Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hypermesh Meshing
Hypermesh Meshing
Engineering
Altair HyperMesh
Tutorials
Version 5.0
www.altair.com
FTP site
Address:
ftp.altair.com or ftp2.altair.com
Login:
ftp
Password:
Location
Telephone
North America
248.614.2425
hmsupport@altair.com
Germany
49.7031.6208.22
support@altair.de
India
91.80.658.8540
91.80.658.8542
support@altair-eng.soft.net
Italy
39.0832.315.573
39.800.905.595
support@altairtorino.it
Japan
81.3.5396.1341
aj-support@altairjp.co.jp
Scandinavia
46.46.286.2052
support@altair.se
United Kingdom
44.1327.810.700
support@uk.altair.com
HyperMesh Tutorials
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/. If the location of your HyperWorks installation directory is unknown,
contact your systems administrator.
Structuring the HyperMesh Database - HM-100
Automesh/Remesh - HM-136
Automesh/Proj to Edge-HM-137
Spotweld - Hm-215
Calculating Beam Cross Section - HM-220
Building Surfaces and Shell Meshes - HM-300L
Building Solid Elements - HM-400
Using the Automatic Tetramesher - HM-450
Element Editing: Splitting and Combining Shell
Elements - HM-500L
Editing Elements by Moving Nodes - 510L
Model Checking - HM-520
Using OptiStruct in HyperMesh - HM-550
Deformed and Contour Plotting - HM-610
HyperMesh 4.0 Post-processing Features - HM-620
Fatigue Panel - HM-630-L
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3.
4.
Click retrieve.
To specify solver:
1.
2.
3.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select all.
7.
Click update.
8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select all.
7.
Click update.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
A pop-up card is displayed.
8.
9.
Click NU, click the data entry field, and enter .3.
2.
3.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
9.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click rename.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click move.
6.
2.
3.
Click comps.
4.
5.
Click edit.
The card appears and the thickness may be edited.
6.
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Using HyperMesh
Each section contains links to lessons in the HyperMesh Users Guide On-line Help. These
lessons explain the HyperMesh interface, terminology, and how to use the HyperMesh panels.
All files referenced in this tutorial are located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/demos/hm.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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Using HyperMesh
This section explains how to use a typical HyperMesh panel by description and example. The
first topic explains how to retrieve a HyperMesh database. Use this file to complete the
remaining tutorials. Follow the topics below in the order that they are listed to complete this
section.
Retrieving a HyperMesh Database
Using Input Collectors
Picking Entities on the Screen
Extended Entity Selection
Using Plane and Vector Collectors
Viewing Models
Using the Display Panel
Graphics Modes
Setting Global Parameters
Saving a File
Printing Screen Images
Importing and Exporting Data
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
New Panels
HyperMesh 3.0 includes ten new panels:
Page Name
Description
New Panels
Geom
geom cleanup
vectors
1-D
line mesh
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beam xsect
joints
vectors
2-D
elem offset
3-D
elem offset
BCs
equations
solver
vectors
Tool
Post
Post-Processing functions
The stitch panel, as well as the line from surface edges and split surface edge options in the
surface edit panel, are no longer included in the menu. The new geom cleanup panel now
covers these functions. Please refer to Version 2.1 vs. 3.0 Panel Location for detailed information
on the differences between panels in HyperMesh 2.1 and 3.0.
files
Panels related to file management are grouped into an integrated files panel. This panel allows
you to save and retrieve HyperMesh binary databases, import CAD generated geometry or finite
element model information, export CAD geometry or finite element information for specific
analysis codes, specify a template file, specify a result file, and execute a HyperMesh command
file. These subpanels include the following enhancements:
hm files
Space between the save and retrieve buttons in order to prevent accidental selection.
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shaded surface toggle under the geom cleanup and automesh panel. Non-compact
databases save these facets in the binary database, allowing an increase in speed during
surface shading and automeshing.
import
export
Retains the same function as the export data panel in versions before HyperMesh 3.0.
command
Retains the same function as the command panel in versions before HyperMesh 3.0.
template
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To load a template, you can either choose the template in the file/template sub-panel or in
the global/template sub-panel.
results
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New Functions
s
direction.
Slide zoom: zooms the model in and out by dragging the mouse in a vertical
Counterclockwise rotation: rotates the model counterclockwise by the angle set in the
options panel.
Clockwise rotation: rotates the model clockwise by the angle set in the options
panel.
b
Back function: returns the model to the initial orientation after a rotation (r) or arc
dynamic motion (a).
help
Click a How do I.
A step by step example procedure appears.
NOTE
HyperMesh 3.0 on-line Help is context sensitive. When working within a panel,
click help to display the Help topic available for that panel. The main Help
contents tab appears if you are not within a panel.
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Enhancement in the window manager: two new functions are added to this panel:
display legend and display simulation title. These functions allow you to control
the contour plots legend and simulation title display. On by default, these functions
can be turned off in the post-processing panels.
Enhancement in the rotation function: the rotation function now allows you to select a
node or point as a rotation center using the middle mouse button. If a middle mouse
button is not available, press the alt key and the left mouse button to pick the
center.
Enhancement in the arc dynamic motion function: the arc dynamic motion function
now allows you to select a node or point as a rotation center using the middle mouse
button. If a middle mouse button is not available, press the alt key and the left
mouse button to pick the center.
options
Integrates the modeling, graphics, fonts, colors, page name, postscript, and
spaceball subpanels.
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node tol
Used when finding line intersections and determining duplicate nodes. The
node tolerance also affects the generation of elements in the automesher.
When quads are created and the side of a quad is less than the node
tolerance, HyperMesh tries to create a tria element instead of a quad. If you
create a model with characteristic dimensions less than the node tolerance,
reduce the default node tolerance.
geom tol
cleanup tol
The cleanup tolerance specifies the maximum gap distance allowed between
two edges or points while performing geometry cleanup operations. When a
cleanup operation is performed, if two entities are separated by a distance
greater than the cleanup tol at any point along their length, they are left
unaltered.
fixed points
coincident node
picking
This is a new option for selecting coincident nodes. If the option is on,
coincident nodes are displayed evenly on a circle when the mouse moves
close.
shrink
This option allows you to set shrink element sizes. In HyperMesh 3.0, you
can specify the size of element by entering a shrink factor between 0 and 1.
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bitmap animation
view acceleration
fonts
Retains the same functions the original font panel plus a new
cursor size: function. You can change the cursor size from
standard to large. This option is especially useful during a
demonstration or teleconferencing.
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colors
page names
postscript
spaceball
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Page 1
Panel Name
HyperMesh 2.1
Location
files
1,2,3,4,5
collectors
1,2,3,4
organize
1,2,3,4
color
1,2,3,4
temp nodes
1,2,3,4
import data
1,5
create nodes
Geom
node edit
Geom
align node
Geom
distance
Geom
remap
Geom
lines
Geom
line edit
Geom
intersect
Geom
section cut
Geom
length
Geom
circles
Geom
tangents
Geom
fillets
Geom
reparam
Geom
reorder
Geom
surface edit
Geom
surf lines
Geom
stitch
cntl cards
BCs
graphics
Permanent/option
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Page 2
Panel Name
HyperMesh 2.1
Location
config edit
elem types
ruled
2-D
spline
2-D
drag
2-D, 3-D
spin
2-D, 3-D
line drag
2-D, 3-D
skin
2-D
automesh
2-D
planes
2-D
cones
2-D
spheres
2-D
torus
2-D
edit element
split
order change
replace
detach
smooth
2-D, 3-D
solid map
3-D
solid mesh
3-D
linear solid
3-D
solid offset
tetramesh
3-D
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Page 3
Panel Name
HyperMesh 2.1
Location
linear 1d
1-D
masses
1-D
bars
1-D
rods
1-D
rigids
1-D
welds
1-D
springs
1-D
gaps
1-D
rbe3
1-D
translate
Tool
rotate
Tool
scale
Tool
reflect
Tool
project
Tool
position
Tool
permute
Tool
check elems
Tool
edges
Tool
faces
Tool
features
Tool
normals
Tool
dependency
Tool
mass
Tool
find
Tool
mask
Tool
delete
Tool
rename
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Page 4
Panel Name
HyperMesh 2.1
Location
systems
load types
BCs
constraints
BCs
forces
BCs
moments
BCs
pressures
BCs
velocity
BCs
accels
BCs
temperatures
BCs
flux
BCs
load steps
BCs
interfaces
BCs
rigid wall
BCs
entity sets
BCs
super elems
BCs
assemblies
output block
BCs
numbers
Tool
renumber
Tool
summary
Tool
count
Tool
optimization
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Page 5
Panel Name
HyperMesh 2.1
Location
import data
1,5
export data
command
T convert
hidden line
Post
contour
Post
vector plot
Post
titles
Post
deformed
Post
transient
Post
replay
Post
apply result
Post
xy plotting
Post
fd blocks
3-D
spaceball
Permanent/option
postscript
Permanent/option
background
Permanent/option
page names
Permanent/option
fonts
Permanent/option
build menu
Tool
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accels
BCs
align node
Geom
apply result
Post
assemblies
automesh
2-D
background
Permanent/option
bars
1-D
build menu
Tool
check elems
Tool
circles
Geom
cntl cards
BCs
collectors
color
command
cones
2-D
config edit
1-D, 2-D,3-D
constraints
BCs
contour
Post
count
Tool
create nodes
Geom
deformed
Post
delete
Tool
dependency
Tool
detach
1-D, 2-D,3-D
distance
Geom
drag
2-D, 3-D
edges
Tool
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edit element
1-D, 2-D,3-D
elem types
1-D, 2-D,3-D
entity sets
BCs
export data
faces
Tool
fd blocks
3-D
features
Tool
files
fillets
Geom
find
Tool
flux
BCs
fonts
Permanent/option
forces
BCs
gaps
1-D
hidden line
Post
import data
interfaces
BCs
intersect
Geom
length
Geom
line drag
2-D, 3-D
line edit
Geom
linear 1D
1-D
linear solid
3-D
lines
Geom
load steps
BCs
load types
BCs
mask
Tool
mass
Tool
masses
1-D
moments
BCs
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node edit
Geom
normals
Tool
numbers
Tool
optimization
order change
1-D, 2-D,3-D
organize
output block
BCs
page names
Permanent/option
permute
Tool
planes
2-D
position
Tool
postscript
Permanent/option
pressures
BCs
project
Tool
rbe3
1-D
reflect
Tool
remap
Geom
rename
renumber
Tool
reorder
Geom
reparam
Geom
replace
1-D, 2-D,3-D
replay
Post
rigid wall
BCs
rigids
1-D
rods
1-D
rotate
Tool
ruled
2-D
scale
Tool
section cut
Geom
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skin
2-D
smooth
2-D, 3-D
solid map
3-D
solid mesh
3-D
solid offset
spaceball
Permanent/option
spheres
2-D
spin
2-D, 3-D
spline
2-D
split
1-D, 2-D,3-D
springs
1-D
stitch
summary
Tool
super elem
BCs
surf lines
Geom
surface edit
Geom
system
T convert
tangents
Geom
temp nodes
temperatures
BCs
tetramesh
3-D
titles
Post
torus
2-D
transient
Post
translate
Tool
vector plot
Post
velocity
BCs
welds
1-D
xy plotting
Post
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Type in
*beginmacro(macroSetActivePage)
*setactivepage($1)
*endmacro()
Note: The page number was passed from the end of the button and retrieved in the macro
with the ($1).
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Creating a macro
1. Open the temp.mac file.
2.
3.
4.
Open HyperMesh.
5.
6.
7.
8. Click retrieve .
Note: The above macro will find all of the nodes on the edges of the elements chosen and then
create weld elements between them. The macro works by first calling the macro from the button
that was created. Then it begins the macro.
The *createmarkpanel command is a command that allows the user to select a set of
elements from within HyperMesh similar to the extended entity selection window and place them
in a user-defined mark.
The next two commands simply find the edges of the elements selected and place them into a
temp1 collector.
Then the *createmark command takes the nodes found on the edges and places them in a
user mark.
The next three commands repeat the selection of elements, the finding of edges and then the
renaming of the collector.
Finally the *createmultiplespotwelds command takes the two user marks and places
spotwelds between them with the first set of nodes being the independent nodes and the second
set the dependent nodes. The last two commands remove the two-temp collectors so that the
macro can be repeated.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Note:
Before using HyperMesh, make sure you delete the hmmenu.set file from your current
working directory.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select no card image.
6.
7.
Click create.
8.
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To create nodes:
1.
2.
Click Iso1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To create the nodes, enter the X, Y, and Z coordinates in the table below and click create.
7.
Node
25
37
25
-2
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click all.
6.
To create a circle:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select X-axis.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
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To create an arc:
1.
2.
3.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select X-axis.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
To create a line:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click duplicate.
6.
Click current comp to copy the new line into the current component (Geometry).
7.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select y-axis.
8.
9.
Click translate -.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click cut line and pick the line between node 4 and node 5.
6.
Click split.
7.
Repeat this procedure on the other line that was just translated.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click all.
6.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
4.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select z-axis.
5.
6.
7.
Click duplicate.
8.
Click original comp to copy the new line into the current component (Geometry).
original comp allows you to place all duplicated entities into the component collector where
duplication occured. current comp allows you to place all duplicated entities into the current
working component defined in global panel.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Select line 7.
6.
7.
8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click all.
6.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
For lines panel, choose line 7, and pick tangent line 12 for the cut line.
5.
6.
Repeat step 3-5 in order to cut curve line 8 by tangent line 13 in line edit panel.
7.
Press the F2 key and jump into delete panel from line edit panel.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select no card image.
6.
7.
Click create.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
( The reason to choose z-axis is because we want to create the line on X-Y plane).
5.
6.
For line list, choose 2 straight lines that are perpendicular to the X-Y plane.
A line on the screen shows the result.
7.
2.
3.
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2.
Click Iso1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Choose the purple straight line for the upper line panel, then choose 1 surface edge (see
figure below) in the lower line panel.
Now you see a red V which marks the beginning to extend the purple line.
8.
Click on extend + .
You can see that line 11 is extended to reach one surface edge.
Note:
9.
If the extended line does not stop and extend over the surface edge, try extend
and review the result.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
For the 2nd line panel, pick the purple straight line which is perpendicular to line 3.
Please select fillet quadrant is displayed in the message bar. HyperMesh is asking you to
select a reference location for fillet.
7.
8.
9.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Choose the small line segment under X-Y plane, and click on delete entity to remove the line
segment.
2.
3.
4.
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2.
2.
3.
4.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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face
surface
free edge
The edge is owned by one surface. In the geom cleanup panel, the default
color is red.
shared edge
The edge is owned by two adjacent surfaces. In the geom cleanup panel, the
default color is green.
suppressed edge
non-manifold edge
The edge is owned by three or more surfaces. In the geom cleanup panel,
the default color is yellow.
fixed point
free point
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cleanup tol =
The tolerance used to determine if two surface edges or two surface vertices
should be considered as one.
NOTE:
Values for cleanup tol= can be specified in two locations. The global value for
cleanup tol= is in the options/modeling subpanel. The local value for
cleanup tol =, which is used for a specific cleanup operation, is in the geom
cleanup panel. Sometimes, operations performed by the local cleanup
tolerance can be lost by a global cleanup tolerance overriding it.
An example of this is splitting a surface which was created by utilizing a local
cleanup tolerance. Since the surface edit panel uses the global cleanup
tolerance, all of the edges of the new surfaces will be reevaluated by
HyperMesh to determine their cleaned up status.
It is recommended that a large value (reasonable with respect to the element
size) be used for the cleanup tol= in the options/modeling subpanel. For
example, for an element edge length of 10, a cleanup tol of 0.1 (10/100) or .05
(10/500) should be used.
visual options
Enables user to control display mode of surfaces and edges. View surfaces in
wire frame or shaded mode. Display on/off surface edge types.
edges subpanel
Used to remove gaps and overlaps between surfaces and to merge surfaces
together by modifying the edges of the surfaces.
toggle
Convert individual surface edges from one edge type to another with single
mouse clicks. Free edge shared edge suppressed edge (red green
dotted blue).
replace
Combine two free edges into a shared edge. Free edge shared edge (red
green).
(un)suppress
equivalence
Convert free edges between adjacent surfaces to shared edges. Free edge
shared edge. (red green).
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surfaces subpanel
find duplicates
Find and delete duplicate surfaces. Non-manifold edge shared or free edge
(yellow green or red).
organize by feature
move faces
add
replace
suppress
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NOTE
In the surface edit panel, the lines from surface edge subpanel no
longer exists. In most panels, surface edges can be used as lines.
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2.
3.
Double-click translator =.
4.
5.
6.
Select raw_iges_data.iges.
7.
Click import.
8.
Click return.
9.
S0000001
G0000001
Model,1.,2,2HYPERMESHM,1,0.,13H980709.084600,1.E-06,,
5HYPERMESHr.
G0000003
X,1HX,10,0,13H980709.084600;
116
116
000000000D0000001
0D0000002
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2.
3.
4.
Click surfs and select all on the extended entity selection pop-up window.
5.
Click on.
The IDs for the displayed surfaces are displayed.
6.
Click return.
To renumber surfaces:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click surfs and select all on the extended entity selection pop-up window.
5.
Click renumber.
The header bar displays the message, 12 surfs ranging from 1 to 12. Completed Through ID:
0.
6.
Click return.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
Click save.
The header bar displays the message, The file has been saved.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method and select no card image.
5.
Click return.
Click color.
7.
Select Color 5.
8.
Click create.
A component collector named top, with a default material collector named top, is created.
9.
Repeat steps 3-9 to create three more component collectors named middle1, with Color 4,
middle2, with Color 10, and bottom, with Color 9.
2.
3.
Use the above procedure to move surfaces 3, 6, 8, and 9 to the middle1 component
collector.
Surface 3 is hidden beneath surface 8.
4.
Use the same procedure to move surfaces 4, 5, and 7 to the middle2 component collector.
5.
Use the same procedure to move surfaces 1 and 2 to the top component collector.
6.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click save.
A dialog box displays the message geomcleanup.HyperMesh exists. Overwrite? (y/n).
4.
Click Yes.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click equivalence.
The message, All surface edges within tolerance combined, is displayed in the header bar.
Some free surface edges (red) became shared edges (green).
2.
3.
Click faces and select displayed from the extended entity selection pop-up window.
4.
Click find.
The message, One face is duplicated, is displayed in the header bar.
5.
Click delete.
The message, One face was deleted, is displayed in the header bar.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Press and hold left mouse button in the graphics area until the cursor changes into a
white square with a dot in the middle of it.
Pick a point on the same circle that is across from the green node .
-
The number in the input field following distance = is a value less than 3.
Click return.
-
2.
3.
4.
Click surfs and select displayed from the extended entity selection pop-up window.
5.
6.
Click find.
There is a P in the center of the four circles in the graphics area. The smallest diameter for
each of the circles is less than 3.
7.
The two Ps in the two circles on surface 2 that arent centered are highlighted white.
8.
Click delete.
The two circles are deleted from the database.
