qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-

kvleviTi institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali)
tomi XII, gv., 346-350

giorgi qavTaraZe

iberiis samefos warmarTuli panTeonis

sakiTxisaTvis
"qarTlis cxovrebaSi" mecnier kacTa mier CarTuli damatebis,
"andria mociqulis qadageba saqarTveloSi" CanarTis (BP’b) Tanaxmad,
awyvers (Tanamed. md. awyuri) mosuli andria pirvelwodebuli SeCerebula
"adgilsa erTsa, sada igi iyo taZari sakerpo"…(qc, I, 39:27-29 - aq da
qvemoT - s. yauxCiSvili, 1955). imave CanarTis sxva adgilas awyverSi
mdebare am taZris Taobaze nauwyebia, rom "...iyo qalaqsa mas Sina
bomoni sakerpo, romelsa Sina imsaxurebodes bilwni RmerTni maTni
artemi da apolon" da rom "apolon da artemi arian didni RmerTni"
(qc, I, 41:4-5, 8). cxadia, rom es "didni RmerTni apolon da artem"
berZnul-romauli panTeonis RvTaebebi - apoloni da artemidea (romauli
Apollo da Diana).
"qarTlis cxovrebis" zemoaRniSnuli CanarTis mixedviT, ax. w. I
saukunis Suaxanebis qarTlis anu iberiis samefos dasavleT nawilSi
damkvidrebuli yofila apolonisa da artemides kulti _ aq maT
saxelze nagebi taZaria da aqve adgili hqonia maT kultmsaxurebas.
bunebrivia kiTxva: ra viTareba unda yofiliyo am mxriv iberiis samefos
dedaqalaqSi, mcxeTa-armazcixeSi, sadac, qarTuli matianeebis Tanaxmad,
aRmarTuli iyo qveynis ZiriTadi RvTaebebis gamosaxulebebi.
marTalia, am RvTaebebs Soris – armazi, zadeni, gaci, gaimi
("moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" - ga), ainina, danina – ar aris dasaxelebuli
arc apoloni da arc artemi (artemide), magram Zneli warmosadgenia,
zemoxsenebuli CanarTis informacia qarTlSi apolonisa da artemides
kultis arsebobis Sesaxeb yovelgvar safuZvels moklebuli yofiliyo,
miT umetes, rom es RvTaebebi moixseniebian rogorc "didni RmerTni".
savaraudo xdeba, rom mcxeTa-armazcixis zemoCamoTvlil RvTaebaTa
Soris sxva saxelwodebiT yofiliyvnen nagulisxmevi apoloni da artemide,
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom apoloni da artemide tyup RvTaebebs
warmoadgenen, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas unda ipyrobdes RvTaebaTa
wyvili gaci da gaimi; orive es kerpi xom yovelTvis erTmaneTisagan
ganuyoflad da erT konteqstSi moixsenieba xolme.
"wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqcevis" cnobiT, `...kualad (armazisa
– g. q.) iyo marjueniT missa kaci oqrosi da saxeli misi gaci; da
marcxeniT missa udga kaci vecxlisa, da saxeli misi gaim, romelni-igi
RmerTad uCndes ersa mas qarTlisasa" (qc, I, 89:17-90:1-2). imave teqstis
XII s-is somxuri Targmanis (originalis Semoklebuli variantis) mixedviT
saubaria ara konkretulad "kacze", aramed zogadad gamosaxulebaze:
"misgan marjvniv idga oqros gamosaxuleba saxelad gaci, da mis marcxena
xelTan vercxlisa - saxelad gaimi" (qc-is somxuri Targmani, 47 - aq da
