CYME 7.0 Whats New Industrial and Transmission

CYME 7.
0 Industrial and Transmission
CYME 7.0
Industrial and Transmission
Power Engineering Software
New Features and Modules
New Features and Analysis Modules
CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Enhancements .............................................................. 5
1.1 Keywords Units ......................................................................................... 5
1.2 System Parameters .................................................................................... 5
1.3 Induction Motors ........................................................................................ 6
1.3.1
Locked Rotor Current Entry in p.u .......................................................... 6
1.3.2
Computation of the Power Factor .......................................................... 6
1.4 Transformer Loading (ANSI / IEC)................................................................... 6
1.5 Customer Types ........................................................................................ 7
Chapter 2 Load Flow Analysis .................................................................... 8
2.1 Tolerance on Impedances ............................................................................ 8
2.2 Include DC Network .................................................................................... 9
2.3 Line Charging ........................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3 Short Circuit Analysis ............................................................... 10
3.1 Tolerance on Impedances .......................................................................... 10
3.2 All Duty Type Analysis ............................................................................... 11
3.1 ANSI / IEC Report Enhancements................................................................. 12
3.1.1
Available reports ............................................................................ 12
3.1.1.1
ANSI & IEC Summary on all Buses ............................................................... 12
3.1.1.2
Fault Flow at a Bus ........................................................................................ 12
3.1.2
Sample Reports ............................................................................. 13
3.1.2.1
IEC Initial Duty Report ................................................................................... 13
3.1.2.2
IEC Peak Duty ............................................................................................... 14
3.1.2.3
ANSI Short Circuit Duties .............................................................................. 16
3.1.3
One Line Diagram Results ................................................................. 18
Chapter 4 Transient Stability Analysis...................................................... 19

4.1 Frequency by Zone .................................................................................. 19
4.1 Global Settings........................................................................................ 21
4.1 Over Current Relay .................................................................................. 23
4.1.1
General Settings ............................................................................ 23
4.1.2
Controlled Breakers ......................................................................... 24
4.1.3
TCC Settings ................................................................................. 25
Chapter 5 Motor Starting Analysis ............................................................ 26
5.1 Locked Rotor Analysis ............................................................................... 26
5.1.1
Analysis Settings ............................................................................ 26
5.1.2
Flicker Table Tab ............................................................................ 28
5.1.3
Locked Rotor Analysis Sample Output .................................................. 29
5.1.4
Display: Color by Voltage Level ........................................................... 30
5.2
Maximum Start Size Analysis ...................................................................... 31

3
5.2.1
5.2.2
Analysis Settings ............................................................................ 31

Running the Analysis and Viewing the Results......................................... 31
Chapter 6 DC Analysis .............................................................................. 33

6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 33
6.2 DC Equipment ........................................................................................ 33
6.2.1
DC Bus ........................................................................................ 33
6.2.2
DC Cable ..................................................................................... 34
6.2.3
DC Impedance ............................................................................... 34
6.2.4
DC Load ...................................................................................... 35
6.2.5
DC Motor ..................................................................................... 35
6.2.6
Protective Devices .......................................................................... 37
6.2.7
Charger ....................................................................................... 38
6.2.8
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) .................................................... 40
6.2.9
DC-DC Converter ........................................................................... 40
6.2.10
DC Battery.................................................................................... 41
6.2.10.1
Nominal Rating from Battery Data Sheet ...................................................... 42
6.2.10.2
Nominal Rating from Cell Data Sheet (IEEE 946 STD) ................................. 43
6.2.10.3
Station Battery Data ....................................................................................... 44
6.3 DC Load Flow Analysis .............................................................................. 46