NOTE
HyperMesh finds circular and non-circular shaped holes; the holes dont need
to be perfect circles. The diameter is treated as a characteristic dimension.
To combine two free edges into a shared edge using surfaces / replace subpanel:
1.
2.
3.
Pick the surface 10 edge that is parallel and closest to a surface 11 edge.
4.
Pick the surface 11 edge that is parallel and closest to the surface 10 edge just selected.
5.
6.
7.
Repeat steps 3 - 5.
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NOTE
Do not set the cleanup tolerance to unreasonably high values. New edges are
generated based on the cleanup tolerance. The cleanup tolerance not only affects
the selected entities, but it affects the edges that touch the selected entities at
vertices. The generated edges are accurate only to within the set cleanup
tolerance. As a result, if unreasonably high tolerances are used, small gaps can
increase in distance up to the set tolerance.
The geom cleanup edges / toggle subpanel can also be used to combine the
surface 10 and 11 edges.
If the shortest distance between two surface edges is greater than the intended
element size, do not use this function. Instead, use the surface filler subpanel on
the surface edit panel. Create a filler surface and toggle surface edges to
suppressed edges accordingly. Another panel that can be used is the drag geoms
subpanel in the drag panel.
2.
3.
Zoom into the corner of surface 9 which borders surface 1 and is on the perimeter of model.
4.
5.
6.
Click replace.
The surface 9 corner node is replaced with the surface 1 corner node.
To combine free edges to create shared edges using the edges/toggle subpanel:
1.
2.
3.
Click f on the permanent menu to fit displayed components to the graphics area.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Deactivate the shared edges check box to turn the display of these edges off.
11. Deactivate the fixed points to turn the display of these points off.
Only the free edges that define the model perimeter and the interior holes remain.
12. Click visual options.
13. Activate the shared edges check box to turn display of the edges on.
14. Activate the fixed points check box to turn display of the points on.
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To stitch surfaces:
1.
Click (un)suppress.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click suppress.
The selected lines change from shared (green) to suppressed (blue) edges.
6.
Click return.
The suppressed surface edges are not displayed in the graphics area. They still exist in the
model and can be toggled back to shared edges in the geom cleanup panel.
NOTE
The resulting stitched surface is located in the component collector of the stitched
surface having the lowest id. As a result of surfaces 4 and 6 being stitched together,
the stitched surface is located in middle2 component collector where surface 4 was
originally located. As a result of surfaces 3, 5, and 9 being stitched together, the
stitched surface is located in middle1 component collector where surface 3 was
originally located.
In the geom cleanup panel, HyperMesh treats lines and surface edges the same. It
is recommended that lines be displayed off or masked so that surface edges can be
selected more easily.
2.
3.
4.
Click the three lines in the graphics area. Each line is between two fixed points.
The selected lines are highlighted white.
5.
Click create.
Question dialog box pops-up stating Lines appear planar, project to plane? (y/n).
6.
Click Yes.
A surface was created using the selected three lines.
7.
Click return.
8.
9.
Click edges.
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Defeature - HM-131
The defeature panel, located on the Geom page, provides tools to help remove unwanted
features in geometry, e.g. edge and surface fillets, holes etc. The tools remove features and
create any necessary filler surfaces as a substitution.
Remove surface fillets and make sharp corners using the parameters specified
Trim-Intersect to remove edge fillets by selecting two points of tangency around the fillet
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2.
3.
4.
Click the toggle below remove and select interior trim lines.
5.
Click lines and select one of the interior trim lines defining one of the small rectanglular cut
outs on the top center surface. Alternately, click in the lines box and select displayed from
the extended selection menu.
6.
Note: The other option under remove is to remove all trim lines. This function allows you to
specify a surface and will return the original, untrimmed surface information. Depending on the
CAD package and method used to create these surfaces, the results of this operation will vary.
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Surface Fillets
This function can be used to remove surface fillets, or fillets between two non-coplanar surfaces.
The rounded fillet surface will be replaced by a planar, tangential extention of the adjacent
surfaces. Fillets may be specified by selecting the fillet profile as a line, or by specifying a surface
and range of fillet radii.
To search the surface fillets by min/max radius:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Set the fillet params as follows: Min radius = 5.0; Max radius = 15.000
6.
Figure 1: Use the radius parameters of an example fillet profile to identify surface fillets.
Note: At this point, a new subpanel appears where you can be specific about selecting the fillet
to be removed, fillet ends and edge associativity. Ignore edge association can be used to verify
or modify the selection of edges whose adjacent surface geometry will be ignored in favor of
using the selected fillet surfaces geometry when calculating the tangent surface. This is
commonly used if the adjacent surface has a very high degree of curvature compared to the fillet,
or if the edge in question is a free edge. Fillet ends can be used to verify or modify fillet ends.
Unless a string of fillets makes a complete loop and closes upon itself, you should see at least
two fillet end lines.
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7.
Click remove to delete the rounded fillet surfaces and replace them with an intersecting,
planar surface tangent to the fillet surface edge.
Figure2: After removing surface fillets, adjacent surfaces are extended along the tangent until they intersect.
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Edge Fillets
This option can be used to remove any edge fillets on a free surface edge. HyperMesh can
identify these fillets given a range of fillet radii and a minimum arc angle. Using these filtering
options, you can find the fillets in your model and then remove them.
To remove fillets:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click on surfs and select the end surface in the extreme +X and Z direction of the model.
Set the radius and angle values as follows: Min radius = 5.0; Max radius = 15.000; Min
angle = 15.000.
5.
Click find. The fillets will be identified with a blue F and lines indicating the beginning and
ending points of tangency of the fillets.
6.
Select both of the fillets to be removed. Alternately, click the fillets button and select all
from the pop up list.
7.
Click remove to eliminate the fillets by projecting the surface edges from the point of
tangency until they intersect.
Figure 3: Use the edge fillet function to identify and remove rounded corners on free-surface edges.
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Trim-Intersect
The trim intersect function works like the edge fillet function, except the points of tangency are
specified by clicking on the free-surface edge.
To trim points:
1.
Rotate the model to center the view to the end surface in the most X and Z direction.
2.
3.
With the blue box highlighting node under 1 edge trim location:, select the trim point (point
of tangency) for one of the edge fillets, as shown in the figure below.
st
Figure 4: Click on points of tangency of the edge fillets to square off rounded corners on free-surface edges.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In the create mesh subpanel, click the surfs box and select all.
9.
Click the toggle next to interactive and select the automatic mode.
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Note: In these excersises, we used the functions in the defeature panel to simplify the geometry
of a small part. The remove trim lines function was used to eliminate two rectangular cut outs
on the top surface. The surface fillet function was used to remove the curved fillets where the
top surface transitioned to the sides. Edge fillet and Trim-intersect were used to square off the
end surfaces. The results of these operations will yield a more regular, geometric mesh.
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File Needed:
Cleaned_Up-Geom.hm
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There are two options in the create mesh sub-panel. The toggle allows you to alternate between
the interactive and automatic selection. The default is interactive. The interactive option is
used to automesh multiple surfaces or elements with user-controlled parameters. Once a surface
or a group of elements have been selected for the automeshing module, the information is
retained and updated with any changes to meshing parameters while in the automeshing module.
The next time the selected entity, either surfaces or a group of elements, is brought into the
automeshing module, the saved data is used unless the reset mesh parameters to: button is
selected, in which case the old information is discarded and new values are computed.
The meshing parameters can be set to either element size with element shape or use mesh
params. When the mesh params option is used, the mesh can be created by use chordal
deviation mesh or use size and biasing. This tutorial uses the element size option. The
options when using use mesh params are illustrated in tutorials HM-140 and HM-141.
The toggle between elements to current comp and elements to surfaces comp tells
HyperMesh where these newly created elements should be located. You can put created
elements in the associated surface components or the global current working component where
you define them. After clicking the green mesh button, the automeshing module will be displayed
allowing you to adjust element density and biasing of all the shared and free edges belonging to
the selected surfaces, change element type, and perform quality checks. Once the elements are
created, you may select surfaces that contain bad elements or a group of elements, and you can
refine them by clicking the remesh button. HyperMesh will first delete the existing elements and
then re-mesh the selected entity.
The highlight surfs button, below the find mesh error, directs HyperMesh to scan through all
the selected surfaces for mesh and highlight those failed in creating meshes in your last attempt.
If you select to refine a group of elements by changing the switch from surfs to elems, you can
decide whether you want to break connectivity between the selected group of elements and the
rest of the elements by activating a small check mark in front of the break connectivity option.
You can anchor nodes by activating the checkbox.
The Automatic panel has the same features as the interactive panel. The only difference is it
creates elements on surfaces without bringing up the automeshing modules.
The Mesh params sub-panel is divided into two parts. The left part contains options and
settings for use chordal deviation meshing algorithm described in HM-141. The right part
contains options for the use size and biasing meshing algorithm described in tutorial HM-140.
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The cleanup sub-panel consists of four features: split surf, unsplit surf, replace points, and
toggle. Split surf has the same function as trim with two nodes located at the surface edit
panel. After choosing two nodes on a selected surface, HyperMesh creates a line between
these two nodes, and uses this line to trim the selected surface at the normal direction.
Unsplit surf has the same function as remove interior trim lines in the surface edit panel.
This feature not only removes trim lines from associated surfaces, but also deletes them from the
model. A useful example of this feature is to remove pinholes. Replace points has the same
function as replace points in the geom cleanup panel. The details of using this function are
described in tutorial HM-130-Geometry Clean Up. Toggle has the same function as
edge/toggle in the geom cleanup panel. The detail of using this function is also described in the
tutorial HM-130-Geometry Clean Up.
cleanup subpanel
The Proj to edge sub-panel will locate all interior fixed points on a set of surfaces, then project
each of these points to the nearest (perpendicular) edge location on its own surface only. This
produces mesh patterns that are more regular in appearance.
The distance tolerance and angle tolerance are parameters used to control creation of fixed
points. If the shortest distance between an edge and an interior fixed point is less than or equal
to the distance tolerance, a fixed point will be created on the edge. If the angle ABC, formed by
an existing fixed point on an edge (A), the fixed point to-be-created (B) and the interior fixed point
(C), is less than the angle tolerance, a fixed point will not be created.
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2.
Go to the global panel, set the currents: comp = bottom, enter element size=2.0 and click
return.
2.
Enter the automesh panel through 2D page and go to the create mesh subpanel. Make sure
the toggle remains in interactive.
3.
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4.
5.
Click mesh. The automesh modules including density, algorithm, type, biasing, details,
and checks will be displayed in the main menu area.
6.
7.
Click the radio button in front of algorithm module to activate the function.
Note: The small square icons on the center of surface id 6 and 7 indicate that HyperMesh
will use mapped as rectangle meshing algorithm to create the mesh.
8.
Click the switch below the meshing algorithm and choose free (unmapped).
Note: The free (unmapped) option allows HyperMesh to mesh freely.
Move the mouse and click the square icon located at the center of surface id 6. The icon
will show the new meshing algorithm.
Note: Select the checks panel, and then click on warpage panel to check warpage value.
Notice that now the maximum warpage found is equal to 6.12. Which is a significant
improvement if compared to the previous value 35.21 by using mapped as rectangle
meshing algorithm.
Click the switch below the meshing algorithm and choose mapped as triangle.
Move the mouse and click the square icon located at the center of surface id 6. The icon
will change to a triangle shape.
Click on mesh and examine the error appeared on the menu bar.
Note: The mapped as triangle algorithm should be applied to a surface with three sides
only. The mapped as pentagon algorithm should be applied to a surface with five sides
only.
9.
Repeat the same steps to change the meshing algorithm back to autodecide.
Click set all button on the right side of meshing algorithm. This step is to apply
autodecide option on all the selected surfaces.
Click the switch below the smoothing algorithm and choose shape corrected.
Click set all button to apply the algorithm to all the selected surfaces.
Click the switch below the smoothing algorithm and choose no smoothing.
Click set all button to apply the algorithm to all the selected surfaces.
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Click on the switch below the element type: and choose mixed.
Click on mesh and examine the change of mesh on those selected surfaces.
Click on the switch below the element type: and choose quads.
Click on mesh and examine the change of mesh on those selected surfaces
Note: The mixed element type is only applied to four side surfaces meshed using the
mapped as rectanglar algorithm.
Note: The toggle surf panel allows users manually change element type.
16. Click the radio button in front of details module to activate the function.
17. Change the mapping parameters:
Click the check box in front of size control to activate this function. A check will appear
in the box.
Click the check box in front of size control again to disable this function.
Click the check box in front of skew control to activate this function. A check will appear
in the box.
Click the check box in front of size control to activate this function. A check will
reappear in the box. Now both skew control and size control are activated.
Click the check boxes for size control and skew control. Both functions are now
disabled.
Note: The mesh generated by either type of element shape will be influenced by the size
control and the skew control.
18. Click the radio button in front of the density module to activate the function.
19. Change the element density on selected edges:
Click the number field next to the element density= and enter 10.
Move cursor to graphic area and click on density numbers located at top two long edges
and bottom two long edges (see figure below)
Click the number field next to the element density= and enter 3.
Move cursor to graphic area and click on density numbers located at three short edges
(see figure below).
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20. Click the radio button in front of biasing module to active this function.
21. Change the element biasing on selected edges:
Click on the switch under bias style:, select bellcurve biasing style.
Click green set all panel on the left side of bellcurve in order to activate this style.
Click the number field next to bias intensity = and enter -0.500
Click the shared edges between surface id 4 and surface id 6, and do the same step at
one free edge of surface id 7 (see figure below).
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22. Click the radio button in front of checks module to activate this function.
23. Check the element quality:
Click the jacobian button and examine the graphic area. Any element fails to meet the
specified jacobian value will be highlighted. The minimum jacobian value will be
indicated in the menu bar.
Note: Make sure not to check the box in front of the reset the mesh parameters to. The
densities will automatically match the previously meshed bottom surfaces and have
coincident nodes. The default node densities set in the global are assigned elsewhere
around the surfaces. The use of reset meshing parameters to: will override the automatic
coincident matching feature.
Click on each edge number on screen. Each element density corresponds to the figure
below.
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Click on mesh.
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2.
Click on return button. Now the elements on these three surfaces will all be deleted.
This is an alternative way to delete elements without leaving the automesh panel.
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2.
3.
4.
Go to modeling subpanel.
Click on cleanup tol = button and type 0.2 in the number field.
Click on element size button, and enter 2.0 in the number field.
5.
6.
7.
Select the edges of pinholes located on surface id 1 and in the middle of surface id 3. The
selected pinhole and the trim lines will be removed (see figure below).
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8.
While still in the automesh/cleanup subpanel, select the line button below the toggle box.
The cleanup tolerance of 0.2 should be automatically displayed in the field next to cleanup
tol =.
2.
3.
2.
3.
2.
If you want to add points on the line of a surface, select button line next to point and
click on the surface line.
The point is added to the line.
Note: Fixed points are now associated with the middle component.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Enter the cleanup subpanel and click on the top node box next to split surf option.
2.
To choose the first node, move the cursor to the shared edge between surface id 3 and 2
and click on the middle of the edge. A node will be created at that location.
Note: A node can be created simply by clicking anywhere along the edge. You dont have to
highlight the edge or wait until the cursor becoming a box.
3.
Once the first node is selected, the second node box is highlighted automatically. Click on
the vertex on the opposite side of the surface id 3. As shown in the figure below, a line
connecting these two nodes is used to trim the surface id 3 at the normal direction.
4.
Repeat step 1 3 to trim surface id 2 and surface id 1 as shown in the figure below.
Note: Trimming surfaces allow you to split surfaces and generate shared edges in between. Later
while meshing surfaces, you will have more nodes on shared edges. Which gives you more
control over your mesh.
Select all.
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2.
3.
Click on the edge to add fixed points along the edge between surface id 2 and 3.
4.
Repeat step 1-3 to add fixed points along the edge between surface id 9 and 10.
Note: These two nodes should be placed so they break the edge into sections similar to the
nearby edges (see figure below).
2.
3.
Using the densities indicated in the figure above, click mesh to review and return to accept.
The complete model is displayed in the figure below.
4.
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2.
Left click the 2-d radio button to make it the active subpanel.
3.
4.
Select assign plot and then jacobian to graphically review the element quality.
5.
6.
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Close any current working HyperMesh sessions by clicking red quit panel
2.
Search a file called hmmenu.set in your current working directory, and delete it if
you find it.
3.
2.
Select all.
While still in the automesh/cleanup subpanel, select the line button next to the toggle box.
2.
Click on the edges of 4 red circles in surface id 3 and 1 to delete 4 pin holes.
3.
Enter the cleanup subpanel and click on the node box next to the split surf option.
2.
To choose the first node, move the cursor to the shared edge between surface id 3 and 2
and click on the middle of the edge. A node will be created at that location.
Note: A node can be created simply by clicking anywhere along the edge. You dont have to
highlight the edge or wait until the cursor becoming a box.
3.
Once the first node is selected, the next node box is highlighted automatically. Click on the
vertex on the opposite side of the surface id 3. As shown in the figure below, a line
connecting these two nodes is used to trim the surface id 3 at the normal direction.
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4.
Repeat step 1 3 to trim surface id 2 and surface id 1 as shown in the figure below.
Note: Trimming surfaces allow you to split surfaces and generate shared edges in between.
Later while meshing surfaces, you will have more nodes on shared edges. Which gives you
more control over your mesh.
2.
Enter the automesh panel and go to the create mesh sub-panel. Make sure the toggle
remains in interactive.
3.
Activate the small check in front of reset meshing parameters to: Enter element size= 2.0.
This allows HyperMesh to overwrite global element size setting and use local meshing
element size 2.0. The element type is kept as the default setting, quad.
4.
5.
Click on yellow surfs panel. Select all in pop-up window, and all surfaces on screen are
highlighted.
6.
7.
Change the meshing seeds and choose densities as in the figure below.
8.
9.
Select checks in the meshing module. Review the quality of the mesh.
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Enter the automesh panel and go to the create mesh sub-panel. Make sure the toggle
remains in interactive.
Select elements with poor quality on surface 8 (refer to figure below). Selected elements
are highlighted as white color.
Click on green remesh button. Notice that you enter the meshing module and selected
elements are remeshed.
Note: In the meshing module, notice that Hypermesh puts element density in the middle
of the meshed area. This restricts the nodal location of the remeshed area (refer to figure
below).
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Click on feature angle panel, and change feature angle from default (30 ) to 50 .
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Remain in create mesh subpanel. Make sure the toggle remains in interactive.
Select elements with poor quality on surface 8. Selected elements are highlighted as
white color.
Click on the green remesh panel. Notice that you entered the meshing module and
selected elements to be remeshed.
Note: Compare the difference between before and after changing the feature angle in
the options panel. Notice that after increasing the feature angle, Hypermesh no longer
puts element density in the middle of the meshed area.
Click on adjust edge panel , and move the cursor to the bottom edge of surface 8.
Change element density to 8 which is the same as the upper edge between surface 8
and surface 5.
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Automesh/Remesh - HM-136
This tutorial demonstrates how to remesh elements using the automesh panel and create
mesh subpanel. In HyperMesh 4.0, you can remesh elements when no geometry exists.