qvemoT – il. abulaZe, 1953) da, Sesabamisad, masSi SesaZloa qalRmerTic
yofiliyo nagulisxmebi. somxur Targmans garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba
qarTuli matianis teqstis pirvandeli saxis dadgenisaTvis, vinaidan
qarTlis cxovrebis yvelaze adreuli manuskripti, romelmac ki moaRwia
Cvens xanamde, ana dedoflis xelnaweria da igi XV saukuniT TariRdeba
(anaseuli nusxis savaraudo TariRi Tavsdeba 1479 da 1495 ww. Soris)
(s. yauxCiSvili 1955, gv. 015; Toumanoff, 1947, gv. 340-344), maSin rodesac
"qarTlis cxovrebis" XII s-is somxuri Targmanis yvelaze adreuli
manuskripti TariRdeba XIII saukuniT (Thomson, 1996,5; Rapp, 1998,3).
il. abulaZis Tanaxmad, misi TariRi 1279 da 1311 ww. Soris unda
eqceodes (il. abulaZe, 1953, gv. 020).
oqros da vercxlis mcxeTur kerpebTan dakavSirebiT
gasaTvaliswinebelia klasikuri xanis dolixeSi (Tanam. diuliuqi,
gazianTefes CrdiloeTiT, samxreT-aRmosavleT TurqeTSi) mikvleuli
brinjaos fila, romelzedac erTmaneTis gverdiT gvxvdeba Apollo
Citharoedus-is da misi dis Diana Lucifera-s (anu berZn. artemides)
gamosaxulebebi mzisa da mTvaris saxiT. orive es astraluri RvTaeba
dolixes filaze ganlagebulia varskvlavebiT garemoculi cisa da dRis
Suqis RvTaebis iupiter dolixenusis (Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Dolichenus)
ferxTiT (Speidel ,1980, 5, 12, 16-17, fig. 31).1 diana miCneulia "solaruli"
apolonis "lunarul" partniorad, romelsac am ukanasknelTan erTad
zustad gansazRvruli mudmivi doqtrinaluri mdgomareoba ekava iupiter
dolixenusis TeologiaSi (Speidel, 1978, gv. 22-23). amasTanave, gacisa da
gaimis oqrosa da vercxlis gamosaxulebebs (rac albaT maT analogiur
"solarul" da "lunarul" bunebaze unda migvaniSnebdes) axasiaTebT
aseve mkafiod gamoxatuli daqvemdebarebuli pozicia armazisadmi,
Sesabamisad, Cndeba eWvi, Tavis mxriv am ukanasknelis xasiaTSic xom ar
unda veZioT iupiterisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
Teimuraz batoniSvilis cnobiT, ormuzi, anu armaz, igive iupiteria
(Tàêàéøâèëè, 1906-1912, gv. 663).
"wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqcevis" mixedviT, armazis kerpi
aRwerilia, rogorc: "...kaci erTi spilenZisa, da tansa missa ecua jaWA
oqrosi, da Tavsa missa Cabalaxi myari, da Tualni esxnes zurmuxti da
bivrili, da BelTa misTa aqunda Brmali brwyinvale, viTarca elva, da
iqceoda BelTa Sina..." (qc, I, 89:9-11). igive teqsti somxur TargmanSi
Semdegnairad aris warmodgenili: "...kaci Semosili brinjaos gulsafariT
da oqros muzaradiT, Tvalebi Semkuli hqonda zurmuxtiTa da bivriliT,
xelSi ekava maxvili, msgavsi elvaTa konisa. amoZravebda mas da SiSSi
agdebda SekrebilT..." (47). gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa armazis
Tavsaburavis aRwera, rogorc "myari Cabalaxisa" (qc, I, 89:10). zedsarTavi
"myari" armazis kerpis TavsaburavTan mimarTebiT marTebuli iqneboda,