6.3.1
Analysis Parameters ........................................................................ 47
6.3.2
Solving the Power Flow .................................................................... 48
6.3.3
Power Flow Reports ........................................................................ 49
6.4 DC Short Circuit ...................................................................................... 50
6.4.1
Analysis Parameters ........................................................................ 50
6.4.2
Solving the Sort Circuit ..................................................................... 51
6.4.3
Short Circuit Reports ....................................................................... 53
6.4.3.1
Summary on all bus report ............................................................................. 53
6.4.3.2
Fault a Bus report .......................................................................................... 54
6.5 Interface to AC System .............................................................................. 55

6.5.1
AC Power Flow .............................................................................. 55
6.5.2
Harmonic Analysis .......................................................................... 56
Chapter 7 CYMPROTEC ............................................................................. 59
7.1 New Features and Enhancements ................................................................ 59
7.1.1
Protective Device Analysis ................................................................ 59
7.1.2
TCC Library .................................................................................. 60
7.1.3
Device Settings Dialog Box ................................................................ 60
7.1.4
Live Preview Mode .......................................................................... 62
7.1.5
Device Reports .............................................................................. 62
7.1.6
General Enhancements .................................................................... 63
7.2 New Analysis Modules .............................................................................. 63
7.2.1
Sequence of operations .................................................................... 63
7.2.2
Minimum Fault Analysis .................................................................... 65
Chapter 1 General Enhancements

1.1
Keywords Units
Once a Keyword is created the associated

unit is displayed next to the key word in
order to avoid any erroneous errors on the
one line diagram display.
1.2
System Parameters
This now includes the KW tolerance for DC

Networks.
1.3
Induction Motors
1.3.1
Locked Rotor Current Entry in p.u
The locked rotor current of the motor in the

database settings can now be entered in p.u of
the rated current.
1.3.2
Computation of the Power Factor
The induction motor Power Factor

can now be estimated give the
loading factor of the motor.
1.4
Transformer Loading (ANSI / IEC)
In File Preferences Simulation

you now specify the Transformer loading
criteria on either ANSI or IEC standards.
ANSI Loading Criteria is

based on the Secondary
Side MVA.
IEC Loading Criteria is

based on the Transformer
Primary Side MVA.
1.5
Customer Types
The Customer Type

addition now includes
the option to include DC
load types.
Chapter 2 Load Flow Analysis

2.1
Tolerance on Impedances
CYMFLOW and CYMFAULT now include the capability to apply tolerances on Transformer, Line
and Cable lengths for maximum and minimum analysis.
These tolerances are either User Defined or as per IEC 60076 or IEEE C57.12 default values.
2.2
Include DC Network
The Charger and UPS are operating

as sources to the DC system drawing
power from the AC system.
The values of the Input Active and the
Reactive power to the Charger or
UPS are computed from the efficiency
and operating power factor specified
for each device
To include the results of the DC
system you need to access the
CYMFLOW analysis Controls menu
and
activate
the
option
in the AC load
flow analysis. You can also access
the DC Load Flow parameters with
the
2.3
button.
Line Charging
The option to include or not Line charging

effects in the power flow analysis is now
available. The default option is to include line
charging effects.
Chapter 3 Short Circuit Analysis

3.1
Tolerance on Impedances
CYMFAULT now include the capability to apply tolerances on Transformer and Synchronous
Generator Impedances, Line and Cable lengths for maximum and minimum analysis.
10
3.2
All Duty Type Analysis
Summary
short
circuit
analysis for all ANSI or IEC
duty types in a single run.
Display on the one line

diagram the summary of
results for any duty selected
via the Short Circuit monitor
for all fault types.
11
3.1
ANSI / IEC Report Enhancements
Reports layout for all ANSI or IEC duty types have been modified especially when faulting a
desired bus
3.1.1
Available reports
The Short Circuit Reports that the user can display on screen are now dependent on the type of
fault applied.
The following are examples of the reports available for IEC short circuit analysis.
3.1.1.1 ANSI & IEC Summary on all Buses
3.1.1.2 Fault Flow at a Bus