The following exercises are included:
Remesh Elements
Meshing the Surfaces
Remesh the Elements
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Remesh elements
In HyperMesh 5.0, the interactive and automatic subpanels are replaced by the create mesh
subpanel. This subpanel has the interactive and automatic options. Interactive is the default
option. In the create mesh subpanel, select the surfaces to mesh or remesh, or select the
elements to remesh.
Elements are remeshed with the use of the HyperMesh inferred surface algorithm. Geometry for
the selected elements does not need to exist in the model. The inferred surface algorithm
creates geometry data from the selected elements in order to create new mesh.
When elements are selected to be remeshed, there is the break connectivity option and the
vertex angle parameter. The break connectivity option detaches the node connectivity
between adjacent selected and unselected elements. This allows you to adjust the node
densities along the boundary of the selected elements. The vertex angle parameter defines the
placement of vertices along the boundary of the selected elements. If the angle between two
adjacent element edges along the boundary is less the specified angle, a vertice is placed at the
meeting point of the two edges. Anchor nodes create the effect of a fix point on the inferred
surface (which is derived from the existing mesh) and keep the location of the anchor nodes
intact.
In HyperMesh 5.0, the mixed (quads and trias) meshing algorithm can be used on mapped and
unmapped surfaces. The mixed meshing algorithm generates a quad dominant mesh where all
transitions between opposing mesh densities are accomplished using tria elements. This
produces mesh patterns that are more regular in appearance.
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2.
3.
Double-click file =.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4.
Select the remesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under <altair
home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
remesh.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Click the box preceding reset mesh parameters to: to make this option active.
5.
6.
7.
Click mesh.
8.
9.
Click return.
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2.
Click jacobian.
Minimum jacobian is 0.45.
3.
Click warpage.
Maximum warpage found is 1.33.
4.
Click aspect.
Maximum aspect ratio is 4.09.
5.
Click skew.
Maximum skew angle is 63.36.
6.
Click return to accept the mesh and return to the automesh panel / create mesh subpanel.
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2.
3.
4.
Click remesh.
5.
6.
7.
Click jacobian.
Minimum jacobian is 0.52.
8.
Click return to accept the mesh and go back to the automesh panel / create mesh
subpanel.
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2.
3.
Click remesh.
4.
5.
Click f next to local view to fit the area being meshed to the graphics area.
6.
7.
8.
Right click multiple times on the 0.000 on the lowest boundary edge to change the value to
2.400.
9.
Click mesh.
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2.
3.
4.
Click retrieve.
5.
Click return.
Proj to Edge
To mesh a surface containing interior fixed points without using the proj to edge
subpanel:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click mesh.
8.
9.
Click abort to return to the automesh panel and to not accept the mesh.
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The fixed points can be projected to multiple surfaces by changing the tolerance values
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click project.
Note:
The distance tolerance and angle tolerance parameters control the creation of
fixed points. If the shortest distance between an edge and an interior fixed point is
less then or equal to the distance tolerance, a fixed point will be created on the edge.
If the angle ABC, formed by an existing fixed point edge (A), the fixed point to-becreated (B) and the interior fixed point (C), is greater than the angle tolerance, a fixed
point will not be created.
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2.
3.
Click mesh.
4.
5.
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Using the Quads Mapped Mesh Element Type and the Smoothing Controls
Using the Mixed Mapped Mesh Element Type and the Smoothing Controls
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the tria_trans.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tria_trans.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Click surfs and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click display
5.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
Click the leftmost toggle and select use size and biasing.
4.
5.
Click the switch under mapped mesh elem type and select quads.
6.
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2.
Click surfs and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
Click mesh.
4.
5.
Click return.
Note that some of the elements may need to be modified.
Repeat the steps using the quads_skew_only component and the skew option activated.
Repeat the steps using the quads_size_skew component and the skew and size options
activated.
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2.
3.
2.
3.
Click the leftmost toggle and select use size and biasing.
4.
5.
Click the switch under mapped mesh elem type and select mixed.
6.
2.
Click surfs and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
Click mesh.
4.
5.
Click return.
Note that some of the elements may need to be modified.
Repeat the steps using the mixed_skew_only component and the skew option activated.
Repeat the steps using the mixed_size_skew component and the skew and size options
activated.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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max deviation
max angle
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The chordal deviation parameters are also available in the density subpanel of the automeshing
module.
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3.
4.
Select the chordal_dev.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
chordal_dev.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click surfs and select by collector from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the display panel.
7.
8.
Click select.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Set max angle = to 90.000 for the maximum angle parameter to be neglected.
2.
Click surfs and select by collector from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the display panel.
3.
4.
Click select.
4.
6.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
Click surfs and select by collector from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the display panel.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
Click surfs and select by collector from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the display panel.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Altair Engineering
welds panel
rbe3 panel
Create RBE3s
springs panel
equations panel
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the connect1.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect1.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the large hole in part 1.
4.
5.
Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the large hole in part 2.
6.
7.
Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the small hole in component A.
8.
9.
Select any three nodes (N1/N2/N3) on the perimeter of the small hole in component B.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Pick a node at the center of the large hole on part 1 to be the independent node:.
5.
Pick nodes on the perimeter of the hole on part 1 to be the dependent node.
6.
Click create
7.
Pick a node at the center of the large hole on part 2 to be the independent node:.
8.
Pick nodes on the perimeter of the hole on part 2 to be the dependent node.
9.
Click create
You model should look like the figure below.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Pick the mid-point node created in the previous exercise to be the independent: node:.
5.
Pick a node at the center of one of the rigid links on part 1 to be the dependent node.
6.
Repeat steps 4 & 5 for the mid-point node and the other rigid link.
Altair Engineering
Using Welds
In this tutorial, use welds to join elements and components.
The welds panel allows you to create normally aligned rigid elements between two plate
elements. Place weld elements between the sections of your model that are to be welded.
Weld elements are displayed as a line between two nodes with the letter W written at the
centroid of the element.
Welds can translate to RBAR in NASTRAN or *mpc in ABAQUS.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the connect2.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect2.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
Using RBE3s
In this tutorial, use RBE3s to join elements and components.
The rbe3 panel allows you to create, review, and update RBE3 elements. The update subpanel
allows you to edit the connectivity, dofs, and weight for each node of the element.
RBE3 elements are displayed as lines between the dependent node and the independent
node(s) with RBE3 displayed at the dependent node of the element.
RBE3s define the motion at a reference grid point -the dependent node- as the weighted
average of the motions at a set of other grid points -the independent nodes. RBE3 is used in
NASTRAN.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the connect3.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect3.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Pick a node at the center of the small hole on component A to be the dependent node.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
Pick a node at the center of the small hole on component B to be the dependent node.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
Using Springs
In this tutorial, use springs to join elements and components.
The springs panel allows you to create spring elements. A spring element is an element
created in a space between two nodes of a model where a spring connection is desired. Spring
elements store a property and a degree of freedom (dof).
Spring elements are displayed as a line between two nodes with the letter K written at the
centroid of the element.
Springs can translate to CELAS2 in NASTRAN or *spring in ABAQUS. Springs require a
property definition.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the connect4.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect4.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Select general.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image subpanel.
This allows you to enter the NASTRAN card data.
7.
Click the data entry field under K1 and enter 1.0 as the spring constant.
8.
2.
3.
Select dof2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
Using Equations
In this tutorial, use equations to simulate a basic contact constraint between components.
The equations panel allows you to create, review, and update equations.
Equations are displayed as lines between the dependent node and the independent node(s)
with the letters EQ displayed at the dependent node of the equation.
Equations are used in NASTRAN as MPC or in ABAQUS as *equation.
Place an equation in a load collector.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the connect5.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
connect5.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
The collector was created.
7.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click the switch and select dof2 as the dependent node degree of freedom.
4.
Activate dof2 as the independent node degree of freedom. Deactivate any other degree of
freedom options selected.
5.
6.
2.
3.
Click create.
4.
Altair Engineering
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the 1D_elements.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
1D_elements.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click the switch below update and select components from the pop-up menu.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click the upper left switch and select lines from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch after element config: and select rigid from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click mesh.
The secondary panel now appears.
7.
Click set segment to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
8.
9.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click none.
4.
Select feature_elements.
Only the elements needed for this exercise are displayed.
5.
6.
7.
Click Comps.
8.
Select feature_elements.
9.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering
Spotweld - HM-215
The first part of this tutorial demonstrates three different ways to create spotwelds or 1D elements
in spotweld panel:
Using geom
Using nodes
Using elems
Using geom option creates 1D elements when surface geometry is available. Using nodes
option creates spotwelds or 1D elements between two nodes or two node sets. It is often used to
connect two finite element parts. Using elems options creates spotwelds or 1D elements
between two element sets. Different from using node options, the 1D elements generated in this
way are not necessary keeping the connectivity between two parts.
The second part of this tutorial demonstrates the use of spotweld input translator in conjunction
with spotweld panel.
Altair Engineering
Using Geom
Using geom subpanel creates 1D element among surface geometry. It is further divided into two
options: surfs-surfs and lines-surfs. The surfs-surfs subpanel is intended to project a number
of spot weld (or any 1D element type) locations defined by either points or nodes onto a large
number of surfaces within the search tolerance of the identified location. When two or more
surface intersections are found for a given location, fixed points are added to the intersected
surfaces, nodes are created at these fixed points, and FE 1D elements are created between
nodes. During the element creation, an option property can be assigned to the 1D elements and
an optional set of local coordinate systems aligned with the 1D elements axis can be created.
The ind surf options allows you to pick individual surfaces defining the independent and
dependent regions.
Figure1
The second option in this subpanel, lines-surfs, has the same functionality as surfs-surfs
except the 1D elements are created between a group of lines and a set of surfaces. Two options
are given in choosing the line: lines and line list. When lines option is chosen, each line is
treated independently. This results in elements being located at beginning and end of each line
with the remainder of the 1D elements being spaced evenly along the length of each individual
line. If the line list option is chosen, all of the selected lines are combined head to tail in the
order they are selected, and are treated as a single line. The density/spacing option indicates the
number or spacing of 1D elements along the line or a set distance between the weld elements to
be created along the line or lines.
Figure2
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the spotweld_geom.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<altair home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
spotweld_geom.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
Figure 3
8.
9.
Check the box in front of element handle to turn on the element handles.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click geom clean button located at the macro menu to access the geom clean panel.
3.
Enter edges/(un)suppress subpanel, click lines, choose all, and click suppress.
4.
Click on spotweld panel located at 1D page. The default setting is using geom subpanel
with surfs-surfs option.
5.
Click return.
6.
7.
Click on the switch under the weld location and choose points.
8.
Click on points again to bring up extended entity selection window. Choose points by
collector, select component collector named Points, and click select.
9.
10. Click create. Note each element has its own local coordinate system.
Figure 4
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch in front of all surfs to choose ind surfs. Now the user can specify the
independent surfaces and dependent surfaces through this option.
5.
Activative the surfs button next to ind surf. Choose the surface belonged to lvl9 component
(blue component) by clicking the surface in the window area.
6.
Click the surfs button next to dep:. Choose the upper flange belong to lvl7 component
(orange component) by clicking these four surfaces in the window area.
7.
8.
9.
10. Highlight the lines button, choose the middle lines of the upper flange.
11. Click create.
Note: The weld will be created between two ends of each line with weld equally spread along
the line based on the specified spacing. Welds will not be created if the separation between
ind surfs and dep surfs is larger than search tolerance (shown in the left part of Figure 5).
Figure 5
Figure 6
Altair Engineering
Figure 7
Altair Engineering
Using nodes
This subpanel is used to create 1D elements between nodes. It is further divided into two
options: node-node and nodes-nodes. Node-node option creates one 1D element at a time.
Nodes-nodes option creates multiple 1D elements at a time by specifying the nodes on the
independent FE shell mesh, and a set of possible dependent nodes on the dependent FE shell
mesh. This option will find the best pairing of the independent and dependent nodes within the
search tolerance and create 1D elements between them.
The move dep node option can be activated to move the dependent node and create a 1D
element normal to the surface formed by the elements attached to the independent node. This
relocation can occur either with or without pre-existing geometrical surfaces defining the
dependent surface. With the move dep node option activated, the remesh dep region option
is available to remesh the dependent region if the quality of mesh is not acceptable.
Figure 8
2.
3.
4.
Select the spotweld_node.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<altair home>/altair/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
spotweld_node.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering
Figure 9
2.
3.
Activate the nodes box next to indep. Click the nodes in the window area as shown in
Figure 10.
Figure 10
4.
Activate the nodes box next to dep:. Click the nodes box again to bring up the entity
selection window, click by collector, and select the big_flange component collector.
Altair Engineering
5.
6.
7.
Click reject.
8.
Check the box in front of move dep nodes option. Note the remesh dep region is available
now.
9.
Figure 11
Altair Engineering
Figure 12
Figure 13
Altair Engineering
Using elems
Using elems supanel is used to create 1D elements between elements. It is intend to connect
two or more finite element models at specific weld locations that are not necessary on the node of
the elements. Therefore the 1D elements created in this way are not necessarily connected to
the FE shell elements. When nodes or points are selected, HyperMesh will first duplicate the
selected nodes or points, project these duplicated nodes or points to the inferred surfaces created
by these two element sets, then create 1D elements between the projected points. The ind
elems option allows you to pick individual elements defining the independent and dependent
regions.
Retrieve the file for this exercise:
1.
2.
3.
Double-click file =.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
4.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
spotweld_elem_new.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
Create 1D elements:
1. Enter spotweld/using elems subpanel.
2.
Click the switch under the weld location and choose nodes.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click create. Four weld elements are created. Note these 1D welds are not connected to
the shell elements.
Figure 14
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
4.
Click import.
5.
6.
Click display panel located at permanent menu. A new component, Master Weld points_2t
containing 7 free points is created.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click point, choose by collector, and select component named Master weld points_2t.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click create. Note these welds are not connected to the dependent shell elements.
Figure 15
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click point, choose by collector, and select component named Master weld points_2t.
8.
Click create. Note the fixed points are created between the welds and the surfaces.
Figure 16
Altair Engineering
Creating a summary file to view and save the calculated element properties
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/. The beam_solid.hm file contains line segments and nodes.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
NOTE
You must load a template and create material and property collector before you
can assign beam properties. A material collector must also be created to
calculate the correct characteristics for the bar or beam elements for the
summary.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Double-click file =.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
9.
Click NU, click the data entry field under NU, and enter 1.
10. Click RHO, click the data entry field under RHO, and enter 1.
11. Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click solve.
Altair Engineering
2.
Double-click props.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
7.
Click Yes.
The property called beam_prop has now been updated with the Area, Moment of Inertia, and
other calculated values added to the property card.
Click the toggle under bar2 element to specify end A and end B.
2.
Leave end A at the centroid and click pick node under end B:
3.
4.
5.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click summary.
The summary information is displayed on the screen. An example of a summary file is shown
at the end of this tutorial.
5.
Click the left mouse button to advance to the next page of the summary file.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click props.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click edit.
The card image is displayed. The values can be edited by clicking in the field you wish to edit
and entering the new values.
7.
Click return.
8.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click Yes.
The HyperMesh session is cleared for the next steps.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
Double-click file =.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click define.
8.
Altair Engineering
NOTE:
9.
You can click the graphical representation of the thickness arrow to toggle
the side of the line where the thickness is to be applied. Each click changes
the location of the thickness of the line from top to bottom or centered. In this
case, place the thickness over the center of the lines.
2.
Double-click props.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
7.
Click Yes.
The weld_prop property has been updated with the Area, Moment of Inertia, and other
calculated values.
8.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
To update the property and view the card in the card previewer:
1.
2.
3.
Click props.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click edit.
The NASTRAN PBEAM card image is displayed. The values can be edited by clicking the
field you want to edit and entering the desired values.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering
Area
A = 220
Centroid
Wrt. User Axes
YC = 0
ZC = 0
global Xc = 0
global Yc = -1.13636
global Zc = 0
IYYP = 16549.2
IZZP = 3693.33
ANGB = 0
Bending
Moments Of Inertia wrt. User Axes
IYY = 16549.2
IZZ = 3693.33
IYZ = 0
IYYC = 16549.2
IZZC = 3693.33
IYZC = 0
EMYP = 369.333
EMZP = 1259.8
PMYP = 680
PMZP = 1715.04
Radius Of Gyration
Altair Engineering
RG = 4.0973
YMAXC = 13.1364
ZMAXC = 10
Shear
Shear Center wrt. Centroid
YS = 1.01881
ZS = 0
Xsc = 0
Ysc = -2.15517
Zsc = 0
AYY = 1.75931
AZZ = 1.84491
AYZ = 0
AYYP = 1.75931
AZZP = 1.84491
ANGS = 0
KYY = 0.568404
KZZ = 0.542033
KYZ = 0
Torsion
Torsional Constant
J = 1754.85
EMT = 221.591
PMT = 744.425
GAMMA = 362403
Torsion/Shear Coefficients
AXY = 0
AXZ = 0
PID
MID
Area
I1
I2
NSM
PBAR
219.999
16549.2
3693.33
1754.84
0.00000
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
F1
F2
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
K1
K2
I12
Altair Engineering
0.56840
0.54203
0.00000
PID
MID
Area
I1
I2
I12
NSM
PBEAM
219.999
16549.2
3693.33
0.00000
1754.84
0.00000
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
F1
F2
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
K1
K2
S1
S2
NSI(A)
NSI(B)
CW(A)
CW(B)
0.56840
0.54203
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
362403.
0.00000
M1(A)
M2(A)
M1(B)
M2(B)
N1(A)
N2(A)
N1(B)
N2(B)
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
-1.0188
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
Altair Engineering
Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh from nodes or lines that are
unconnected.
spline panel
skin panel
Allows you to create a surface and/or mesh skin across a set of lines.
drag panel
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
See the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help for more information:
ruled
spline
skin
drag
line drag
automesh
create nodes
lines
line edit
reparam (line parameters)
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the simple300.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
simple300.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click create.
8.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
-
9.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
10. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 6:
-
surface only
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click the rightmost collector switch and select mesh, keep surf.
7.
Click create.
8.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
-
9.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
10. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 6:
-
surface only
11. For practice, select a combination of node list and line list entity selection methods to create
surfaces or meshes.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the simple300.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
simple300.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Click create.
The line is displayed.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Pick lines L1, L2, and the lines that you created in the previous procedure.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
-
7.
8.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 4:
-
surface only
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
7.
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
8.
To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 4:
-
surface only
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the skin.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
skin.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click create.
6.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
7.
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
8.
To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following and surface options in step 4:
-
surface only
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2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the dragdemo.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
dragdemo.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
6.
To specify the direction along which to drag the line, use the plane and vector collector
switch, or select three nodes. The three nodes specify a plane, and the drag direction is
assumed perpendicular to this plane.
7.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select z-axis as the direction along which to
drag the nodes.
8.
9.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
12. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
-
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
13. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
mesh, dele surf
-
surface only
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2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the simple300.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
simple300.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
6.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select y-axis as the direction along which to
drag the nodes.
7.
8.
9.
