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    Combustion and Fuels Final Exam

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    Combustion and Fuels Final Exam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    11 views14 pages

    2009 Exam MIE516

    Uploaded by

    Rashad Bryant
    Combustion and Fuels Final Exam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION, DECEMBER 2009 MIE 516: COMBUSTION AND FUELS Examiner: M.J. Thomson Examination Time: 2% hours Attempt all questions. You are allowed one sheet of notes. The value of the questions given in parentheses. Show your work Circle your answers. a (20%) Fora laminar premixed flame burning a stoichiometric gaseous ethanol (C2HsOH)-air mixture with an inlet reactant temperature of 400K and adiabatic flame temperature of 2185K. Assume complete combustion and use the fluid properties of air a) Estimate the mean reaction rate using the global one-step reaction rate. b) “Estimate the laminar flame speed. (20%) A gaseous methanol (CHsOH) non-premixed flame has a flame height of 10 em. Using non-reacting flame theory, estimate the length of a gaseous decane (CioH22) flame that has the same mass flow rate. Decane has a diffusivity that is 64% of the diffusivity of methanol, The fuel jet is at S00K and I atm (20%) Well stirred reactors can be used to approximate the combustion in a gas turbine engine. Consider propane (CsHs) in air at an equivalence ratio of 0.7. Inlet conditions are 300K and 10 atm. The reactor is adiabatic and operates at 10 atm. Calculate the reactor temperature when the outlet fuel mass fraction is 20% of the inlet fuel mass fraction. Neglect dissociation and the formation of H2 and CO. To simplify. for all species use a Cp = 1100 Wkg/K. (20%) A designer of a power plant wonders how long it will take for NO in the post flame region to reach 1% of its equilibrium value. To simplify. assume that the post flame region has a temperature of 1500K. a pressure of | atm and a vas composition of 76% Nz, 5% O2, 9% COs, 10% H20). a) Calculate this time. (Continued next page) Page 1 of 14 5. (20%) a) b) ©) 4) °) Data In our analysis of the laminar non-premixed flame height, we assumed that the flame is located at a particular condition of the flowfield. What is this condition? Unburned hydrocarbons are ofien present in the exhaust of a spark ignition engine (before the catalytic converter). What is the reason that this happens? Whether knock occurs in a spark ignition engine depends on the relative speed (or characteristic times) of two processes. Name these two times. Ina coal fired power plant, state a method to reduce fuel NOx without having to add exhaust gas treatment. During the derivation of the laminar non-premixed flame height, we were able to use the velocity field to calculate the fuel mass fraction field. To do this, two parameters in the conservation equations were assumed to be equal. What are these two parameters? Zeldovich Mechanism Ry.=1.8E8 exp(-38370/T) [Nz] [0] in molim3/s Molecular Weights MW of H MW of N= 14g/mol 32g/mol 16g/mol MW of C = 12 gimol MW of Cl = 35.5 g/mol MW of S = MW of O Constants Ideal gas law constant: R = 8.314 J/mol K Boltzmann's constant: k = 1.38 E-23 Jk Conversion Tatm = 1.015 Pa teal =4.184J No+O <> NO +N (1) N+Op<>NO+0 (2) N+OH@NO+H (3) Reaction 1 is the rate limiting step. It is very temperature sensitive due to its high activation energy ‘g/mol Page 2 of 14 APPENDIX ¢ SELECTED PROPERTIES OF AiR, NITROGEN, AND OxyGEN Table C1 Sulcedpropeits ofc ot 1 tnt | 7 fF . idea «© egies?) Cafe) @Nesfn?) (8) WIaeK) tls) me { 100 3.5562 1032, md 2.00 9.34 254 0.786 | i 2m tonne ase Sa tase mise ton as, iso it nor 2 Lge a8 ae 23 63 ono joo ties dom take see nso 300g aks me 29-00 wo Gm tos OTe 33 ta so am ton ak m2 ue i Soo tet ts aot aa Pr | 50 gsm domo crt so oss tasl as ema 169 a6as $0 05355 ns ms at oem Sm oasis, tons wha shots 1 oases ie om so oases dom 10 a9 ss a4) a8 mone . 