IEC Initial Duty
IEC Breaking, Peak and

Steady State
Note :
The Fault Flow reports at a bus for the initial current and system wide contributions and
voltage profiles are provided in detail. For all other duties fault level and first ring
contributions are provided along with the IEC multiplying factors for the initial current..
12
ANSI all Duty Types
3.1.2
Sample Reports
3.1.2.1
IEC Initial Duty Report
IEC Short-Circuit - Faulted Bus Summary
Parameters
Study Name
Coopr-Cyme-Variable-Frequency-Drive-Network-7.0.sxst
Date
Mon Feb 04 2013
Time
12h11m55s
Project Name
New
Faulted Bus
V-SB-012-A
Duty Type
Initial
Fault Type
All
Faulted Phases
Default
Fault Summary (Pre-Fault)

Voltage
Voltage
Phase
kV
Deg
6.6
6.6
-120
6.6
120
Fault Summary (During Fault)

Fault Type
Amp
Deg
LLL
16262
-84.89
LL
14083
-174.89
LLG
14951
166.82
LG
11902
-84.02
Thevenin Impedances at Faulted Bus

13
R + jX
pu
R/X
Z1
0.0527 + j0.5894
0.089
Z0
0.1472 + j1.2336
0.119
First Ring Contributions

Device Number
Type
LLL
LG
LL
LLG
10165.7
4967.5
8803.7
8925.7
V-EHP-1005
Cable
6.6KV_B_TIE
Switch
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
V-EHP-1007
Cable
3143.5
5494.3
2722.4
4414.0
V-EHP-1008
Cable
2661.3
1298.2
2304.7
2325.0
V-EHP-1009
Cable
215.1
104.7
186.3
187.9
V-EHP-1010
Cable
82.5
40.2
71.4
72.1
First Ring Transfer Impedance

Device Number
Type
Z1
Z0
V-EHP-1005
Cable
0.0520 + j0.5876
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1007
Cable
0.0454 + j0.5828
0.0297 + j1.1649
V-EHP-1008
Cable
0.0467 + j0.5836
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1009
Cable
0.0522 + j0.5889
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1010
Cable
0.0527 + j0.5893
0.1472 + j1.2336
3.1.2.2
IEC Peak Duty
IEC Short-Circuit - Faulted Bus Summary
Parameters
Study Name
Date
Mon Feb 04 2013
Time
12h08m28s
Project Name
New
Faulted Bus
V-SB-012-A
Duty Type
Peak
Fault Type
All
Faulted Phases
Default
Method

Phase
Voltage
Voltage
14
kV
Deg
6.6
6.6
-120
6.6
120

Fault Type
Amp
LLL
45995
LL
39832
LLG
42287
LG
33663

R + jX
pu
R/X
Z1
0.0527 + j0.5894
0.089
Z0
0.1472 + j1.2336
0.119
IEC Factors
Device Number
Type
V-EHP-1005
Cable
2.000
6.6KV_B_TIE
Switch
2.000
V-EHP-1007
Cable
2.000
V-EHP-1008
Cable
2.000
V-EHP-1009
Cable
2.000
V-EHP-1010
Cable
2.000
First Ring Contributions

Device Number
Type
LLL
LG
LL
LLG
V-EHP-1005
Cable
28753.8
14048.8
24901.5
24864.7
6.6KV_B_TIE
Switch
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
V-EHP-1007
Cable
8892.6
15539.4
7699.0
12264.1
V-EHP-1008
Cable
7526.4
3671.3
6519.5
6542.2
V-EHP-1009
Cable
608.1
297.0
526.1
528.9
V-EHP-1010
Cable
231.9
113.1
200.8
203.6
15
First Ring Transfer Impedance