Click drag-.
The new surface is displayed.
10. HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
-
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
11. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
-
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
12. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
-
surface only
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2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the dragdemo.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
dragdemo.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
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2.
3.
Click the input collector switch after drag: and select lines.
4.
5.
Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
6.
7.
Click line list to the right of along: and pick line L2 in the graphics area as the guide line
along which to drag the entities.
8.
Click drag.
The new surface is displayed.
9.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
-
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
10. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
To undo, click reject immediately after you create the mesh.
-
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
f the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
11. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 5:
-
surface only
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2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash.
5.
Select the skin.hm file located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
skin.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
Click the data entry field after number of nodes = and enter 6.
5.
6.
Click the data entry field after bias intensity = and enter 0.
7.
Click create.
Six evenly spaced nodes are displayed in the graphics area.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click the input collector switch after drag: and select nodes.
4.
Select the six nodes (in order from 16) created previously along line L1.
5.
Click line list to the right of along: and pick line L2 in the graphics area as the guide line
along which to drag the entities.
6.
Click the lower right switch and select mesh, keep surf.
7.
8.
Click drag.
The new surface is displayed in the graphics area.
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9.
HyperMesh goes to the automesh module panel. Nodal densities are displayed on each
edge of the new surface.
To change the density, click the number in the graphics area with the mouse button. The
left mouse button increases the density; the right mouse button decreases it.
10. Click mesh to create a shell mesh of elements on the new surface.
-
If the surface is unacceptable, click abort to exit immediately the automeshing module
panel without saving the surface that you created.
If the surface and mesh are acceptable, click return. HyperMesh returns to the ruled
panel.
11. To create other types of surfaces and meshes, repeat these steps and select one of the
following mesh and surface options in step 6:
-
surface only
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
HyperMesh displays a list of the files and subdirectories in the current directory. Directory
names are followed by a slash, /.
5.
Select the solidmap.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
solidmap.hm file.
7.
Click retrieve.
8.
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2.
3.
Click the switch after collector type: and select comps as the type of collector you want to
create.
4.
5.
6.
Select Color 5.
7.
Click create.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pick the three surfaces between the source and end surfaces in the graphics area.
Hold the left mouse button and move the cursor in the graphics area to highlight the surfaces.
Release the left mouse button to select the highlighted surface.
9.
10. Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
This specifies which elements to drag. The plate elements on surface A are displayed.
11. Click density = and enter 10 to indicate the number of rows of elements you want to create
between source surface A and end surface B.
12. Click mesh.
The header bar gives status messages as the elements are generated.
When finished, the model contains ten rows of elements that begin at surface A and end at
surface B. The new solid elements follow the contour of the specified along surfaces. The
hole in the center of the original shell element mesh is propagated through the solid element
mesh.
13. Click return to exit the solid map panel.
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Press the function key F1 to access the hidden line menu, or select the hidden line panel on
the Post page.
2.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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To change the performance graphics mode and view the model in hidden line mode:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click all.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Click comps again and select end2 and mid2 as the component collectors.
5.
Click return.
6.
Click size = and enter 10 for the size of the normal vectors to be displayed.
7.
8.
9.
From the graphics area, pick any element in the cyan colored collector end2.
Select the elem offset panel on the 3-D page of the main menu.
2.
Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
4.
5.
Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
7.
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This selection method can be used to select elements of more than one type in a model.
1.
Click number of layers = and enter 3 for the number of rows of elements you want to
create.
2.
Click total thickness = and enter 5 for the total thickness of the elements you want to create.
3.
4.
Click z on the permanent menu and use the left mouse button to draw a circle around the
right side of the bumper.
The solid elements that have been created are extruded from the faces of the
original shell elements. In some cases, the shell elements may have been
modeled at the mid-plane of the solid elements you want to create.
5.
6.
Click offset = and enter 2.5 as the starting position for the solid elements.
7.
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Model created with solid elements from shell elements shown at mid-plane
NOTE
8.
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Drag Panel
In this tutorial, use the drag panel to create solid elements with a linear bias by extruding an
existing mesh of 2-D elements.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the drag.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
drag.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select N1, N2, N3.
5.
Click N1.
6.
7.
8.
Click distance = and enter 100 for the total thickness of elements you want to create.
9.
Click on drag = and enter 20 for the number of rows of solid elements you want to create.
Press the function key F1 to access the hidden line menu, or select the hidden line panel on
the Post page.
2.
3.
Click z on the permanent menu and use the left mouse button to draw a circle around the
right side of the bumper.
NOTE
Each row of elements gets progressively thicker due to the linear bias.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the linedrag.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
linedrag.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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To change the performance graphics mode and view the model in hidden line mode:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click all.
7.
2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
This selects the shell elements that define the section of the solid mesh you want to create.
4.
5.
Pick the two lines that define the helical spring from the graphics area.
Hold the left mouse button and move the cursor in the graphics area to highlight each line.
Release the left mouse button to select each highlighted line.
6.
Click on drag = and enter 200 for the number of rows of solid elements you want to create.
7.
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9.
Practice by clicking the use default vector toggle and selecting specify vector. Also, define
a bias style: and a value for bias intensity =
NOTE
If you select specify vector, use the plane and vector collector to select the
orientation vector.
For more information on the biasing options, refer to the Element Biasing
section in the Automatic Mesh Generation chapter of the Users Manual.
10. Click drag to create a new solid mesh based on the changes made.
11. Click return to accept the new solid mesh and access the main menu.
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Matches the node locations of the tetras with the trias. It guarantees the
connectivity of the tetras with the trias. Use this option whenever you need to
match other components to the resulting tetra mesh.
prism trias
Selects the tria elements that define the surface from which the layers of high
aspect ratio are used when creating a CFD mesh.
normal trias
Selects the tria elements that do not need high aspect ratio tetra layers. This
performs the same function as the normal trias option in the standard tetramesh
panel.
boundary
layer prisms
structured
isotropic
prisms
Uses the local element size for the initial thickness and a value of 1.0 for the
growth rate and acceleration. You can use structured isotropic prism layers in
any situation where ordered layers of tetras are required near the surface. The
mesher uses as many layers as possible of isotropic elements until the elements
in the next layer are of unacceptable quality, and then it switches to the normal
meshing algorithm.
generate
mesh
normally
optimize
meshing
speed
Uses an algorithm which optimizes meshing speed. Use this option if element
quality considerations are less important than mesh generation time. This option
is available in each tetramesh subpanel.
optimize
meshing
quality
Directs the tetramesher to spend more time trying to generate the best shaped
elements. It employs the volumetric ratio, or CFD skew, measurement for rating
potential tetras. Use this option if your solver is sensitive to element quality.
This option is available in each tetramesh subpanel.
growth rate
The growth rate for normal trias and after prism elements are complete.
initial layers
The number of initial layers for normal trias after prism elements are complete.
growth
options
Various growth options can be specified in order to control the tradeoff between
the number of tetras generated and the element quality. Options that can be
selected are standard, aggressive, gradual, interpolate and user controlled. The
standard option is suggested for most conditions. For a detailed explanation of
these parameters, please consult the HyperMesh on-line Help.
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Tetramesh a Volume
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the tetmesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tetmesh.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
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2.
3.
Click the switch below floatable trias: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click the switch below growth option: and select standard from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click the lower right switch and select generate mesh normally from the pop-up menu.
7.
Click tetmesh.
8.
NOTE
The header bar displays status messages as the elements are created. The
right mouse button allows you to cancel the tetramesh operation.
NOTE
Elements that cause the tetramesher to fail are highlighted and placed into a
buffer for later retrieval. See The Tetra Remesh Panel for a description on
retrieving and isolating these elements for inspection.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the tetremesh.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
tetremesh.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
NOTE
The header bar relays the message that the minimum tetra collapse is 0.00, a tetra
element that does not occupy a volume. The save failed operation places the bad
elements that show a tetra collapse value less than what is specified in a buffer,
allowing the elements to be retrieved later.
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2.
3.
Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
4.
Click elems and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
The save failed elements become highlighted.
5.
Click elems and select reverse from the extended entity selection window.
All the elements excluding the save failed become highlighted.
6.
Click mask .
Only the save failed elements should remain.
7.
2.
3.
Click the upper switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
4.
Click the lower switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
5.
6.
Click find.
7.
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2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed from the extended entity selection menu.
Elements to be remeshed become highlighted.
4.
Click remesh.
5.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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CFD Mesh
The accuracy with which a solution is resolved is directly related to the number of elements in
regions of high solution gradient. In most CFD applications, this is near the surface of the flow
and is called boundary layer behavior. Consequently, the mesh is generated so that it clusters
many elements near the surface. The CFD mesh subpanel utilizes floatable trias which allow you
to pack many layers of high aspect ratio tetras against a surface in order to resolve boundary
layer behavior in the solution.
Using the normal algorithm, if you pack many elements against the surface, many of the elements
will have some very obtuse face angles, which often cause problems for solvers. For the prism
layer algorithm, the tetra elements are generated in prism-shaped groups of three or more in such
a way to prevent large angles from appearing. Arbitrarily, many of these high aspect ratio tetras
can be layered against the surface as needed in order to resolve the boundary layer behavior.
They are generated with very thin initial layers, growing in thickness with an accelerating growth
rate until the layer thickness is the same as the width of the prism, at which point the tetramesher
switches to its normal algorithm to efficiently fill the remaining volume.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the sphere.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
sphere.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click all.
8.
Click mesh color and select Color 0 from the pop-up menu.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Click color and select a color for the new collector from the pop-up window.
5.
Click create.
6.
2.
3.
Click the switch below prism trias: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
6.
Click the lower right switch and select generate mesh normally from the pop-up menu.
7.
8.
Scroll through the other options using the TAB key and assign the following values:
init growth rate = 1.100
acceleration = 1.100
growth rate = 1.250
initial layers = 0.750
9.
Click tetmesh.
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To use the mask panel to view the interior of the tetramesh model:
1.
2.
Select top.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click elems and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
7.
Click interior.
8.
Using the left mouse button to define the corners of your window, select elements from the
right half of the model.
9.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
See the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help for more information:
edges
check elements
split-hexa elements subpanel
solid elements subpanel
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2.
3.
4.
Select the el_edit_split.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
el_edit_split.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
Click split.
5.
Use the mouse to build a line in the graphics area that intersects the elements A - E.
To draw the line:
-
Draw the line from element A to element B and release the left mouse button.
6.
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7.
You can use the split panel to split elements in the following ways:
-
NOTE
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2.
3.
4.
Select the split.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
split.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
Pick elements A - E.
4.
5.
Click split.
The selected quads are split into trias.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the el_edit_comb.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
el_edit_comb.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HyperMesh displays the following error message: The elements selected are not planar for
the given tolerance.
7.
8.
Click combine.
The selected elements become one element.
2.
NOTE: Setting tolerance = too high may create warped elements, and/or the deviation from
the geometry may increase.
Maintain proper connectivity (without any internal free edges) after combining elements.
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Replacing Nodes
Aligning Nodes
Placing Nodes
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Refer to the following panels in the HyperMesh Panels On-line Help to learn more about the
utilities for node/mesh manipulation:
Permute
Project
Reflect
Rotate
Translate
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2.
3.
4.
Select the node_editing.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
node_editing.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
The total distance is further broken down into the components distances
and displayed in x dist =, y dist =, and z dist =. These distances are
updated when the total distance is changed. You can also edit these
distances individually, upon which the total distance and other component
distances change.
Click the data entry field after distance = and enter 27.0.
N2 moves along the N1 - N2 vector to reflect this change.
6.
Undo
Click reject.
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Replacing Nodes
The replace panel allows nodes to be replaced with other nodes. Use this function if you want to
manually equivalence two nodes.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorial, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes:
To replace a node:
1.
2.
3.
Click z on the permanent menu and draw a circle around nodes A, B, C, and D.
4.
Click the upper node list and pick node A on the model.
5.
Click the lower node list and pick node B on the model.
Node A moves to the position of node B.
6.
Click at mid-point.
7.
Click the upper node list and pick node C on the model.
8.
Click the lower node list and pick node D on the model.
The nodes move to the midpoint of their original locations.
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9.
Undo
Click the right mouse button immediately after the nodes have been replaced, or click reject.
NOTE
The nodes are equivalenced if you select equivalence. You may move
nodes only if equivalence is not selected.
You can select the second node at any location on a line or along a
surface. In this case, select the node on the line or surface by first
highlighting the line or surface, then selecting the preferred location on the
line or surface.
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Aligning Nodes
The align node panel allows you to project nodes to an imaginary line passing through two
nodes. Nodes being projected do not have to lie between the two nodes selected to form the line.
The nodes are projected to the imaginary line along its normal. This function is mostly used on
planar meshes where straightened mesh lines improve mesh quality.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorials, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes and Replacing Nodes.
To align a node:
1.
2.
Select b on the permanent menu to go back to the previous view of the model.
3.
Click the upper node list and pick node 3 on the model.
4.
Click the lower node list and pick node 4 on the model.
Nodes 3 and 4 define the vector along which other nodes selected are aligned.
5.
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6.
Undo
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Placing Nodes
The node edit panel allows you to associate nodes to a surface, move nodes along a surface, or
place a node at a point on a surface. In this tutorial, use the place node option on the node edit
panel. This option is used to select a node and reposition it to any location on a selected surface.
Use the node_editing.hm file used in the previous tutorials, Changing the Distance
Between Nodes, Replacing Nodes, and Aligning Nodes.
To place a node:
1. Select the node edit panel on the Geom page.
2.
3.
Click z on the permanent menu and draw a circle around E and X in the graphics area.
4.
While destination surf is highlighted, pick the surface to which to associate the node by
selecting on or near one of the surface lines.
5.
6.
Undo
Click the right mouse button or click reject.
NOTE: You can check elements while using the place node on the node edit panel. To do
this, press the F10 key, check the element(s) in question, and click return to access the node
edit panel.
Placing a node on a surface associates the node to the surface. Once a node has been
placed on a surface, another node can be placed on the same surface by picking the new
node and then the surface (you do not have to reselect the surface).
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The amount by which an element or element face (in the case of solid elements)
deviates from being planar. Warpage of up to five degrees is generally acceptable.
Aspect Ratio
The ratio of the element's longest edge to its shortest edge. Aspect ratios should be
less than 5:1 in most cases.
Skew
Jacobian
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the modelchk_final.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
modelchk_final.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
To change the performance graphics mode and view the model in hidden line mode:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click all.
7.
8.
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2.
Select the 3-D subpanel to indicate the type of element you want to check.
3.
Click the data entry field after warpage > and enter 5.0 to specify the maximum allowable
warpage.
4.
Click warpage.
The elements that have a warpage value higher than the value specified are highlighted.
These elements are also defined as failed elements.
5.
The number of failed elements and the maximum warpage value are displayed in the header
bar.
6.
Pick any of the highlighted elements from the graphics area to check the warpage of the
individual elements
2.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click elems and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
The failed elements are highlighted.
5.
Click elems and select reverse from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
Click mask .
Only the failed elements are displayed. This function may be necessary when you are
working with a large number of elements.
7.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the modelchk_final.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
modelchk_final.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
Select the 3-D subpanel to indicate the type of element you want to check.
3.
Click the data entry field after aspect > and enter 5.0 to specify the maximum allowable
aspect ratio.
4.
Click aspect.
The elements that have an aspect ratio value higher than the value specified are highlighted.
These elements are defined as failed elements.
5.
The number of elements failed and the maximum aspect ratio are displayed in the header
bar.
6.
Pick any of the highlighted elements from the graphics area to check the aspect ratio of the
elements individually.
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2.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click elems and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
The failed elements are highlighted.
5.
Click elems and select reverse from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
Click mask .
Only the failed elements are displayed. This function may be necessary when you are
working with a large number of elements.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the modelchk_final.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
modelchk_final.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
8.
9.
Click elems and select displayed on the extended entity selection menu.
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2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed on the extended entity selection menu.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click none.
5.
Click ^edges.
6.
Click return.
To validate the free edges, analyze them with respect to the geometry of the model. If there
are invalid free edges, it means there are duplicate nodes that need to be equivalenced. The
model in the graphics area contains an invalid free edge:
7.
8.
Click all.
The other elements are displayed.
9.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Click elems and select displayed on the extended entity selection menu.
5.
6.
7.
Click equivalence.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click elems and select displayed on the extended entity selection menu.
4.
5.
Click return.
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2.
Click none.
3.
Click ^edges.
4.
Click return.
There are no free edges other than the valid ones.
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Running OptiStruct
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
Running OptiStruct
This tutorial demonstrates how to retrieve a HyperMesh database containing a fully defined
OptiStruct database, export the input deck, and run an OptiStruct job from the solver panel in
HyperMesh.
To retrieve the file:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the plate.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/os/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click write.
This writes the HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
6.
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To run OptiStruct:
1.
2.
Click the upper left switch and select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the OptiStruct executable in the solver = field.
3.
Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck plate.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file plate.fem.
4.
Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in the
directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The plate.out file is a good place to look for
error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
The default files written to your directory are:
plate.oslog
OptiStruct log file containing compliance and volume calculations for each
optimization iteration.
plate.out
OptiStruct output file containing specific information on the file set up, the
set up of your optimization problem, estimate for the amount of RAM and
disk space required for the run, information for each optimization iteration,
and compute time information. Review this file for warnings and errors
that are flagged from processing the plate_hole.fem file.
plate.res
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To execute a check run to validate your input deck and determine how much RAM and
disk space is necessary for the run:
To execute a check run to validate your input deck and determine how much RAM/disk
space is necessary for the PC run:
Add the check parameter to your input deck and run OptiStruct.
Information regarding memory requirements is written to plate.out.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the plate_hole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/os/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate_hole.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
7.
8.
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2.
3.
Click the collector type switch and select mats from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MAT1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click create/edit.
This loads the MAT1 card image for a new material, steel.
7.
8.
9.
Click return.
10. Click the collector type switch and select comps from the pop-up menu.
11. Click name = and enter shells.
12. Click card image = and select PSHELL from the pop-up menu.
13. Click material = and select steel.
14. Click color and select Color 8.
15. Click create/edit.
This loads the PSHELL card image for a new component, shells, assigns Color 8 to the
elements that are organized into this component, and assigns the material, steel, to this
component.
16. For T, enter the value 10.0.
This turns on the thickness.
OptiStruct stores information regarding shell thicknesses on the PSHELL card.
17. Click return twice to access the main menu.
There is now a component called shells. Any elements created and organized into this
component will have the thickness attribute defined on the PSHELL card for the shells
component (T=10.0mm). The elements will also have material attributes, defined on the
MAT1 card by the material collector steel, since the shell component references this material.
At any time, the card images for these collectors can be modified using the card image
subpanel. A different material for the components can also be defined using the update
subpanel.
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2.
3.
Click mesh.
4.
5.
6.
Click mesh.
Refer to Figure 1 to see what the mesh should look like. The automesher should create
about 415 elements on the surface.
7.
Click return.
This saves the mesh into the shells component.
8.
2.
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3.
Create constraints:
-
Make sure the current load collector is set to spcs in the global panel on the permanent
menu.