Tuki saqme gveqneboda "frigiuli CaCis" msgavs saganTan da ara sakuTriv
qarTuli tipis "CabalaxTan" (yabalaxi).
"elvaTa kona", "maxvili", "javSani" ("qercliani-javSani" an
"gulsafari"), frigiul CaCTan erTad, romael samxedroTa (da ara
mxolod maTi) RvTaebis, iupiter dolixenusis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia
(ix., mag., Speidel, 1980, 9, 11, 18-20, Abb. 1, 7, 9, 11, 21, 38, 41). es RvTaeba
igive siriuli RvTaeba Hadad-ia dolixedan, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
xurituli anda xeTuri panTeonis qariSxlis RvTaebidan iRebda saTaves
(Speidel, 1980, 6-9, Abb. 3, 8), iseve rogorc, savaraudod, TviT armazis
1
aRsaniSnavia, rom oqrosa da vercxlis inventari farTod iyo gamoyenebuli
iupiter dolixenusis kultmsaxurebaSi (Speidel, 1980, 17).
Tavdapirveli emanaciisa – elvisa da Weqa-quxilis mTis mwvervalis
anatoliuri tipis adgilobrivi RvTaebisa.
amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iberiis RvTaeba armazi avlens
romis imperiis uzenaesi RvTaebisaTvis _ iupiterisaTvis, xolo armazis
Tanxmlebi kerpebi _ gaci da gaimi (ga (ga) _ iupiterisadmi aSkarad
daqvemdebarebul apolonisa da dianasaTvis damaxasiaTebel zogierT
niSan-Tvisebas. iberiis samefos panTeoni, rogorc Cans, sinkretuli
xasiaTis RvTaebebisagan Sedgeboda. igi imTaviTve dakavSirebuli Cans
gvianaqemeniduri-adreelinisturi xanis aRmosavleT xmelTaSuazRvispireTis
sinkretuli xasiaTis kulturul samyarosTan da, amisda Sesabamisad,
armazis kultic ZvelaxloaRmosavluri, aqemeniduri da elinisturi
epoqebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sinkretizmis anabeWds atarebda.
damaxasiaTebelia, rom saberZneTSi mdebare, stratosis e.w. mTis RvTaeba,
berZnebis mier stratiosis zevsad saxeldebuli, sparselTa mier ahura-
mazdasTan iyo gaigivebuli (ix.: Canby ,1987, gv. 714).
iberiis samefo panTeonis sinkretuli xasiaTi, rogorc Cans, kidev
ufro gamdidrebuli iyo romis religiuri warmodgenebisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebiT2. centraluri amierkavkasiis movlenebSi
romaelTa intensiur monawileobas (Kavtaradze, 2001, gv. 204-224;
g. qavTaraZe, 2003, gv. 112-127), Sesabamisad, Tavisi kvali unda daemCnia
adgilobriv sulier samyarozec, kerZod, religiur warmodgenebze.
iupiter dolixenusi iyo "mTeli samyaros damcveli", romis mTel
imperiaSi sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli kulti, romelic romaelTa
xelisuflebisa da maTi imperatoris ZiriTadi mxsneli iyo da amave
dros aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT romauli Zalauflebis gavrcelebis
xelSemwyobi (Speidel, 1980, 5, 7, 9, 15, 18, Abb. 4; Schwertheim, 1991, 40);
Sesabamisad, romauli panTeonis zemoqmedebis kvalis arseboba iberiis
dedaqalaqSi, romelsac romis imperatoris vespasianes mier agebuli
galavani icavda (T. yauxCiSvili, 1976, gv. 241-244; Halfmann, 1986, gv. 48),
moulodneli ar unda iyos.