Device Number
Type
Z1
Z0
V-EHP-1005
Cable
0.0520 + j0.5876
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1007
Cable
0.0454 + j0.5828
0.0297 + j1.1649
V-EHP-1008
Cable
0.0467 + j0.5836
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1009
Cable
0.0522 + j0.5889
0.1473 + j1.2336
V-EHP-1010
Cable
0.0527 + j0.5893
0.1472 + j1.2336
3.1.2.3
ANSI Short Circuit Duties
ANSI Short-Circuit - Faulted Bus Summary
Parameters
Study Name
Date
Tue Feb 05 2013
Time
13h21m22s
Project Name
New
Faulted Bus
V-SB-011-B
Duty Type
Contact Parting
Fault Type
All
Faulted Phases
Breaker Speed
2 cycles
Contact Parting
1.5 cycles

Voltag
Voltag
e
e
Phase
kV
Deg
19052.56
19052.56
-120
19052.56
120
16

Fault
Type
Voltage
Voltage
Current
Current
Phase
kV
Deg
kA
Deg
90
16.63
-80.01
-30
16.63
159.99
-150
16.63
39.99
10.14
-72.89
22.75
-138.55
24.75
133.55
LLL
LG-A

R + jX
R + jX
ohms
pu
X/R
Z1
0.1989 + j1.1281
0.0183 + j0.1036
5.673
Z0
1.2616 + j3.1322
0.1158 + j0.2876
2.483
Z1 (ANSI)
0.1975 + j1.1281
0.0181 + j0.1036
5.711
Z0 (ANSI)
1.2476 + j1.5308
0.1146 + j0.1406
1.227
2X1+X0
2R1+R0
pu
pu
(2X1+X0)/
(2R1+R0)
0.495
0.152
3.247
0.495
0.151
2.305
ANSI Factors
LLL Fault
Local
Remote
Multiplier
Multiplier
(LM)
(RM)
ANSI C37.010
ANSI C37.5
ANSI
Standard
Fault
LG Fault
I Sym
RM
only
I Sym
Weighte
d
Local
Remote
Multiplier
Multiplier
kA
kA
kA
(LM)
(RM)
16.63
16.63
16.63
1.105
16.63
18.38
18.33
Local Source Contribution
2.883%
Remote Source Contribution
97.117%
Fault
I Sym
RM
only
Weighted
kA
kA
kA
10.13
10.13
10.13
1.063
10.13
10.78
10.76
17
I Sym
3.1.3
One Line Diagram Results
For the IEC Breaking,

Peak and Steady State
duties IEC Factors are
applied on the initial
current. Therefore the
faulted bus short circuit
level will automatically be
displayed
on
screen
corresponding to the duty
type selected.
18
Chapter 4 Transient Stability Analysis

4.1
Frequency by Zone
This is an optional part of the

study, which is particularly
useful when interconnected
systems
with
different
frequencies are to be included
in the transient stability study.
After specifying the zones of
the network you can specify the
desired frequency of any zone
in the Frequency by Zone
dialog box of the transient
stability program.
Check Specify Frequency by
Zone and then select the
User defined settings to
enter the desired frequency.
The default frequency is the
system
nominal
frequency
entered in the parameters tab
of the study.
19
20
4.1
Global Settings
In the absence of data for controller models, or in the interest of saving time, it may be necessary
to perform simplified stability simulations. That is why, in the Global Settings tab, you have the
option to run your simulation with no Turbines, Exciters or Stabilizers, even if some have already
been defined.
Note:
If a Generator has a synchronous machine stability model assigned to it, but no

Turbine model is used, then the mechanical power input to the Generator is held fixed
at its initial value throughout the simulation. Similarly, if no Exciter model is used, the
field voltage of the Generator is held constant.
For Synchronous Generators, you have the option to simplify matters by applying the same
synchronous machine model type to all Generators, or to utilize the models you have selected on
an Individual basis.
You can overwrite the individual generator control model specified at the network level with the
following selections.
Note:
Make sure that sufficient data has been entered in the Generator database for each
machine to be able to use the selected model type. (See Section Error! Reference
source not found. Error! Reference source not found.)
21
The Exclude all Controls option disables all controls on all Generators. Alternatively, you may
use the Exclude All option for each type such as Turbines, Stabilizers and Exciters with or
without saturation modeling.
Wind Turbines and Photovoltaic can be assigned Use Individual Settings or apply a particular
wind or solar model on all. In addition the constant power model is also available for the user at
this level.
Induction motors can be assigned different models
Running Induction Motors
Starting Induction Motors
Apply Skin Effect on Running and Starting