Click nodes and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
Dofs with a check will be constrained while dofs without a check will be free.
Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are x, y, and z translation degrees of freedom.
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are x, y, and z rotational degrees of freedom.
-
Select create.
Set your current load collector to forces in the global panel on the permanent menu.
Click nodes, and select save from the extended entity selection menu.
Click return.
Use the count panel to automatically count these nodes so that a calculation can be made to
create a total force of 1000N.
Select the count panel on the Tool page.
-
Click the upper left switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
Click the upper left nodes and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
This retrieves the nodes you just saved in the forces panel.
-
Click selected.
Click return.
Click nodes, and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
Click magnitude = and enter a magnitude such that the total load on the nodes around
the hole is 1000N.
Click the vector definition switch below magnitude =, and select z-axis from the pop-up
menu.
Click create.
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5.
The last step in setting up the boundary conditions is to create an OptiStruct subcase, also
called a loadstep in HyperMesh:
Select the load steps panel on the BCs page.
-
Click select.
Click return.
Click create.
Figure 2. Illustration of which nodes to select for applying single point constraints
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click write.
This writes the HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
6.
To run OptiStruct:
1.
2.
Click the upper left switch and select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the optistruct executable in the solver = field.
3.
Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck plate_hole.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse the directory structure for the file plate_hole.fem.
4.
Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, the user should see new results
files in the directory from which plate_hole.fem was selected. The plate_hole.out
file is a good place to look for error messages which could help debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
The default files written to the directory are:
plate_hole.res
plate_hole.out
OptiStruct output file containing specific information on the file set up, the
set up of the optimization problem, estimate for the amount of RAM and
disk space required for the run, information for each optimization iteration,
and compute time information. Review this file for warnings and errors
that are flagged from processing the plate_hole.fem file.
plate_hole.oslog
OptiStruct log file containing compliance and volume calculations for each
optimization iteration.
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2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
Click deform.
A deformed plot of your model should be visible, overlaid on the original undeformed mesh.
Refer to Figure 4. to see what the plot should look like with an isometric view.
-
5.
Does the deformed shape look correct for the boundary conditions applied to the mesh?
Figure 4. Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on original undeformed mesh. Model units are set to 250.
2.
3.
4.
Click contour.
-
Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
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5.
6.
Click assign.
What is the maximum von Mises stress value?
7.
Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
Figure 5. von Mises stress plot using discrete contours (performance graphics option).
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
How could the structure be modeled using symmetry?
-
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2.
3.
Click file = twice and select the coffee_lid.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation
directory under /tutorials/os/.
4.
Click retrieve.
The temperature loads are represented (by default) by icons sized to 10 model units. These
icons may be too large with respect to the model size. Select the temperatures panel on the
BCs page and set magnitude% to the value 0.500. Or, suppress the display of the load
collector in the display panel.
The temperatures are higher around the drip-through hole and lower at the edges of the lid.
This loading is representative of the brewed liquid running through the hole, the most extreme
temperature gradient the lid will see during regular use.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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3.
Click the collector type switch and select mats from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MAT1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click create/edit.
This loads the MAT1 card image for a new material, plastic.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
Click the collector type switch and select comps from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
Edit the component collector PSHELL cards again to make sure that the MIDs are now set to
the value 1.
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1.
2.
3.
Click the collector type switch and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
Click create.
Make sure your current load collector is set to constraints in the global panel on the
permanent menu.
Select the two nodes shown in Figure 1 at the corners of the spout cut-out.
Constrain dof3.
Dofs with a check will be constrained while dofs without a check will be free.
Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are x, y, and z translation degrees of freedom.
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are x, y, and z rotational degrees of freedom.
-
Select create.
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4.
Click create.
The last step in setting up the boundary conditions is to create an OptiStruct subcase, also
called a loadstep in HyperMesh:
-
Click select.
Click create.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
6.
To run OptiStruct:
1.
2.
Click the upper left switch and select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the OptiStruct executable in the solver = field.
3.
Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck lid_complete.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file lid_complete.fem.
4.
Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files should appear in
the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The lid_complete.out file is a good place
to look for error message that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
5.
lid_complete.out
OptiStruct output file containing specific information on the file set up,
the set up of your optimization problem, estimate for the amount of RAM
and disk space required for the run, information for each optimization
iteration, and compute time information. Review this file for warnings
and errors that are flagged from processing the lid_complete.fem
file.
lid_complete.oslog
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2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
Click deform.
This shows a deformed plot of the model overlaid on the original undeformed mesh. See
figure 3 for what a plot should look like with an isometric view.
-
5.
Does the deformed shape look correct for the boundary conditions applied to the mesh?
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2.
3.
4.
Click contour.
What is the maximum displacement value?
At what location does the model have its maximum displacement?
Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
5.
6.
Click assign.
What is the maximum von Mises stress value?
At what location does the model have its maximum stress?
Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
Is there a singularity present? If so, how can it be fixed?
7.
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
The singularity at the spout cut-out:
If thermal stresses are required, the singularity problem must be resolved as this area
contains elements with the largest von Mises stress values.
Representation of the hinge opposite of the spout cut-out:
In this analysis, the region around the hinges may be a concern. There are relatively high
stress values that must be resolved. For instance, if testing shows that the coffee pot lid
wears out around the hinge area over time, these thermal stresses could possibly cause that
fatigue.
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3.
Click yes.
Deleting the current model clears the current HyperMesh database. Information stored in
.hm files on your disk is not affected.
4.
3.
4.
Click filename = twice and select the sshield.fem file, located in the HyperWorks
installation directory under /tutorials/os/.
5.
Click import.
6.
7.
8.
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2.
Click review.
3.
4.
3.
Click the collector type switch and select mats from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MAT1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click create/edit.
This loads the MAT1 card image for a new material, steel.
7.
8.
9.
2.
Click the collector type switch and select comps from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click name = twice and select the component containing your shell elements. In this case,
the component name should be design.
4.
Click edit.
5.
6.
Repeat the same procedure to change the thickness of the nondesign component.
Before returning from editing the PSHELL card for your shells component, what material
ID is the shells component assigned to?
It needs to be assigned to the material just created (steel), with MID=1.
7.
Click return.
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2.
Click the collector type switch and select comps from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
Edit the component collector PSHELL cards again to make sure that the MIDs are now set to
the value 1.
10. Repeat the same procedure to update the material id of the nondesign component.
11. Click return to access the main menu.
To apply boundary conditions to the model:
In this section, the model is constrained at the bolt locations.
Figure 1. Selecting nodes for constraining the bolt locations. Zoomed in from a top view.
1.
2.
3.
Click create.
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4.
Click the collector type switch and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
Click card image = and select EIGRL from the pop-up menu.
Click load/edit.
Make sure the current load collector is set to constraints in the global panel on the
permanent menu.
Select the two nodes shown in Figure 1 (the center of your rigid spiders).
Constrain dof1-dof6.
Dofs with a check will be constrained while dofs without a check will be free.
Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are x, y, and z translation degrees of freedom
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are x, y, and z rotational degrees of freedom.
-
Select create.
The last step in setting-up the boundary conditions is to create an OptiStruct subcase, also
called a loadstep in HyperMesh:
-
Click select.
Click create.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as an OptiStruct ASCII input deck.
6.
To run OptiStruct:
1.
2.
Click the upper left switch select OptiStruct from the pop-up menu.
HyperMesh loads the direct path to the OptiStruct executable in the solver = field.
3.
Click input file = and enter the OptiStruct input deck sshield_complete.fem.
or
Click input file = again and browse your directory structure for the file
sshield_complete.fem.
4.
Click solve.
This launches the OptiStruct job. If the job is successful, new results files can be viewed in
the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The sshield_complete.out file is a good
place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are
present.
5.
sshield_complete.out
sshield_complete.oslog
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2.
3.
4.
2.
Click simulation =.
There are six simulations:
MODE 1-F = 3.49E + 01
MODE 2-F = 5.65E + 01
MODE 3-F = 7.88E + 01
MODE 4-F = 9.01E + 01
MODE 5-F = 1.29E + 01
MODE 6-F = 1.49E + 02
-
What are the frequency values for the 6 roots OptiStruct extracted?
MODE 1 =
Hz.
MODE 2 =
Hz.
MODE 3 =
Hz.
MODE 4 =
Hz.
MODE 5 =
Hz.
MODE 6 =
Hz.
3.
Select Mode 1.
4.
5.
Click modal.
An animation of the mode shape should be seen at the first frequency.
Does the deformed shape look correct for the boundary conditions applied to the mesh?
For modal solutions, make sure that the constrained nodes are not moving.
View the rest of your mode shapes using the same model units.
Does the shape of mode #5 match the shape shown in Figure 2?
6.
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7.
Click exit.
8.
Analysis Review
Review the following points:
-
It is necessary to push the natural frequencies of the splash shield above 50Hz. With the
current model, there should be one mode that violates this constraint: Mode 1. Design
specifications allow the inner disjointed circular rib to be modified such that no significant
mass is added to the part. The available package space for this new rib is shown as the
solid region in Figure 3. The thickness of the solid region is equal to the depth of the
original rib. Is there a better configuration for this rib within the above stated constraints
that will push the first mode above 50Hz?
Figure 3. Green solid region represents the available package space for redesigning the inner disjointed circular rib.
Altair Engineering
Allows you to create contour and assigned plots of your model. Use this
function to see your results graphically, in either a contour or assigned plot
mode.
deformed panel
The deformed panel plots displacement analysis results. Use this function to
see the motion of your structure after analysis.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
Click return.
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To create and display a contour plot using the analysis results file:
1.
2.
3.
4. Click title = and enter This is the title for the contour plot.
5.
Click contour.
The contoured plot is displayed. The legend, which identifies the values associated with the
color bars, is displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area. The title of the plot is also
displayed.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1.
2.
Click contour.
For contour plots, the titles are attached to nodes in the graphics area.
2.
Click contour.
A new title box, displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area, describes features of the
displayed results.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click contour.
The main menu is removed and a full size screen plot is displayed.
3.
2.
Click contour.
The mesh lines are yellow.
2.
Click contour.
Click the lower left switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2.
3.
Click contour.
The model is deformed.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click contour.
The engineering values in the results file are changed to reflect this factor. The shape of the
model changes as well.
Click the lower left toggle next to find minimum and select minimum =.
2.
3.
Click contour.
Click the upper left toggle next to find maximum and select maximum =.
2.
3.
Click contour.
2.
Click the toggle next to mode and switch between hidden line and wireframe.
The model is displayed in hidden line and wireframe mode.
3.
Click the toggle next to color and switch between by element and contour.
The color display of the model changes to reflect your selection.
4.
Click the toggle next to mesh and switch between mesh, features, and none.
This changes the plotting of the meshed lines.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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6.
7.
Click translate +.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 positive units forward in the direction normal to the plane
defined by the three nodes that you selected.
8.
Select translate -.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 negative units in the direction normal to the plane defined
by the three nodes you selected.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
Click return.
To create and display an assign plot using the analysis results file:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click title = and enter This is the title for the assign plot.
5.
Click assign.
The assigned plot is displayed. The legend, which identifies the values associated with the
color bars, is displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area. The title of the plot is also
displayed.
The assign function assigns a color to each element in the model, based on the values in the
results file. The elements are then displayed in the solid color assigned to them.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1.
2.
Click assign.
For assigned plots, the titles are attached to the elements.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click assign.
A new title box, displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area, describes some features
of the displayed results.
2.
Click assign.
The main menu is removed and a full size screen plot is displayed.
3.
2.
Click assign.
The mesh lines are yellow.
2.
Click assign.
Click the lower left switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2.
3.
Click assign.
The model is deformed.
2.
Click assign.
The engineering values in the results file are changed to reflect this factor. The shape of the
model changes as well.
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Click the lower left toggle next to find minimum and select minimum =.
2.
3.
Click assign.
Click the upper left toggle next to find maximum and select maximum =.
2.
3.
Click assign.
2.
Click the toggle next to mode and switch between hidden line and wireframe.
The model is displayed in hidden line and wireframe mode.
3.
Click the toggle next to color and switch between by element and contour.
The color display of the model changes to reflect your selection.
4.
Click the toggle next to mesh and switch between mesh, features, and none.
This changes the plotting of the meshed lines.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click translate +.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 positive units forward in the direction normal to the plane
defined by the three nodes that you selected.
8.
Click translate -.
The cutting plane is moved 10.000 negative units in the direction normal to the plane defined
by the three nodes that you selected.
9.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Select the bumper.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click all.
4.
Click return.
and
The performance graphics engine treats each HyperMesh component as an independent unit.
This feature allows you to assign a set of display attributes to each component of your model that
determine how each component is displayed. For more information on the display attributes that
you can assign to each component, see the topic Component Display in Performance Graphics in
the HyperMesh Users Guide.
To create and display a contour plot:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click title = and enter This is the performance graphics contour plot.
6.
7.
Click contour.
To attach titles to the entities with the least and greatest results values:
1.
2.
Click contour.
For contour plots, the titles are attached to nodes in the graphics area.
2.
Click contour.
A new title box, displayed in the top left corner of the graphics area, describes some features
of the displayed results.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click contour.
The main menu is removed and a full size screen plot is displayed.
3.
2.
Click contour.
The mesh lines are yellow.
2.
Click contour.
Click the lower center switch next to undeformed and select scale factor.
2.
3.
Click contour.
The model is deformed.
2.
Click contour.
The engineering values in the results file are changed to reflect this factor. The shape of the
model changes as well.
2.
3.
4.
Click contour.
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2.
Click the upper left toggle next to find maximum and select maximum =.
3.
4.
Click contour.
2.
3.
Click the upper right toggle next to single and select double.
4.
In the performance graphics engine, the cutting plane function allows three planes to be active
simultaneously. A cutting plane can be moved through the model by selecting the active plane
with the mouse and then dragging it across the model.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the bumper.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
bumper.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Select the bumper.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click the toggle next to engine: and select standard, if not already displayed.
To create and display a deformed plot using the analysis results file:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click title = and enter This is the title for the deformed plot.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click undef color and select a color from the pop-up window.
The as selected option allows you to select a constant color for all the elements in the
structure.
The use elem color option colors the elements in the structure the same color as the
element.
The use background option colors the structure the same color as your background..
9.
Click the switch next to deform color and select use elem color.
Any change made to the visual options causes the undeformed shape to
be removed from the display.
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2.
Click deform.
The main menu is removed and a full size screen plot is displayed.
3.
2.
3.
Click linear.
HyperMesh calculates the animation frames and displays them. Each frame is a linear
interpolation of the maximum displacement for each node.
During animation, the visual controls in the permanent menu can be used to manipulate the
view. The visual options can be used to manipulate the display.
4.
5.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the rotor.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
rotor.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
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2.
3.
Select the rotor.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click modal.
HyperMesh calculates the animation frames and displays them. Each frame is a linear
interpolation of the maximum displacement for each node.
Modal animations are calculated and displayed in HyperMesh such that the shape is shown
in its positive and negative form. All the visual options, as well as view manipulation, can be
used during animation.
5.
6.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the treb.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
treb.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
4.
Select the treb.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
2.
3.
4.
Click the toggle after result color type: and select discrete contours.
Discrete contours produces discrete color bands on contour plots with distinct boundaries
between contour levels.
2.
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2.
3.
Select Time step 0, t = 0.000e+00 to be used as the starting point for calculating the
deformed shape of the structure.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Select Vonmises (mid) as the data type used to calculate the deformed shape of the
structure.
8.
9.
Click maximum = and enter 2000 as the maximum data type value on the contour plot.
2.
Click return to exit the animation panel and return to the transient panel.
Click the legend in graphics area to activate the legend edit panel.
2.
3.
4.
Click transient.
In the header bar, the message Some element results not found (ignored) is displayed.
This message occurs because rigid links and joints are displayed in the graphics area.
HyperMesh doesnt support results for these entities.
HyperMesh returns to the animation panel, the bitmap frames are built, and the animation
begins.
5.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click transient.
In the header bar, the message Some element results not found (ignored) is displayed.
This message occurs because rigid links and joints are displayed in the graphics area.
HyperMesh doesnt support results for these entities.
2.
3.
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Using the fatigue panel to export data and write an nSOFT input deck
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2.
3.
4.
Select the keyhole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
keyhole.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
Select the keyhole.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
Select the transient dynamic option if a dynamic finite element analysis was
used to obtain the stress/strain results for the model.
Select the binary option if the fatigue solver allows a binary input file.
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For more information on fatigue solvers and acceptable input file formats,
please see the fatigue panel in the Panels On-line Help.
4.
Click output file = and enter a name for the output file.
This file becomes the input file for the fatigue solver.
5.
Click data group = and select any of the data groups that you want to write to the output file.
The data groups are organized based on whether nodal or elemental results are available in
the results file.
NOTE
6.
For more information on how HyperMesh organizes the analysis results available
in the results file, please see the fatigue panel in the Panels On-line Help.
For a static/modal analysis, you can write out stress/strain information from one
or all of the simulations.
For a transient dynamic analysis, you can write out stress/strain information for
one or all of the time steps, or you can choose a range from the starting time step
to the ending time step.
For more information, see the fatigue panel in the Panels On-line Help.
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The next step is to select the entities for which the finite element analysis results file is written.
NOTE
The type of entity you select is based upon the data group you selected. Select
nodes if the data group you selected refers to nodal results. Similarly, select
elements if the data group you selected refers to elemental results. If the data
group results and the entity type are not the same, HyperMesh displays an error
message, Results file doesnt contain nodal values.
7.
8.
Click elems and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
9.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the raildemo.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
raildemo.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
4.
Select the raildemo.res file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that results = now displays the location of the
raildemo.res file.
6.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Pick three nodes on the model in the graphics area. Pick a node near each end and one
node in the center of the model.
11. Click create.
Three displacements vs. time curves are created on a standard plot. The plot is located in
the upper left corner of the graphics area. The name of the plot, untitled1, is displayed in
the create new plot data entry field.
To create a plot and a curve using the along nodes subpanel:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click contour.
A contour plot of total displacements is created.
6.
Pick 14 nodes on the model so that the nodes define a path. Pick the nodes across the
different contour colors where the model curves.
NOTE
7.
The order in which the nodes are picked determines the connectivity of the
data points on the curve being created.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click contour.
A contour plot of total displacements along the x-axis is created.
6.
Pick 14 nodes on the model so that the nodes define a path. Pick the nodes across the
different contour colors where the model curves.
7.
Complex data can also be plotted for shell elements using the results,
along nodes, and position subpanels on the results curve panel. For more
information, see the HyperMesh 4.0 Update Training document.
2.
Click move.
3.
Hold down the mouse button and drag the plot containing curve 9 to the upper right corner of
the graphics area.
4.
5.
Click move.
6.
Hold down the mouse button and drag the plot containing curve 8 to the upper middle section
of the graphics area.
7.
Click p.
8.
Click return.
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2.
3.
If the along cut subpanel is not visible, switch from the performance to
standard graphics mode. If it is visible, go to step 4.
Click return.
Click return.
4.
5.
Click contour.
A contour plot of total displacements is created.
6.
Click the plane and vector collector switch and select N1 N2 N3.
