

T
k1

k 1= 1 b1 t 1 + 2 b2 t 2 ++ n b n t 2

TL 180

k 2G

k 2= 1 b1 t 13 + 2 b 2 t 23+ + n bn t 23

b/t

1.5

1.75

2.5

10

0.208

0.231

0.239

0.246

0.258

0.267

0.282

0.299

0.307

0.313

0.333

0.141

0.195

0.214

0.229

0.249

0.263

0.281

0.299

0.307

0.313

0.333

Torsion of Thin-Walled Closed Sections

1.

T = rdP

2.

T = rqdL

3.

rdL=2 dA=2 A

4.

q=

T
2A

5.

q
t

180

TCL
=

4 A 2>
6.

Single Cell Torque Box with No Bending Material Present

MC
I

1.)

B=

2.)

3.)

q=T

4.)

q=

5.)

q=

6.)

q=

7.)

T =2 Aq

8.)

Fv Q
bI

Fv Q
I

F v Q1
bI

T
2A

T
180
L
JG

T
dl
180
L

2
t

4A G

10.)

Tq
dl
180
L

2 AG t

11.)

dlt = t 1 + t 2 + t 3 + etc .

9.)

Single Cell Torque Box with One Bending Material Present

1.)

P=( qw +q n ) h

2.)

T =2 A qn

3.)

n=

4.)

w =

5.)

e=
6.)

qn
tn

qw
tw

L
1
h
180
qn n qw
L
2 AG
tn
tw

2A
t
Ln w +h
tn

()

Single Cell Torque Box with Two Mending Material Present

1.)

q F =q1 +q S

2.)

q R =q Sq 2

3.)

q 2=

4.)

q R =q S

5.)

T =2 A qS q 2 h2 b

6.)

P=q 1 h1+ q2 h2

P QR
I

PQ R
I

Two Cell Torque Box (Case I, II, and III)

1.)

q R =q2

2.)

qW 2=

3.)

qR=

4.)

qW 2=

S QR
I

S QR
I

A R h2
2

S A R h2
2I

5.)

S A R h2 2
S 2=
2I

6.)

I R=2 A R

7.)

S 2=

S I2
I

8.)

S 1=

P I1
I

9.)

T =2 A 1 q 1+ 2 A 2 q 2q w2 h2 d

10.)

1 G=

L
h
1
q1 ABC + ( q1qw1q2 ) 1
2 A1
t ABC
t AC

11.)

2 G=

h
h
L
L
1
q 2q w2 ) 2 + ( q2 q1 +q w1 ) 1 +q 2 CD + EA
(
2 A2
t DE
t AC
t CD t EA

h2
2

( )

Joints and Fittings

1.)

P
A

]
(

)]

2.)

MS=FS1

3.)

FS=

4.)

S==

5.)

BR=

6.)

S==

7.)

T =

P
( wd ) t

8.)

T =

P
( sd ) t

9.)

x=e + R

Allo .
W

4P
d2

P
P
=
A BR td

P
2 xt

r2
r
sin2 40 cos 40
2
R
R

Ultimate Strength of AN Bolts

Steel
AN No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16

24S-T Aluminum Alloy

Shear
Tension

Num

Shear

Tension

diameter

S=75000

T =125000

S=35000

T =62000

3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1

2125
3680
5750
8280
11250
14700
18700
23000
32150
45050
58900

2210
4080
6500
10100
13600
18500
23600
30100
44000
60000
80700

990
1715
2685
3870
5250
6850
8700
10750
15500
21050
27500

1100
2030
3220
5020
6750
9180
11700
14900
21800
29800
40000