Motors
22
Synchronous Motors have the

same options as Generators.
4.1
Over Current Relay
The Over Current relay now includes the Transient Stability Functionality.
4.1.1
General Settings
The Over Current Relay network settings dialog box includes two tabs: General and Controlled
Breakers.
The settings at the General tab include the bus Number, the relay Status and the Text displayed
in the relay one line diagram symbol. In addition, it includes the Time Current Settings, Relay
Operating Time and Observation Delay.
The Observation Delay in seconds is included in the total response of the system to account for
the fact that the current may recover to within acceptable limits before the breaker trip signal is
initiated.
23
4.1.2
Controlled Breakers
The Controlled Breakers tab is used to select the circuit breakers that are to trip due to an over
current in the protected branch.
The Breaker Operating Time in seconds represents the delay of the breaker trip mechanism to
trip or close the contacts. This delay is entered in the Network Settings of the desired breaker.
The Total Breaker Operating Time in seconds is the sum of all three namely.
Observation Delay + Relay Operating Time + Breaker Operating Time
24
4.1.3
TCC Settings
User defined Definite Time or directly from the device Time Current curves for either Definite
Time or relays with time dial functionality.
User Defined
Definite Time
Settings
The Relay Current Pick Up, Operating and Observation Delay times can be
entered by the user.
Note
The Relay Pick Current is used to calculate the branch current threshold
that will activate the trip signal.
Example
Relay Pick up is 10 A
The CT Ratio is 200:5
The Branch Current trip threshold is
25
Chapter 5 Motor Starting Analysis

The Dynamic Motor Starting Analysis now includes the
A. Locked Rotor Analysis (LRA) to calculate the voltage dip of induction and synchronous
starting motors on the network.
B. The Maximum Start Size to estimate the maximum motor size that can be started on a
given bus given the allowable voltage drop.
5.1
Locked Rotor Analysis
To access the Locked Rotor Analysis, go to Analysis > Motor Start > Locked Rotor. You can
also choose Motor Start Locked Rotor Analysis from the Simulation Toolbar and click on the
Run Simulation
5.1.1
button.
Analysis Settings
Locked Rotor Analysis calculates the voltage dip starting motors will cause on a network. This
calculation assists in determining the proper motor size for installation.
Specify the Status (Off, Running, Locked Rotor) of the motors and the starting mode of each
Starting motor. At least one motor in the network should be at Starting status to perform a
Locked rotor analysis. To change and/or to view the current settings of a motor, click the Modify
hyperlink.
26
Under the During Motor Start group box, you define if the equivalent source, regulators,
generators and capacitors are locked or un-locked. For each class of devise, click to place a
check mark in the selection box to lock.
Enable these options to calculate the voltage drop at the moment of motor start before regulators,
generators or switched capacitors have time to react.
In the Output Options group box, you can choose whether to display outputs automatically:
summary report, detailed report. Check-mark Color by Voltage Dip to color-code the One
Line diagram by voltage dip levels, based on the limits as defined in the Color by Voltage Dip
tab% (see View > Display Options, Layers tab, select Analysis layers as the Category).
Hint:
Run a Locked rotor analysis with different starting modes to see the decrease
of the voltage dip in the network. The acceleration of the motor over time is not
simulated.
27
5.1.2
Flicker Table Tab
This Table defines the allowed voltage dip depending on the number of starts per day. These are
used to compare with the real values obtained from the simulation. This comparison is included in
the summary report.
Voltage dip values greater than the maximum allowed setting will be displayed in red.
Starts/day (minimum), Starts/day (maximum): define the range of starts/day of motors. Motors
with a starts/day value falling within a specific range will be subjected to that ranges allowed
voltage dips.
Section Properties dialog box with Starts /day field.