7.
Click edit.
8.
9.
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To rename a plot:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click rename.
In the header bar, the message The collector was renamed is displayed.
6.
Click return.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
Click none.
No plots are displayed in the graphics area.
4.
5.
Right-click railstrs.
The railstrs plot is no longer displayed in the graphics area.
6.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
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2.
Click none.
3.
4.
Click return.
5.
Click push.
In the header bar, the message Select a window to push to the background is
displayed.
Click return.
6.
Double-click plot =.
7.
Select myplot1.
8.
9.
Select curve 3.
Curves 2, 3, 6, and 7 are selected. Curves, 2, 6, and 7 are displayed on the plot myplot1.
2.
Click expand.
3.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click curve =.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
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2.
Click plot =.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click title =.
10. Enter node 625 Disp (total disp) VS time in the data entry field after title =.
11. Press the ENTER key.
In the plot legend, the title description for curve6 reflects this change.
12. Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
When yaxis title = is selected, the x-axis title Time is displayed in the
graphics area.
6.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click update.
7.
8.
Click update.
The plot myplot1 is updated to have the same grid attributes as the plot raildisp. The plot
raildisp is moved to the background; and only the plot myplot1 is visible in the graphics
area.
9.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
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Changes made to the border of the plot, such as editing the color and line
thickness, are also reflected in the border of the plot legend. Turning off
the border of the plot also turns off the plot legends border.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Try changing the subtitle and label of the plot, and their color and font size.
7.
Click return.
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3.
4.
5.
Click filter = and enter the path name of the copy command for your operating system.
6.
If you are using the UNIX version of HyperMesh, enter /bin/cp in the filter = data entry
field.
7.
8.
9. Click execute.
A file named curve3_data.ascii is created and saved to the directory from which HyperMesh
is run. This file contains the xy data for curve3. A copy of curve3 is also created in HyperMesh
and is named curve11. curve11 is on the plot myplot1. In the data entry field following target =
is curve11.
NOTE: If you are using HyperMesh for the PC, a DOS window may appear with the following
message: Does curve3_data.ascii specify a file name or directory name on the target <F =
file, D = directory)? Type F for file.
10. Click return.
11. Review the curve3_data.ascii file.
For the UNIX version of HyperMesh, go to the directory from which HyperMesh is run.
For the PC version of HyperMesh, open the file with a text editor.
-
2.
Click delete.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click delete.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click myplot3.
7.
8.
9.
Click return.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click x =.
5.
6.
7.
Select the rcforc.ascii file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
Note that x = displays the location of the rcforc.ascii file as well as Time. type =
displays Time.
8.
Click y =.
9.
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2.
Click expand.
3.
4.
Click return.
To edit a curve:
1.
2.
Click curve =.
3.
Select curve1.
4.
Click comp =.
5.
Select Y.
6.
Click modify.
curve1 reflects the component Y.
7.
Click comp =.
8.
Select Z.
9.
Click modify.
curve1 reflects the component Z.
2.
3.
4.
Click return.
To create plots:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Repeat steps 2 - 4 to create four standard plots named test3, test4, test5, and test6.
6.
In the graphics area, the four plots are stacked on top of the plot test2. It appears that there
are only two plots displayed in the graphics area (untitled and test2).
7.
Click return.
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2.
Click unstack.
Six plots are displayed in the graphics area.
3.
Click return.
To edit curves:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click create.
Given c1, a curve is created which is the indefinite integral of c1. The curve is named
curve2 and is located on the plot test2.
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Using Filters
Curves can be passed through an SAE filter. In this tutorial, filter a curve using the edit curves
panel.
To filter a curve:
1.
2.
Select untitled.
x = displays c1.x.
3.
4.
Click create.
A third curve, curve3, is created on the same plot as curve1.
NOTE
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For a description of the SAE class filter saefilter and other math
functions and operators, see the topic List of Functions and Operators in
the Math Reference chapter.
2.
Select test3.
3.
4.
5.
Click create.
Given c1, a curve is created which is the amplitude spectrum of the FFT of c1. The curve is
named curve4 and is located on the plot test3.
6.
Click return.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
Click plot =.
3.
Select test4.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
Given c1, curve 5 is created which is an eighth order polynomial fit of curve c1. Curve 5 is
located on the plot test4.
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2.
Select test5.
3.
4.
5.
Click create.
Given c1, curve6 is created which is a portion of the original curve, with .01 X .04.
Curve 6 is located on the plot test5.
6.
Click return.
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2.
Click plot =.
3.
4.
5.
Click the data entry field after to: x and enter 0.05.
6.
Click integrate.
In the graphics area, the area under curve1 is shaded. area = displays 5.218, and avg
height = displays 104.366.
7.
Click return.
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2.
Click the switch and select sub from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click execute.
A curve is created that illustrates the difference between curve1 and curve3. The curve is
named curve7 (displayed in the target = field) and is located on plot test6.
Altair Engineering
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the plate_hole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
plate_hole.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that template file = now displays the location of
the general template.
The NASTRAN general template allows you to define NASTRAN-specific attributes in
HyperMesh.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
The MAT1 card image is loaded for the material steel.
7.
8.
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9.
Click NU, click the data entry field under NU, and enter 0.30.
2.
Select the surface displayed in the graphics area and click mesh.
3.
4.
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5.
Click mesh.
The automesher creates about 400 elements on the surface.
6.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
The collector is created.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
The collector is created.
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To create constraints:
1.
2.
3.
Click return.
4.
5.
6.
Click nodes and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the Build Window panel.
7.
8.
Create a window around the left and right edges of the model. Do this by picking points on
the screen with your mouse.
9.
2.
3.
Click return.
4.
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5.
6.
Click nodes and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
HyperMesh goes to the Build Window panel.
7.
Click interior.
8.
Create a window around the hole of the model. Do this by picking points on the screen with
your mouse.
9.
10. Click nodes and select save from the extended entity selection menu.
11. Click return.
12. Select the count panel on the Tool page.
The nodes are counted automatically so that a calculation can be made to create a total force
of 1000N.
13. Click the upper left switch and select nodes.
14. Click nodes and select retrieve from the extended entity select menu.
The nodes saved in the forces panel are retrieved.
15. Click selected to count the number of nodes around the hole.
16. Click return.
17. Select the forces panel on the BCs page.
18. Click nodes and select retrieve from the extended entity selection menu.
19. Click magnitude = and enter 1000/47 or /number of nodes found in the count panel.
The total load on the nodes around the hole is 1000N.
20. Click the plane and vector definition switch below magnitude = and select z-axis.
21. Click create.
22. Click return.
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The last step in setting up the boundary conditions is to create a NASTRAN subcase (a
load step in HyperMesh).
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click create.
The load step is created.
6.
Click return.
2.
Click SOL.
3.
Click the switch and select either Statics (SOL 101) or Statics & Lin. Heat Transfer (SOL
24) from the pop-up menu.
4.
Click return.
5.
Click PARAM.
6.
Click AUTOSPC.
7.
Click return.
8.
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2.
3.
If the nastran/general template is not specified in the template = field, click template =
and select the general template file from the nastran directory.
4.
5.
Click write.
This writes your HyperMesh database as a NASTRAN ASCII input deck.
6.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
Exit the text editor and submit the job to NASTRAN for analysis.
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2.
3.
Retrieve the input deck that was used to run the NASTRAN job:
Select the files panel.
Select the import subpanel.
Double click translator = and select nastran.
Double click filename = and choose plate_hole.dat.
Click EXTERNAL.
Click the upper toggle to no overwrite.
Click import.
4.
5.
6.
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2.
Click simulation =.
SUBCASE-1 is the only simulation. If you had created two load steps, two simulations would
exist: SUBCASE-1 and SUBCASE-2. The subcase IDs reflect your HyperMesh load step
IDs.
3.
Click Subcase-1.
4.
5.
Click deform to view a deformed plot of your model overlaid on the original, undeformed
mesh (refer to the figure below).
Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on original undeformed mesh. Model units are set to 250.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click contour.
7.
8.
Click assign.
9.
von Mises stress plot using discrete contours (in performance graphics mode).
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click retrieve.
2.
Double-click template file = and choose abaqus/standard.3d from the templates directory.
2.
3.
Click execute.
4.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
Click create/edit.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
-
By default, the selected type is ISOTROPIC. If it is not set to ISOTROPIC, click the
switch and select it.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath E and enter 2.1E5.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NU and enter 0.3
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Double-click comps and select INDENTOR and BEAM from the list.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click load.
6.
7.
8.
2.
3.
Click comps and select INDENTOR from the list of component collectors.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select left from the pop-up menu.
2.
3.
Click the input collector switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
4.
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5.
Pick points on the screen to create a window like the one shown in the picture below.
6.
7.
Click mask .
8.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
9.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and click card image.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click elems to the right of slave and select displayed from the extended entity selection
menu.
6.
Click add to the right of slave: to add these faces to the *SURFACE DEFINITION.
When elements are added to a group, HyperMesh creates ghost element images that are
placed into the group. The original element that was selected is not modified.
7.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click update on the same line as master: to add the set to the *SURFACE DEFINITION.
8.
2.
3.
4.
Click edit.
5.
Click the field under SLAVE in the *CONTACT PAIR card image and enter SLAVE1.
6.
Click the field under MASTER in the *CONTACT PAIR card image and enter MASTER1.
7.
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Click MasterSurfaceDefinition.
Note that a *SURFACE DEFINITION card now appears in the card image.
There are two ways to define the surface from a set:
-
Using this method requires all of the elements in the set to be aligned properly and also
requires you to know which face is involved in the contact. Also note that ABAQUS does
not allow the TRIM option to be used simultaneously with a face identifier. In order to use
the TRIM option (discussed next), you must have the MSLabel(1) switch set to NoLabel.
If you want to define the surface using the ABAQUS TRIM functionality:
Click the TRIM option under MasterSurfaceDefinition.
Click the switch under TRIM and select YES from the list.
Using this method allows ABAQUS to automatically define the master surface based on the
rules found in the ABAQUS Users Manual. Also note that ABAQUS does not allow the
TRIM option to be used simultaneously with a face identifier. In order to use the TRIM
option, you must have the MSLabel(1) switch set to NoLabel.
2.
Click SlaveSurfaceDefinition.
No modification of the slave *SURFACE DEFINITION card is necessary since the surface is
defined using element faces. When you export the deck to ABAQUS, a list of the element
faces is written after the *SURFACE DEFINITION card.
3.
Click SurfaceInteraction.
4.
5.
Click the field beneath FrictionCoeff in the card image and enter 0.05
6.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
Click create/edit.
Click the field beneath SETNAME in the card image and enter GROUNDED
Click the field beneath dof1 in the card image and enter 3.
The dof2 field in the *SPRING card is ignored by ABAQUS for SPRING1 elements.
Click the field beneath Stiffness in the card image and enter 1.0E-5
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2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and click no card image.
5.
6.
7.
Click create.
8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click component = and select GROUNDED from the list of component collectors.
As the spring elements are created, they are placed in this component. This component is
then tied to the *SPRING card through the name: GROUNDED.
6.
7.
8.
Click property = and select SPRING from the list of property collectors.
This shorthand selects all of the nodes from 451 to 460 in increments of 3.
Click create.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
2.
3.
4.
Double-click name = and select STEP1 from the list of load collectors.
5.
Click edit.
6.
7.
Select Increment and Nlgeom from below StepParameters in the options list.
Click the field beneath INCREMENT in the card image and enter 100.
Click the Init_Increment field in the card image to change from the default value.
Click the field beneath Init_Increment in the card image and enter 0.05
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8.
9.
Click the switch under FILEFORMAT and select ASCII from the list.
2.
3.
4.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select left from the pop-up menu.
5.
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6.
Click points on the screen to create the pick window shown in the picture below.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
7.
Click select.
8.
Click create.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Deactivate the check boxes next to dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6.
5.
Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
Select LOADED.
7.
Click select.
8.
Click create.
9.
2.
3.
Click nodes and select by sets from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Select LOADED.
5.
Click select.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Click filename = and type in a name for the input deck: job1.inp
5.
Select TEMPLATE.
6.
7.
Click write.
8.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
6.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the ABAQUS solver using the job1.inp file that was
written from HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering
To import the hm file, attach the results file, and set visual options:
1.
2.
3.
Read the input deck that was used to run the ABAQUS job or the input deck supplied in the
tutorials directory:
4.
5.
6.
Double-click filename = and choose job1.inp, if you ran your own solver program and
abaqus3_0tutorial.inp, if you want to use the supplied file.
Select EXTERNAL.
Click import.
Click execute.
If you are using the x version of HyperMesh, an error message may be displayed. Select
continue in the pop-up menu.
Double-click results file = and choose job1.hmres if you ran your own solver program
and abaqus3_0tutorial.res if you want to use the supplied file.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click the leftmost switch and select model units from the pop-up menu.
5.
6.
Click contour.
7.
8.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select restore 1 from the pop-up menu.
9.
Click assign.
The default location for ABAQUS to output stress values is at the Integration Points. The
hmabaqus program takes these values and averages them to the centroid of each element.
Therefore, the most accurate representation of the stress values as they were reported from
ABAQUS can be found with an assigned plot.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click transient.
HyperMesh calculates seven frames of animation showing the displacement and von Mises
stress for each increment. In a non-linear analysis, this type of animation is necessary to
view the history of the stress development.
7.
Once the animation begins, click the leftmost toggle to visual options.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Click none.
5.
6.
Select the view panel from the permanent menu and select iso 1 from the pop-up menu.
The elements displayed on the screen are the slave elements that are involved in the
contact. To view the contact results, the underlying element faces must be visible. The
following steps show all of the elements connected to these slave element faces.
7.
8.
9.
10. Click the switch under attached to: and select elems.
11. Click elems under attached to: and select displayed from the extended entity selection
menu.
12. Click find.
13. Click return to exit the panel.
To post-process contact results:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click the second switch down, which should be set to model units, and choose undeformed
from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click contour.
At this point, an error message is displayed in the message bar that states:
Some node results were not found (ignored).
When ABAQUS reports contact results, it only reports values for the nodes directly on the
slave surface. Therefore, the nodes on the other end of the displayed solid elements dont
have any contact results reported from ABAQUS. HyperMesh recognizes that there are no
values at those nodes and reports an error message to warn you that they may be missing
results. Also notice that the contact pressure is high on the corners of the slave surface, but
is zero in the middle where no contact is occurring.
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Updating Elements
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering
Updating Elements
In this tutorial, make the existing element types ANSYS-compatible elements.
To retrieve the file for this tutorial:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select the hm-ansys.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
5.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
hm-ansys.hm file.
6.
Click retrieve.
7.
2.
3.
4.
Click return.
To update elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click elems and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
8.
Click update.
9.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
6.
Click edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
7.
Select kopt3_FLAG.
8.
9.
Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the card panel.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click load/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
7.
Select kopt3_FLAG.
8.
9.
Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
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16. Click the data entry field under kopt2 and enter 1.
17. Select kopt4_FLAG.
18. Click the data entry field under kopt4 and enter 0.
19. Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
20. Double click name = and select LINK.
21. Click card image = and select LINK1.
22. Click load/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
23. Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
24. Click return to access the main menu.
To create a property collector for mass elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MASS21p from the pop-up menu.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
8.
9.
Click the data entry field under R and enter 100 for the mass of the MASS elements.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
7.
8.
Click the data entry field under R and enter 0. Use the TAB key to enter the following values
in the remaining data entry fields: 2 E 05, 0, and 0.
9.
Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
HyperMesh goes to the card image panel.
7.
8.
Click the data entry field under R and enter 10 for the cross sectional area of the link
elements.
9.
Click return.
HyperMesh returns to the collectors panel.
2.
3.
Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click config = and select mass from the extended entity selection menu.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
Select property.
9.
Click update.
2.
3.
Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click config = and select gap from the extended entity selection menu.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
Select property.
9.
Click update.
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2.
3.
Click elems and select by config from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click config = and select rod from the extended entity selection menu.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click loads and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click update.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click write.
5.
Click return.
6.
2.
3.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click options = and enter the platform on which the ANSYS analysis was performed and
enter other options as needed. For more information, see Results Translation in the External
Interfacing on-line help.
6.
Click solve.
7.
To specify the HyperMesh results file, click results file = on the global panel and select hmansys.hmres.
Altair Engineering
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
Click create/edit.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Youngs and enter 2.1E5.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Poissons and enter 0.3
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
Click create/edit.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath C10 and enter 0.8.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath C01 and enter 0.2
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
Click review.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click update.
7.
8.
Click update.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click load/edit.
7.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EGEOM(1) and enter 1.0.
8.
9.
2.
3.
Click comps and select RUBBER from the list of component collectors.
4.
5.
Click edit to view or edit the GEOMETRY model definition card image.
6.
7.
Note:
You can also define a GEOMETRY model definition card during the creation of a
component collector.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
5.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
9.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath MaxEnt and enter 500.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create/edit.
9.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath BodyID and enter 1.
Altair Engineering
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
5.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
9.
3.
4.
5.
Click summary.
Notice that three vectors appear on the rigid body, which define the normal vector direction of
the rigid body following a right handed rule. For the correct contact definition in MARC, these
vectors have to point into the rigid body.
Click return.
6.
3.
4.
5.
Click summary.
Notice that the reverse_normals.sum template only works correct for a single displayed
rigid body. If there is more than one rigid body in your model, mask the others and execute
the template only for the displayed rigid body. You have to repeat the steps above for all
desired rigid bodies.
6.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Deactivate the check boxes next to dof3, dof4, dof5 and dof6.
7.
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8.
Click points on the screen to create the pick window shown in the picture below.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click create.
7.
Altair Engineering
To edit the loadstep card image and define a MODEL DEFINITION DATA load and
constraint block (ZERO INCREMENT):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate MODEL DEFINITION CARDS:
Select Initial from the option list.
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NrSets and enter 2.
Notice that two SETS of contact table entries appear.
7.
8.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click create.
7.
To edit the loadstep card image and define a HISTORY DEFINITION DATA load and
constraint block (LOADCASE):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 60.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 0.017.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath NrSets2 and enter 1.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath ID(1) and enter 2.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Velx(1) and enter -8.5.
7.
8.
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2.
3.
4.
Click title.
Edit the card image section and enter 2d contact example beneath the title field.
Click print .
Edit the card image section and enter 5 beneath the print field.
Click setname.
Edit the card image section and enter 50 beneath the UpBound field.
Click post.
Edit the card image section and enter 1 beneath the nrvar field.
Edit the card image section and enter 6 beneath the style field.
Edit the card image section and enter 47 beneath the code field.
Edit the card image section and enter equiv. Cauchy Stress beneath the label field.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Select TEMPLATE.
6.
7.
Click write.
8.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
6.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the MARC solver using the demo_2d.dat file that was
written from HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering
Click return.
2.
3.
Read the input deck that was used to run the MARC job or the input deck supplied in the
Tutorials directory:
Select the import subpanel.
4.
Double-click filename = and choose demo_2d.dat if you ran your own solver program,
or marc2d_tutorial.dat, if you want to use the supplied file.
Select EXTERNAL.
Click import.