9) tae yet @o ion 9 © dame tanga a isons vow oat eat ma ie one | hip o3eé BOT m3 a) tom rsa ta 163 ™ = amt i tbo tae Leeks 2 ae Oa oo aah aor 0 33 a wot iso tase a0 ar 0, 100 mo bats fee ch xe toe mt oo 654 Appendix C Teble C1 (continued) T ? oR ie IP at ashe) CIEE) lm’) Cas) C/K) wh) Pr fe 0900 eo eee soe eee sos iy ee ee ee 0131307 66382 sa a6T7 ora 133858 sis a7? ois aS aT 460867 ieee ree ite ness 01s 1a 166505198. mm a687 re er 90630 019 166s aR 8D Guns 265s a BST] “SOURCE: opr, FP, and Dei, .P. Fandomentl of Het ond Moss Trader, dE Repo by porison, 1990, John Wey Sons, ne to empirical global of global or quasi- sate one-step, two- ‘of hydrocarbons, aydrocarbon oxida. >ximations, if their sion (6] is suggested 2 6.) r oy ible 5.1, have been ind predicted flame that of Hautman et cy ca) ica) aca CH. aml, (53) 64) p(-2480), (5.5) 6.6) ie for each reaction yylene (CzH.) is the 1, CyHy and CoH the CsHy and CoHy not directly follow Oxidation of Higher Paraffins 137 qoble 5.1 Single-sep reaction rate parameter for we with Eqn. 5.2 [Adople from Rel ish aeeeee ‘Pre-exponential ‘Activation Temperature, ret acon #” yt «8 an 73-10" 235 “0313 i a 23-108 ‘S58 33 oh 1-108 oi tes i om 26.10" ots cate 24-108 ais 16 eat ass St: as 13 Sho aas 13 A610" 1s 73.102 15 4208 5 seco" 15 aa-t02 1s fart) 16 Zo-ig is 16-10! tas 20-108 Ms aoa 811s ass 65.108 “Unt of Ae colt th concern gn. 5.2 rd in ua fg, a, orn Ge esateovgnet E2 0teafonl a totclgnol Toble 5.2 Condon fr multistep globel mechanism for CyHna2 oxidation (7) Propane (w= 3) ” Bae eae 33 34 35 36 x na Mar 146 Bs leynjo 24962 Ble 20,131 ange a 050 090 10 ass 4 18 025 Le 037 030 056 “tia conon: TR: 960-1145; (sa amen? 110° Sug 008-20 110° 10% famalen?) 1-107 mutt ee a ee = = TOURS On¥eeL | BBL Senet seep ee wa ts5005 seczn = = ayes seo au s@ on070s = = eins ea sie wer — = tees caver ows corse - tee tee « sec ss'er 189 0, a9 wee Sseur nese tebe amet tee Lee Gate av6t1 xo outta mre ea Ee SE aver soy us ote teoore —Lav'st~ ss ort ovat Seo mo uet st ausese saeco ool se | eect ce sso | 8102) pipoe ue wet wore wie = oe teste aces = we = ‘tvone ese ee ROD UDO) uP) Exe) Greene Gomlen omind Come) er ew 1A a ae tayo 19 aunaindy au iyooy soy 0 JayOHy PU 9 uno | pu 151 968 624 Appendix A. Table A2 Carbon diane (COS), (tif) = ~393,546 44.017, enthalpy of formation @ 298 1 en hem — D 7 Copia eff esmakk) Ot 200 a0 ~395483 199876 394,26 | 298 a H393586 7137356 94a 300 6 Taos 23966 “9403 a 03 Tet? sas) “3ea8 500 e501 Tyan hess 384903 | 0 12599 Testu 230 “38506 m0 98 Tygon soa 88403 | eo zinta Tian asaas “asians x0 zon Teas 26860 “385.99 | 1000 sans =s96s9 269268 “385939 00 sss Tess 7aas “8m 200 waa “395083 79348396455 } 1500 S019 Tyssan ET 86n6 | 400 are Tysass 827 “396301 | 1500 siti Lisson eine aseasn S158 T9sa97 29590839689 TMs Tasso 259409 ite 100 79399 39632 Monee _a9ats 1900 5392 Taeeiset 306182 asec 200 91400 Tayoe 3092233860 2.100 aan Ss70ss 312179 “396.84 2200 103882 Tignass 31500 “396.6 2500 19.6% nisas 317344 4 200 15.98 gah 08s 396230 | BG 200 tee Tyon2ss ae _9e 2 | Be 200 aor Toso 25259 “sees a 2700 134284

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