Each motor installed has a Starts/day value. This value has been introduced to help the users
to find out if the actual voltage dip after a Locked Rotor Analysis is under the maximum allowed
voltage dip limits.
28
5.1.3
Locked Rotor Analysis Sample Output
Locked Rotor Analysis Summary

Motor Location:
V-K-001C
Input Summary:
Nameplate HP
Number of Phases
Rated Voltage
Applied Voltage
Starts/Day
Starting Assist
Efficiency
Power Factor
Locked Rotor PF
NEMA Code
kVA/HP Ratio
6500 HP
3
6.60 kV
6.60 kV
1 Starts/Day
Variable Frequency Starter
95.0%
89.0%
15.0%
D
4.30
Flicker Curve Table:
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Minimum
Maximum
At Substation
At Upstream Section
At Motor Terminal
At Maximum Voltage Dip
Starts/Day
1
6
96
1440
14400
144000
Starts/Day
6
96
1440
14400
144000
1440000
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
3.00
2.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
7.00
5.00
3.50
1.50
0.80
0.50
9.00
7.00
5.00
1.50
0.80
0.50
9.00
7.00
5.00
1.50
0.80
0.50
At Substation
At Upstream Section
At Motor Terminal
At Maximum Voltage Dip
(%)
3.00
0.00
(%)
7.00
7.69
91.62
99.25
(%)
9.00
8.39
91.62
100.00
(%)
9.00
8.64
91.27
99.90
Output Summary:
Current
Current
At Motor Terminal
(A)
R1
+jX1
2444.99
501.69
459.71
0.23
6.76
1.14
1.54
3.46
7.51
Nominal Locked Rotor

Full Load Steady State
Actual Current
Impedance(Ohms)
Voltage Dip:
Maximum Starting Dip Allowed

Actual Starting Dip Calculated
Actual Starting Voltage
Pre-Start Voltage
Maximum motor starts/day that satisfies the Flicker Table: 0 per day
Highest Constraint Location: At Upstream Section
Worst voltage Sections & Values:

Phase
Section Id
Value (%)
A
B
C
V-K-001A
V-K-001A
V-K-001A
91.27
91.27
91.27
29
The detailed report is very similar to the power flow report.

You can customize the report output. To do this, select the Report > On calculation menu option
to display the Reports dialog box; locate your report in the list and click on the Properties
hyperlink. This will display the corresponding Report Properties dialog box, where you can edit
the parameters of your report.
5.1.4
Display: Color by Voltage Level
To define the color-coding used by the One Line diagram after a Locked Rotor Analysis, go to
View > Display Options > Layers tab. Select the category Analysis Layer and select the layer
Voltage Level Color (%).
30
5.2
Maximum Start Size Analysis
To access the Motor Start Maximum Size Analysis, go to Analysis > Motor Start > Locked
Rotor. You can also choose Motor Start Maximum Start from the Simulation Toolbar and click
on the Run Simulation
5.2.1
button.
Analysis Settings
This type of analysis is used to estimate the maximum motor size that can be started on a given
section.
Select Network(s): select the feeder(s) to be considered by the analysis.

Parameters: define the value for Maximum voltage dip allowed and Motor kva/hp Ratio.
Options: place a check mark next to the output you want to be displayed automatically once the
analysis is completed Display the report automatically and / or Display the result box.
5.2.2
Running the Analysis and Viewing the Results
Click Run to start the analysis. Depending on the options selected, either or both the Maximum
Motor Size Result Box and the Maximum Start Size Analysis detail report(s) will be displayed
automatically.
31
The Motor Size Result Box displays the same information as the detail report but displays the
information one section at a time.
Hint:
If you did not check the Display the result box option, generate it by running
the analysis again. Un-check the detail report so you will not get double
reports.
Hint:
Select a section from the detailed report and both the result box and the One
Line will highlight the same section and vice versa.
Maximum Motor Size Result Box at Bus 266