5.
Double-click file = and choose demo_2d.hmres if you ran your own solver program, or
marc2d_tutorial.hmres if you want to use the supplied file.
Altair Engineering
3.
4.
Click the leftmost switch and select scale factor from the pop-up menu.
5.
6.
Click contour.
7.
8.
Click assign.
The default location for MARC to output stress values is at the Integration Points. The
hmmarc program takes these values and averages them to the centroid of each element.
Therefore, the most accurate representation of the stress values as they were reported from
MARC can be found with an assigned plot.
Click return to exit the panel.
9.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click transient.
HyperMesh calculates seven frames of animation showing the displacement and equivalent
Cauchy Stress for each increment. In a non-linear analysis, this type of animation is
necessary to view the history of the stress development.
Once the animation begins, click the leftmost toggle to visual options.
8.
9.
3.
4.
Click contour.
Notice that the Hypermesh results translator hmmarc in the present form can only handle
results files of the MARC Version K6. Also, the displacements of rigid bodies are not
transferred correctly in this version.
Altair Engineering
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator for assistance.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click retrieve.
2.
2.
3.
Click the switch under creation method: and select card image.
Click create/edit.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate material model cards:
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Youngs and enter 7.0E4.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath Poissons and enter 0.33.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EqTYS and enter 200.0.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nrEq and enter 5.
In the card image section of the menu, click the table entries beneath EqStress and
EqPlStrain and enter the following values:
EqStress
4.
EqPlStrain
200
0.00
210
0.15
240
0.70
245
1.25
248
2.00
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click update.
8.
9.
Click update.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click load/edit.
7.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath EGEOM(2) and enter 1.0.
8.
2.
3.
Click comps and select test_specimen from the list of component collectors.
4.
5.
Click edit to view or edit the GEOMETRY model definition card image.
6.
7.
Note:
You can also define a GEOMETRY model definition card during the creation of a
component collector.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Deactivate the check boxes next to dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6.
7.
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8.
Click points on the screen to create the pick window shown in the picture below.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
8.
9.
Click create.
Altair Engineering
To create the MODEL DEFINITION Block constraints on the load plane and assign them to
the move_zero load collector:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Deactivate the check boxes next to dof4, dof5 and dof6.
11. Click nodes and select by window from the pop-up menu.
12. Click points on the screen to create the pick window shown in the picture below.
Altair Engineering
To create the constraints for the 1 HISTORY block on the load plane and assign them to
the move_history1 load collector:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
To create the constraints for the 2 HISTORY block on the load plane and assign them to
the move_history2 load collector:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
To create the constraints for the 3 HISTORY block on the load plane and assign them to
the move_history3 load collector:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
9.
Altair Engineering
To assign the appropriate load collectors to the loadstep defining the MARC MODEL
DEFINITION DATA block:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click loadcols and select the load collectors symmetry and move_zero.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click create.
7.
To edit the loadstep card image and define a MODEL DEFINITION DATA load and
constraint block (ZERO INCREMENT):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate MODEL DEFINITION CARDS:
-
7.
8.
To assign the appropriate load collectors to the loadsteps defining the MARC HISTORY
Definition DATA blocks:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click loadcols and select the load collector symmetry and move_history1.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click create.
7.
8.
Click loadcols and select the load collector symmetry and move_history2.
9.
Click select.
Altair Engineering
To edit the history1 loadstep card image and define a load and constraint block
(LOADCASE_1):
1. Select the card panel on the permanent menu.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
Select CONTROL in the option list.
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath chk1 and enter 0.05.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 1.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 2.
7.
8.
To edit the history2 loadstep card image and define a load and constraint block
(LOADCASE_2):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 60.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 0.1.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering
To edit the history3 loadstep card image and define a load and constraint block
(LOADCASE_3):
1. Select the card panel on the permanent menu.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Edit the card image to add the appropriate HISTORY DEFINITION CARDS:
Select AUTOLOAD_TIMESTEP from the option list.
-
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath nitems and enter 46.
In the card image section of the menu, click the field beneath timeinc and enter 2.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click title.
Edit the card image section and enter 3d contact example beneath the title field.
Click plasticity.
Edit the card image section and enter 3 beneath the form field.
Click solver.
Edit the card image section and enter 4 beneath the typ field.
Click optimize.
Edit the card image section and enter 10 beneath the typ field.
Click post.
Edit the card image section and enter 2 beneath the nrvar field.
Edit the card image section and enter 6 beneath the style field.
Edit the card image section and enter 17 beneath the first code field.
Edit the card image section and enter v. Mises Stress beneath the label field.
Edit the card image section and enter 7 beneath the second code field.
Edit the card image section and enter Total equiv. pl. Strain beneath the label field.
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2.
3.
4.
Click filename = and enter the name demo_3d.dat for the input deck.
5.
Select TEMPLATE.
6.
7.
Click write.
8.
2.
3.
4.
Click save.
5.
6.
After you quit HyperMesh you can run the MARC solver using the demo_3d.dat file that was
written from HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering
Click return.
2.
3.
Read the input deck that was used to run the MARC job or the input deck supplied in the
tutorials directory:
4.
5.
Double-click filename = and choose demo_3d.dat if you ran your own solver program,
or marc3d_tutorial.dat if you want to use the supplied file.
Select EXTERNAL.
Click import.
Double-click results file = and choose demo_3d.hmres if you ran your own solver
program, or marc3d_tutorial.hmres if you want to use the supplied file.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click the leftmost switch and select scale factor from the pop-up menu.
5.
6.
Click contour.
7.
8.
Click assign.
The default location for MARC to output stress values is at the Integration Points. The
hmmarc program takes these values and averages them to the centroid of each element.
Therefore, the most accurate representation of the stress values as they were reported from
MARC can be found with an assigned plot.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click transient.
HyperMesh calculates seven frames of animation showing the Displacements and v. Mises
Stress for each increment. In a non-linear analysis, this type of animation is necessary to
view the history of the stress development.
7.
Once the animation begins, click the leftmost toggle to visual options.
8.
9.
Altair Engineering
Creating joints.
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering
Nodes that penetrate far enough through the thickness of the opposing surface so that the
thicknesses do not overlap at the nodal location (left diagram in above figure).
Nodes that lie exactly normal to nodes on the opposing contact surface (right diagram in
above figure). Some of the nodes in the right diagram will be detected, however some of the
nodes will not be detected.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click select.
The minimum distance between the two surfaces of elements in this group is 3.00, and the
thickness of each component is 9.00.
4.
Click check.
All of the nodes that fail the penetration check are marked as temporary nodes, and the
penetration adjustment panel is displayed.
Altair Engineering
Fixing Penetrations
After a penetration check is completed, the penetration check adjustment subpanel is
displayed.
NOTE
The penetration check adjustment panel can only be accessed after completing a penetration check
in the penetration panel.
The thickness value you enter in the penetration check adjustment subpanel specifies the
element thickness adjustment required to eliminate the penetration. The value in the thickness
number field can be set to scale or reduction. When you click recheck, it recalculates the
penetration by either scaling or by reducing the element thickness by the specified value. The
amount of penetration calculated when you use the recheck function is based on the following
formulas:
for scale:
scale * (Ta/2 + Tb/2) d = P
for reduction:
(Ta/2 + Tb/2) d reduction = P
The display mode can be set to temp nodes, vectors, or contour. The temp nodes mode
displays yellow temporary nodes at all node locations that failed the penetration check. The
vectors mode displays vectors in the direction and magnitude required to fix each penetrating
node. You can alternate the vector display between uniform size or magnitude %. The contour
mode displays a contour plot from zero to the maximum penetration.
The save penetrated option allows you to save the location of the penetration areas as well as
the magnitude and direction of the vectors required to fix the penetration areas. The saved
entities can be used in other HyperMesh panels to fix the penetration (see exercise two). The
save penetrated function creates a ^vectors collector that contains the saved vectors. The
^vectors collector can be turned on and off by using the display panel.
The adjust function allows you to quickly fix penetrations by moving only the nodes that failed the
penetration check. When you click adjust, the penetrated nodes move in the direction and
magnitude of the vectors in the vectors display mode. Additional use of the adjust function
continues to translate the nodes in the same direction and magnitude. You must use this function
with discretion because the adjust function deforms the original model at the points of
penetration (shown in the next exercise).
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Use reject to undo any modifications and remain in the penetration check adjustment
panel
Use abort to undo any modifications and return to the penetration panel
Use return to accept the modifications and return to the penetration panel
The penetration checking calculation does not take into account the direction of the contact
normals. Nodes are marked as failed regardless of the direction the contact normals are pointing.
However, the computed direction and magnitude of the penetration does take into account the
direction of the contact normals. When the segment orientation option is on, the penetration
check takes into consideration the directions of contact normals when it calculates the amount of
penetration (first illustration below). The returned values represent the actual nodal penetration.
When the segment orientation option is off (second figure below), the penetration check does
not take into account the directions of element normals. Instead, the check calculates the amount
of penetration as the shortest distance required to move nodes so they do not lie within the region
defined as the element thicknesses. The returned values are the mathematical absolute amount
of nodal penetration. It is recommended that you leave the segment orientation option active
unless all the vectors in the vector display mode are pointing in the opposite direction needed to
fix the penetration.
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Once the amount of penetration is determined, the value is used to calculate the vector directions
and magnitudes required to fix the penetrating nodes. Surface to Surface and Single Surface
contacts create vector magnitudes equal to P/2 (the total penetration divided by 2). Node to
Surface contacts define vector magnitudes equal to P because only slave nodes are adjusted.
One method you can use to fix penetration areas is to use the translate panel to move the
elements the distance necessary to correct the penentration.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Click uniform size = and enter 50.000 to make the vectors easier to view.
The vectors show the direction and magnitude required to fix the penetrations. The
calculated value for P is 6.00, so moving each surface in this surface to surface contact by
P/2=3.00, will fix the penetration problem.
5.
Click the switch under save penetrated and select nodes & vect.
6.
Click save penetrated to place the failed nodes in the user mark and to create vectors at all
the failed nodes. The vectors are placed in a ^vector collector that can be turned on and
off in the display panel. The vectors are created in the direction and magnitude required to
fix the penetration. They are located in the vectorcols subpage.
7.
Click return.
8.
9.
Click select.
10. Click the plane and vector collector switch and select vector.
11. Pick one of the vectors that point in the positive x direction.
12. Click magnitude = and enter 3.000
13. Click translate +.
14. Click reset to clear the selected entities.
15. Select all of the elements in the fl2, light blue component.
-
Click select.
2.
3.
Click vectorcols.
4.
Select ^vector.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click delete.
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Another method you can use to fix penetration areas is to use the adjust function in the
penetration check adjustment panel.
To fix penetration areas by using adjust:
1.
2.
Click groups.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click check.
6.
7.
8.
Pick one element on the screen to see the nodal penetration values associated to that
element.
9.
Click the left mouse button to turn off the penetration value display.
10. Click the switch under displayed mode and select vectors.
11. Click magnitude % = and enter 2000.
12. Click view in the permanent menu and select top.
Notice that the lengths of the vectors are dependent on the amount of penetration and are
pointing in the wrong direction.
13. Deactivate the segment orientation check box.
HyperMesh ignores which direction is normal to the contact.
14. Click adjust.
NOTE
The adjust function is an easy way to fix penetrations. However, using the adjust
function deforms your model at the areas of penetration, as is apparent when this
exercise is complete.
The pene-dyna.hm file contains other model components that may be useful for
trying the penetration checking/adjusting functions. These examples are not included
in the tutorial but are available for more practice. Use the display panel to view the
other collectors in the model.
Altair Engineering
Creating Joints
Joint definitions are created in the joints panel on the 1D page. HyperMesh 4.0 supports the
following standard joint types: Spherical, Revolute, Cylindrical, Planar, Universal, Translational,
and Locking. All of these types are stored as joint elements in the HyperMesh database.
HyperMesh also supports LS-DYNA3Ds *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_OPTION (Card
38) property to define friction, damping, stop angles, etc. The LS-DYNA3D solver interface
supports the creation of joints in the joints panel. The PAMCRASH solver interface currently
supports the creation of joints as rod elements (see the PAMCRASH tutorial).
NOTE
A spherical joint consists of two coincident nodes. During analysis, the two
coincident nodes are forced to remain coincident but the bodies attached to
each coincident node are allowed to rotate freely about the joint location.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
2.
Select the blue torus, orange torus, and New Joint collectors.
3.
4.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Left click once on a node in the center of both tori to bring up the coincident node picking
window (see figure below).
There are two nodes in the window, node 598 and node 1.
5.
While holding down the left mouse button, drag the cursor over the node labeled 598.
The blue rigid body attached to this node is highlighted.
6.
7.
Repeat the last three steps, but select node 1 from the coincident node picking window
instead of node 598.
8.
2.
Select the bearing, shaft, bearing rigids, shaft rigids, and New Joint collectors.
3.
4.
Click return.
2.
3.
Left click once on a node at the center of one of the rigid link elements to bring up the
coincident node picking window (see figure below).
4.
5.
Click at the same node location again and select the node attached to the orange rigid link
element.
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6.
7.
Repeat the previous three steps on the opposing pair of blue and orange rigid link elements
(see figure below).
Click create.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
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Dummy positioning
Seatbelt routing
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Dummy positioning
The dummy panel is located under the safety panel module. The dummy panel is used to
position any dummy model that contains a component hierarchy (a.k.a. tree structure) defined in
HyperMesh . The dynakey and pamcrash import translators can build the tree structure
automatically when importing supported dummy model files.
H-Point subpanel
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click retrieve.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Turn off all entities except components and set the component display to shaded only:
1.
Click on the only comps macro button found in the Display: group to turn off all entities
except for components.
2.
Under the Display: macro button group, click on the per button next to gfx to turn on
performance graphics.
3.
Under the vis panel, click on the shaded only icon, then the all button.
4.
5.
Enter the dummy panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
6.
7.
8.
Under position: type 1.280, 0.350, and 0.284 in the x=, y=, and z= number fields
respectivly. The tab key can be used to cycle through the number fields.
9.
10. Under rotate+ set the N1, N2, N3 vector selection to y-axis and set increment = 24.00.
11. Click rotate- to set the rotation angle about the y-axis to 24.00 degrees.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Select any element in the lower left leg. HyperMesh follows the model hierarchy up to the
previous joint in the knee and down to the end of the hierarchy through the foot.
4.
Click the <, decrement, next to yrot row five times to change the rotation of the left knee to
25.0 degrees.
5.
Select any element in the lower right leg and click the <, decrement, next to yrot row five
times to change the rotation of the right knee to 25.0 degrees.
6.
Repeat this exercise to set the shoulders yrot to 40.0, elbows yrot to 65.0, and wrists
xrot to +/-10.0.
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Seatbelt Routing
The seatbelt panel is located under the safety panel module. The seatbelt panel can be used to
create straight seatbelt segments as well as seatbelt segments that wrap around a dummys torso
or lap. The seatbelt panel also allows users to create 1D seatbelts or a combination of 1D and 2D
seatbelts.
Seatbelts panel
2.
Retrieve the seatbelt.hm file from the /altair/tutorials/hm/ directory (or skip this
step and continue with the Dummy Positioning tutorial).
Click retrieve.
Under the Display: macro button group, click on the per button next to gfx to turn on
performance graphics
3.
Enter the seatbelt panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
4.
Select the view button on the permanent menu on the right side of the menu panels and
select the restore2 button.
5.
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the yellow retractor element
(see figure).
6.
Select the upper, red slipring for the to node selection box (see figure).
7.
8.
Click mesh. When components for the wrap around: selection have not been specified,
HyperMesh creates straight belt segments between the from node and two node nodes.
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Seatbelt 1
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the upper, red slipring element
(see figure).
2.
Select the lower, red slipring element for the to node selection box (see figure).
3.
Activate the comps selection box and select the components that compose the chest area.
Click on the comps entity selection box twice to bring up the component list panel.
Click on the comps entity selection box in the component list panel to bring up the entity
selection window.
4.
Click orient to create the belt line and enter belt orientation mode.
5.
Move the mouse into the GUI area. While holding down the left mouse button, drag the
mouse cursor up and down to rotate the belt line about its endpoints.
6.
When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to create 1D elements along the belt line.
7.
If a combination of 1D and 2D elements is desired. Click reject and set the 1D toggle to
1D/2D. Seat belt width to the desired belt width around the 2D mesh. Set end length to
distance between the slipring and the start of the 2D elements along the belt line. The 1D
and 2D element placement fields are used to set separate current collectors for the two
different types of elements. Additional collectors can be created by hitting F-11 to jump to the
collectors panel within the seatbelts panel.
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Seatbelt 2
Activate the yellow from node entity selection box and select the lower, red slipring element
(see figure).
2.
Select the constraint on the floor for the to node selection box (see figure).
3.
Activate the comps selection box and select the components that compose the lap.
Click on the comps entity selection box twice to bring up the component list panel.
Click on the comps entity selection box in the component list panel to bring up the entity
selection window.
4.
Click orient to create the belt line and enter belt orientation mode.
5.
Move the mouse into the GUI area. While holding down the left mouse button, drag the
mouse cursor up and down to rotate the belt line about its endpoints.
6.
When the belt is properly oriented, click mesh to create 1D elements along the belt line.
7.
If a combination of 1D and 2D elements is desired. Click reject and set the 1D toggle to
1D/2D. Set belt width to the desired belt width around the 2D mesh. Set end length to
distance between the slipring and the start of the 2D elements along the belt line. The 1D
and 2D element placement fields are used to set separate current collectors for the two
different types of elements. Additional collectors can be created by hitting F-11 to jump to the
collectors panel within the seatbelts panel.
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Seatbelt 3
Click return twice to leave the seatbelt panel and then the safety panel.
2.
Enter the detach panel from either the 1D, 2D, or 3D pages.
3.
4.
Click on the elems entity selection box to bring up the entity selection window.
Click detach.
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2.
Retrieve the seatbelt.hm file from the /altair/tutorials/hm/ directory (or skip this step and
continue with the Seatbelt Routing tutorial):
Click retrieve.
Under the Display: macro button group, click on the per button
on performance graphics
Under the vis panel, click on the shaded only icon, then the all button.
3.
Enter the control vol panel from the safety panel on the tool page.
4.
Select the view button on the blue permanent menu on the right side of the menu panels and
select the restore2 button.
5.
Click review.
6.
Select cv1 from the control volume list to display this control volumes design state in the
HyperMesh GUI window.
7.
Click return to leave the control vol panel. The display of the control volume will be set
back to its initial state.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
Click retrieve.
5.
Click return.
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2.
3.
Click return.
2.
Click Title Card and enter the title string, This is my first LS-DYNA example.
3.
Click return.
Click Termination.
2.
Click the data entry field under ENDTIM and enter 1.0.
3.
Click return.
4.
Click next.
5.
6.
Click the data entry field under DT, and enter 0.1.
7.
Click return.
8.
9.
Click the data entry field that appears under the text.
Enter .1
This sets the output interval for cross-section-, rigid-wall, nodal time history-, global statisticand material output.