2
Tanamedrove qarTul istoriografiaSi gabatonebulia azri, armazis warmomavlobis
Taobaze iranuli ahura-mazdasagan, rac am ori RvTaebis saxelwodebaTa fonetikuri
msgavsebiT unda aixsnas da garkveuli istoriuli movlenis, qarTlSi aqemenianTa
gabatonebisa da iranelTa mravalsaukunovani kulturul-religiuri zegavlenis
gamoZaxili unda iyos. amave dros, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom cecxlTayvanismcemlobis
advilad SesamCnevi zegavlena qarTul kulturul, religiur Tu enobriv samyaroze
ZiriTadad sasanianTa sparseTis droisaa da ax. w. IV-VII ss. unda daTariRdes. am
memkvidreobaSi iseve mcirea aqemenianTa droindeli religiuri warmodgenebis nakvalevi,
rogorc, magaliTad, g. leoniZis poemaSi "bavSvoba da yrmoba", sadac zaraTuStras
msoflmxedvelobasTan msgavseba ara qarTul yofaSi arsebuli mazdeanuri xasiaTis
danaSrevebiT aris ganpirobebuli, aramed upiratesad fridrix nicSes nawarmoebis
"ase ambobda zaraTustra" zegavleniT.
 damowmebuli literatura

il. abulaZe, 1953 - il. abulaZe, qarTlis cxovrebis Zveli somxuri

Targmani, qarTuli teqsti da Zveli somxuri Targmani gamokvleviTa da
leqsikoniT gamosca, Tb., 1953.
g. qavTaraZe, 2003 - g. qavTaraZe, iberiis samefos "arsebobis arsi"
Zveli saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT: Jurn. "mnaTobi", 7-8, 2003.
T. yauxCiSvili, 1976 - T. yauxCiSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis
Zveli berZnuli wyaroebi, Tb., 1976.
s. yauxCiSvili, 1955 - s. yauxCiSvili, qarTlis cxovreba, teqsti
dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT, I, Tb., 1955.
Òàêàéøâèëè, 1906-1912 - Å. Òàêàéøâèëè, Î ï è ñàíèå ðóêî ï è ñå é « Î á ùåñòâà
ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ãðàìîòíîñòè ñðåäè ãðóçèíñêîãî íàñåëåíèÿ», òî ì II, âûï. 1-
4. Èçäàíèå óïðàâëåíèÿ Êàâêàçñêî ãî ó÷åáíîãî î ê ðóãà. Òè ôëèñ: Òèïîãðàôèÿ Ê.
Ï . Êî ç ë î âñêî ãî, 1906-1912.
Canby, 1987 - J. V. Canby (Rev.) R. Donceel & R. Lebrun. Archèologie et
religions de l’Anatolie ancienne. Mèlanges en l’honneur du professeur Paul Naster, -
Bibliotheca Orientalis, Jaargang XLVI, ¾, Mei-Juli 1987, pp. 712-720.
Halfmann, 1986 - H. Halfmann, Die Alanen und die römische Ostpolitik unter
Vespasian. - Epigraphica Anatolica, Zeitschrift für Epigraphik und historische
Geographie Anatoliens, Heft 8, 1986.
Kavtaradze, 2001 - G. L. Kavtaradze, Georgian Chronicles and the raison
d’ètre of the Iberian Kingdom (Caucasica II), – Orbis Terrarum, Journal of Historical
Geography of the Ancient World 6, 2000. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, pp.
177-237.
Rapp, 1998 - St. H. Rapp (Ed.), K'art'lis c'xovreba. The Georgian Royal Annals
and their Medieval Armenian Adaptation. Vol. II. Anatolian and Caucasian Studies.
Delmar, New York: Caravan Books, 1998.
Schwertheim, 1991 - E. Schwertheim, Iupiter Dolichenus, der Zeus von
Doliche und der kommagenische Königskult, in: Studien zum antiken Kleinasien:
Friedrich Karl Dörner zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet. Asia Minor Studien, Bd. 3.
Bonn: Habelt, 1991..
Speidel, 1978 - M. P. Speidel, The Religion of Iuppiter Dolichenus in the
Roman Army. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1978.
Speidel, 1980 - M. P. Speidel, Jupiter Dolichenus. Der Himmelsgott auf dem
Stier. Stuttgart, 1980.
Thomson, 1996 - R. W. Thomson, Rewriting Caucasian History. The Medieval
Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles. The Original Georgian Texts and
the Armenian Adaptation. Translated with Introduction and Commentary by R. W.
Thomson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Toumanoff, 1947 - C. Toumanoff, The Oldest Manuscript of the Georgian
Annals: The Queen Anne Codex (QA), 1479-1495. - Traditio, V. Studies in Ancient
and Medieval History, Thought and Religion. New York, 1947.
 GIORGI KAVTARADZE

ON THE PAGAN PANTHEON OF THE

IBERIAN KINGDOM

Ancient pantheon of Iberian Kingdom seems to have the deities with

syncretic nature. Originally this pantheon was related to the late Achaemenian
and the early Hellenistic perid of eastern Mediterranean world of syncretic culture,
which became further enriched with religious beliefs of the Roman culture.