10. Click return.
11. Click return.
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Define Materials
NOTE
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
Click the data entry field under RHO and enter 7.85e-6.
9.
Click the data entry field under Comment and enter This is the side material.
2
10. Click the data entry field under E and enter 210 (in kN/mm ).
11. Click the data entry field under NU and enter 0.3.
12. Click SIGY, click the data entry field, and enter 0.37 to define the yield stress .
13. Click the button under array count and select 3.
This means that we are defining a stress-strain curve with 3 points points (yield stress values
- corresponding effective plastic strain value).
14. Type the following pairs for strain (in EPS(i)) and stress (in ES(i)) : (0.0; 0.37), (0.02; 0.39),
(0.04; 0.45).
15. Click return.
16. Click return.
To define a second steel Material Type 24 using loadcurves for the nonlinear behavior:
It is necessary to define the loadcurve first. After it is defined, it is possible to choose this
loadcurve in the material definition instead of using the method described in the first section.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click return.
Altair Engineering
To create a curve:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click x= and enter {0.0,0.02,0.04} (including the brackets) as the value for the plastic
strain.
5.
Click y= and enter {0.37,0.39,0.45} (including the brackets) as the value for the effective
stress.
6.
Click create.
7.
Click return.
8.
Click exit.
NOTE: Once a loadcurve is defined, it can be used for the stress-strain behavior of a
material, as a load vs. time function, force-deflection function, or others.
2.
3.
4.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
5.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
Click Rho, click the data entry field, and enter 7.85e-6.
9.
Click the data entry field under E and enter 210 (in kN/mm ).
10. Click the data entry field under NU and enter 0.3.
11. Click the data entry field under SIGY and enter 0.37 to define the yield stress .
12. Double-click LCSS and pick curve1.
13. Double-click LCSR and pick curve1.
14. Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
Click create/edit.
8.
Select NIP, click the data entry field, and enter 3. (This is the number of integration points
through the thickness.)
9.
Click the data entry field under T1 and enter 1 (shell thickness).
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
Click NIP, click the data entry field, and enter 3 for the number of integration points through
the thickness.
8.
Click the data entry field below T1 and enter 2.5 (shell thickness).
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create/edit.
9.
10. Click the data entry field under Comment and enter Elements on top and bottom of
the rail.
The number below ELFORM should be the same as in the ShellSectionProperty definition,
which is depicted below the comment. If it is not, change the value.
If necessary use the arrow buttons on the left side to scroll the screen
11. Click return.
12. Click return.
In the next steps, combine the elements with material and cross section data.
To reorganize the elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select by collector.
5.
6.
Click select.
7.
8.
Click move.
All elements that were previously in the tmp component are moved to the topbottom
component.
9.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
Click the yellow entry comps, select side and click select.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
8.
Click create/edit.
9.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click update.
6.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
8.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the switch under creation method and select card image.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click create/edit.
Click in the data entry field under FRIC and enter 0.3 for the friction coefficient.
2.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click base node, and then pick the node you just created in the graphics area.
You may need to click f in the permanent menu to see the node.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
Enter 1-21 after id = and press the ENTER key on the keyboard.
5.
Delete the previous selection and enter node 1012 as input and press the ENTER key on the
keyboard.
6.
Click add.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click update.
2.
Click edit.
3.
4.
Click return.
5.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click return.
Click none.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
The constraints are now added to all nodes.
9.
Click return.
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Click none.
2.
3.
4.
Make sure that nodes is the entity type, if not, use the toggle button to switch.
5.
6.
Click create.
The Time History for nodes is now created.
2.
3.
4.
Click create.
Click review.
2.
Select elemth.
The entities associated with this time history are now highlighted.
3.
2.
3.
Click elemth.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
The time history card is displayed as it will look in the output.
6.
Click return.
7.
Click return.
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2.
Make sure that elems is depicted in the yellow area, if not use the toggle button to switch.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
7.
8.
Use the toggle button below master: to select the selection type sets.
9.
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2.
3.
Make sure that the template = field still shows the dyna.key file.
4.
Click filename = once, and enter the name of the LS-DYNA file you will create: rail.bdf
5.
Click write.
HyperMesh writes the deck, and it displays a message once it is complete.
6.
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Creating a Function
All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
4.
Select the rail-dyna.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the raildyna.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
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2.
3.
Select the general template, located in the HyperMesh installation directory under
/pamcrash/general/.
HyperMesh returns to the global panel. Note that template file = now displays the location
of the general template.
4.
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The settings of the control cards influence the default values for defining materials.
No PAM-CRASH deck can be executed without error if the control card CTRL is
undefined.
2.
3.
Click return.
Click Control.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the box below MORE and select 1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click return.
2.
3.
Click return.
Click next.
2.
3.
Click the switch below Shell Criteria and set LARGE (default) from the pop-up menu.
4.
Click the switch below Thickness Term and set BEND (default) from the pop-up menu.
5.
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2.
3.
Click elems and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click update.
5.
2.
Click the upper left switch and select elems from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Altair Engineering
The material collector is not used in the PAM-CRASH interface. PAM-CRASH does
not differentiate between material data and cross section data as other solvers do.
Consequently, elements have no reference to materials, which only belong to a
component. The material definition for the elements is included with this component.
Elements are located in a component (beam, bar, joint, shell). The template takes the component
ID as material ID. The card image type of the collector defines the material as 1-D material, 2-D
material, or 3-D material.
To define a Material Type 102 for collector side:
1.
2.
3.
To set the collector type, click the switch and select comps from the pop-up window.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MAT_2D from the pop-up menu.
NOTE
The template provides MAT_1D, MAT_2D, and MAT_3D dictionaries. Material types
from 200 to 230 are defined with MAT_1D. Materials types from 100 to 151 are
defined with MAT_2D. Material types from 1 to 41 are defined with MAT_3D. To
switch the material type, use the card previewer.
6.
Click load/edit.
7.
Click the switch below Material Type and select Type 102 from the pop-up menu.
NOTE
8.
NOTE
9.
Only the materials of the current dictionary (1-D, 2-D, 3-D) can be selected. The ID of
the material is given by HyperMesh with the component ID.
You can use the TAB or SHIFT TAB key on the keyboard to go to the next or
previous edit field.
Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Click the switch below creation method: and select same as from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
All attributes of the card image from the side material are automatically copied into the
current component.
7.
8.
9.
Select LARGE_FMT.
NOTE
The card previewer of the components allows you to change between the MAT and
the large material format MATER.
The created component topbottom now is empty. We will now move the elements
of the component tmp into the component topbottom.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click elems and select by collector from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Select tmp.
5.
Click select.
6.
7.
Click move.
All elements of the component tmp are moved to the component topbottom. Note that the
color of the elements has changed from orange to green.
8.
Click return.
2.
Click the switch and select comps from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
4.
Click return.
5.
6.
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2.
3.
4.
NOTE
It is possible to define various types of sliding interfaces. All of them, except the
SLINT42, are written as a SLINT / card. The SLINT42 type is written as the PAM 98
SLINT2/ card.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
8.
Select Comment.
9.
2.
3.
Click the switch below slave: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click return.
6.
Click update.
If update is not clicked, no changes to the previous definition are made. No changes are
made to the graphics window, because the master and slave component list is not displayed.
NOTE
7.
If you edit this interface with the card previewer, the master and slave set and
component definition are not shown; however, they are still defined in the add
subpanel.
Altair Engineering
The procedure below explains how to define a type 34 master slave (element - node) contact.
To define the group:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
8.
Click return.
NOTE
The add subpanel now appears with different options. The template specifies what
group type is available with the different interfaces, such as SLINT26 or with
SLINT34. Possibilities are: (1) master and slave elements, (2) master elements and
slave nodes, (3) slave elements, and (4) slave nodes.
2.
Click the switch below master: and select entity from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click the switch below slave: and select entity from the pop-up menu.
4.
After master:, click elems to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
5.
6.
7.
After slave:, click nodes to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
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8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.
3.
4.
NOTE
You can switch between the PAM 97 RIGWA and the PAM 98 RWALL card by
choosing different types: RIGWA or RWALL.
5.
6.
7.
Click create.
2.
3.
Click the switch after shape: and select plane from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click the switch below normal vector: and select x-axis from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click base node to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
7.
8.
Click update.
The rigid wall is now shown in the graphics area.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click the switch below slaves: and choose nodes from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click nodes twice and select by id from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
5.
6.
Click add.
The selected nodes are now set as slaves.
2.
Click the switch below name = and select components from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
Click the switch below type of motion: and select velocity from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click update.
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Click the switch and select groups from the extended entity selection menu.
3.
4.
Click return.
5.
Click edit.
6.
Click the switch below Friction type flag and select no sliding from the pop-up menu.
7.
Click the switch below Rigid Wall Descriptor Plane Type and select Type 4 from the popup menu.
NOTE :The card previewer of the rigid wall changed according to the definitions made. Now
it is possible to define the mass and the initial velocity for moving rigid wall with finite mass.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
Click the switch after collector type: and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click the switch below creation method: and select card image from the pop-up menu.
The card image field should be blank.
6.
7.
Click create.
8.
2.
3.
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2.
Click the upper right switch and select groups from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click none.
The display of groups is now off.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
Click the upper right switch and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click none.
The display of loads is now off.
4.
Click return.
5.
6.
7.
Click the switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
8.
9.
Click create.
The time history for nodes is now created.
2.
Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
Click create.
Click review.
2.
Select elem_thp.
The entities associated with this time history are highlighted.
3.
2.
Click the switch and select outputblocks from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click outputblocks.
4.
Select elem_thp.
5.
Click return.
6.
Click edit.
The time history card is displayed as it will look in the output.
7.
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Create a Function
This section describes how to generate curves, which corresponds to the function cards FUNCT
and LOCUR in PAM-CRASH. This curve should serve as a function for a logical sensor switching
on and off. At time=0, the sensor is on, at time=0.01 the sensor is switched off.
To create a curve:
1.
2.
Click plots.
3.
4.
5.
Click return.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Select math.
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2.
3.
4.
Click card image = and select SENSOR from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click create/edit.
6.
Select COMMENT.
7.
8.
Click the switch below Sensor type and select logical function switch from the pop-up
menu.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
Click write.
HM writes the deck. A message in the header bar will indicate when the process is
completed.
5.
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All files referenced in the HyperMesh tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation directory
under /tutorials/hm/.
If you do not know the location of the HyperWorks installation directory, contact your systems
administrator.
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2.
3.
4.
Select the rail_crash.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
/tutorials/hm/.
HyperMesh returns to the files panel. Note that file = now displays the location of the
rail_crash.hm file.
5.
Click retrieve.
6.
rail_crash.hm.
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2.
3.
Select the radioss31.fix template, located in the HyperMesh installation directory under
/radioss/radioss31.fix/.
HyperMesh returns to the global panel. Note that template file = now displays the location
of the radioss31.fix template.
4.
2.
3.
Click the switch after collector type: and select mats from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click card image = and select MLAW2 from the pop-up menu.
This is the RADIOSS material.
6.
Click load/edit.
7.
8.
9.
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2.
Click the switch after collector type: and select props from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
Click the switch below creation method: and select card image from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click card image = and select SectSHEL from the pop-up menu.
The RADIOSS property is now selected.
NOTE: It is not necessary to specify material in this panel when using the RADIOSS
template.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
8.
9.
To define components:
1.
2.
Click the switch after collector type: and select comps from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
Click card image = and select Part from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click load/edit.
NOTE: Although not a RADIOSS card, this allows you to control which property is associated
with a component. RADIOSS does not have a component concept such as HyperMesh, so
this card was created to bridge the gap. This card will not be output, but element data
associated with this component will reflect the MATNUM (material ID) and IPID (property ID)
shown here.
6.
7.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click interface color and select Color 9 from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click create/edit.
7.
Click the box below Itype and select 7 from the pop-up menu.
This defines RADIOSS interface type 7. You may also enter in other values pertaining to this
interface, but this example uses the default values.
NOTE: HyperMesh currently only allows surface input types 1 or 5 for RADIOSS.
8.
9.
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14. Click the switch below slave and select entity from the pop-up menu.
15. Click the lower elems box twice and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
16. Click the lower right add.
Slave interface elements are created on each structure element.
NOTE: Slave and master elements are added to all structure elements in order to define the
model for self contact.
17. Click return to access the main menu.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Click rgdwall color and select Color 13 from the pop-up menu.
6.
7.
Click create.
The rigid wall group is now created.
We will now define the rigid wall geometry.
8.
9.
10. Click the upper right switch and select plane from the pop-up menu.
11. Click the toggle and select infinite.
12. Click the switch below normal vector: and select x-axis from the pop-up menu.
13. Press F8 on the keyboard to select the create nodes panel.
14. Create a node at (900,0,0).
15. Click return to access the rigid walls panel.
16. Click base node to highlight the box with the blue input cursor.
17. Select the created node in the graphics area.
You may need to click f on the permanent menu to see the node.
18. Click update.
The rigid wall geometry is now created.
We will now add slave nodes for the rigid wall.
19. Select the add subpanel.
20. Click the switch below slaves and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
NOTE: Only nodes, sets, or all are supported for the RADIOSS template.
21. Click the yellow nodes box twice and select all from the extended entity selection menu.
22. Click add.
We will now edit the RADIOSS rigid wall card.
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Rigid wall.
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2.
3.
Click the switch after collector type: and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
6.
Click create.
NOTE: There are no card images associated with loadcols for the RADIOSS template.
7.
2.
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2.
Click the upper right switch and select groups from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click none.
The display of groups is now turned off.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click nodes and select by window from the extended entity selection menu.
9.
Use the mouse to draw a window around the nodes on the far left end of the rail.
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2.
Click the upper right switch and select loadcols from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click none.
The display of loads is now off.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click create.
The time history for nodes is now created.
2.
Click the switch and select elems from the pop-up menu.
3.
4.
Click create.
Click review.
2.
Select elemth.
The entities associated with this time history are now highlighted.
3.
2.
Click the switch and select outputblocks from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click outputblocks.
4.
Select elemth.
5.
Click select.
6.
Click edit.
The time history card is now displayed as it will look in the output.
7.
Altair Engineering
2.
Click HeaderCard.
3.
4.
Click return.
Repeat this procedure for any other cards you wish to update.
Click delete.
2.
Click disable.
2.
Click enable.
2.
Click TimeHistory_1.
2.
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2.
3.
4.
Click filename = and enter the name of the RADIOSS file you want to create.
5.
Click write.
HyperMesh writes the deck, and displays a message when it is complete.
6.
File export.
Altair Engineering
Converting a NASTRAN formatted data deck file into a DYTRAN data deck
Defining the file management, executive control, and case control sections
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2.
3.
Double-click translator =.
4.
5.
Double-click filename =.
6.
7.
Click import.
2.
3.
Double-click file =.
4.
5.
To apply the TLOAD1 load collector card image to load collectors containing forces,
moments, and pressures:
Note: Applying the TLOAD1 card images to load collectors containing SPCs will not cause a
problem. If a load collector referenced by a TLOAD1 card image contains only SPCs, the
TLOAD1 card will not be written out for that collector.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click load.
7.
8.
Click select.
9.
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Select the xy plots panel from the Post page on the main menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Double-click file =.
6.
7.
8.
Click comp =.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click select.
7.
Click edit.
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2.
3.
4.
Click return to save the changes and leave the TLOAD1 card image.
To change the FORCE load types to DAREA in the load types panel:
1.
Select the load types panel from the BCs page on the main menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click update.
7.
Click return.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To add the elements in the shell_elems collector to the slave surface of the group:
1.
2.
3.
2.
Click edit.
3.
Change field values on the CONTACT card by clicking on the yellow field header and
entering a new value.
4.
Click return to save the changes and exit the card image
5.
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Select output block from the BCs page on the main menu.
2.
Click name = button and enter shells to set the DYTRAN output results filename to shells for
the selected entities.
3.
Click the switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
6.
Click select.
7.
Click create.
To card edit the created output block to define the output request parameters for the shell
elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Select output block from the BCs page on the main menu.
2.
Click name = and enter grids to set the DYTRAN output results filename to nodes for the
selected entities.
3.
Click the switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click create.
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To card edit the created output block to define the output request parameters for the
nodes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click select.
5.
Click edit.
6.
7.
8.
9.
To use the cntl cards panel to set the TITLE, ENDTIME, ENDSTEP, SPC, and PARAM cards:
1.
Select cntl cards from the BCs page on the main menu.
2.
3.
4.
Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
5.
6.
Click the number field next to ENDTIME and enter a termination time.
7.
Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
8.
9.
10. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
11. Click the PARAM control card button.
12. Activate the check box next to INISTEP.
13. Activate the check box next to MINSTEP.
14. Click return to save the changes and exit the card editor.
15. Click return to exit the control cards panel.
The element and material properties were already set in the imported NASTRAN deck and
are retained when exporting the DYTRAN deck. The element and material properties can be
modified by card editing the shell_elems component and the steel material collectors,
respectively.
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Nastran
LS-Dyna
Ansys
To use the composites panel to assign the orientation angle, system or vector to the
element card:
1.
2.
To update all the elements to the correct element types for nastran:
1.
2.
3.
Note: For visualization purposes, HyperMesh projects the local x-axis of the selected system
onto the face of the shell elements. How each analysis code interprets this information varies.
To assign the material direction using the system ID:
1.
Select the elem orientation subpanel from the composites panel on the 2-D page.
2.
Indicate the elements that you want to assign material angles to.
3.
4.
Click the Element orientation method: switch and select by system ID.
5.
6.
Click color and select the display color of the review vectors or lines.
7.
Click size = and enter a value that specifies, in model units, how large the review vectors are
when displayed.
8.
Activate join lines if you want to display connected lines instead of review vectors to
represent 0-degree ply directions.
9.
Click assign.
To Undo:
1.
Note: The selected elements are re-assigned to the global coordinate system (id = 0) and the
panel is reset. This function assigns the ID of the coordinate system to the selected elements.
How each analysis code interprets this information varies. For visualization purposes,
HyperMesh projects the local x-axis of the selected system onto the face of the shell elements. If
you later modify the system, the element material directions change implicitly.
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2.
3.
Select the global coordinate system by vector under Element Orientation Method:
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click project.
8.
9.
Figure 1
Note: This function assigns a material angle to the selected elements, which is defined as the
angle between the node1-node2 direction and the projection of the selected local axis onto the
surface of the shell element. How each analysis code interprets this information varies. For
visualization purposes, HyperMesh projects the selected axis onto the face of the shell elements.
Any changes you subsequently make to the specified system have no effect on the elements.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Select the radial r vector from the spherical coordinate system in the center of the ball.
7.
Select the temp node at the center of the ball as the base.
8.
9.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click set.
7.
8.
Set the entity selector to elems by double clicking on an element in the model.
9.
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2.
3.
Pick the elements on your model or Click elems and use the extended entity selection
window.
4.
Click color and select the display color of the review vectors or lines.
5.
Click ply = field and enter the ply layer number that you wish to review.
6.
Click review.
Note: Any elements that do not have a ply angle assigned, display the 0-degree direction as the
ply angle. Ply directions are set through card images in solver templates.
Altair Engineering