The Maximum Start Size Analysis Detailed Report displays a detailed report on all theb
sections of the feeder.
Maximum Motor Start Sample Report
32
Chapter 6 DC Analysis
6.1
Introduction
DC Analysis is limited to networks that contain safe power supplies to critical equipment such as
DC Motors, Valves and other loads that are required when the DC battery is supplying power to
these loads due to a loss in the supply voltage to the Charger.
The equipment library has now been enhanced with the addition of DC equipment such as
Station Batteries, Charger, Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) and DC / DC Converter.
In addition DC Cables, Impedance branch, protective devices, loads and machines are now
included in the library which allows the user to build any DC network with all the necessary
network components.
6.2
DC Equipment
DC Bus
6.2.1
Sources
Loads
Branches
Protective Devices
DC Bus
Depending on the network topology the DC Bus base voltage will be automatically propagated by
the software. As an example the Charger Rated output DC Voltage will be selected as the base
voltage.
Only DC equipment can be connected to a DC bus and all other AC network components will be
blocked from connection to a DC bus.
33
6.2.2
DC Cable
In DC circuits it is assumed that the two identical cables are connected between the positive and
negative terminals of the devices.
This includes the General Data including the construction details of the cable, loading limits
and symbol dialog boxes.
In the absence of the electrical parameters data the program can compute the electrical
parameters of the Cable from the geometrical construction of the cable.
6.2.3
DC Impedance
The DC Impedance from an electrical stand point is treated exactly as a cable with the only
difference being that the impedance value R + jX is entered as a total resistance and inductance
of the cable.
34
6.2.4
DC Load
DC loads are commonly rated based on their operating voltage and power.
The Rated voltage (V) of the load is specified along with either its Power (KW) or Current (A) and
the other is computed since the power equation always should hold true.
6.2.5
DC Motor
The DC motor is very similar to an induction motor and is represented by the following equivalent
circuit.
Rs
Motor Resistance
Winding Inductance
Vg
Back e.m.f
RL
Magnetic Losses
Note
The value of RL is typically large

and can be ignored, as can the
inductance L which is generally
small.
35
Mechanical
Power
This value may be entered in HP or KW. This power represents the

mechanical power developed at shaft of the motor.
Rated Power
In KW is the electrical input power of the motor governed by the

following relationship.
Rated Voltage
Motor nameplate voltage in Volts (V)
Efficiency
In % to quantify the electrical power losses in the motor.
Speed
The rated rpm of the motor at normal operating conditions
Load Factor
Short
Circuit
contribution
The following is the short circuit contribution of the motor at its

terminal:
36
6.2.6
Protective Devices
The protective devices follow a common format as far as the data entry and settings in both the
equipment and network properties of each device.
Fuse
Switch
LVCB
Nominal Rating
.
Rated current
In Amps. Different limits may be defined for equipment in the

Loading Limits tab.
Rated Voltage
In kV.
Interrupting
Rating
In Amps.
In the short-circuit results, the Withstand Rating is used by the

program to check if the short circuit current exceeds the withstand
rating of the device.
However, you must enter non-zero value for withstand rating. If this
value is zero no check will be made.
37
6.2.7
Charger
A charger is a constant voltage source, maintaining its terminal bus voltage at the desired control
value as specified in the network settings.
Whenever the terminal bus voltage drops below the desired regulated voltage of a charger, it will
try to raise the voltage to the regulated value until the charger current reaches Imax. On the other
hand if the terminal bus voltage is higher than the charger regulated voltage, the charger
becomes inactive and is switched off from the system.
However, when the current drawn from the charger is greater than Imax, the maximum current it
can provide while keeping its terminal voltage constant at the same time, it becomes a constant
current source. The current drawn from the charger is then kept at Imax, while the terminal
voltage drifts, depending on the system loading and sources such as batteries or a UPS
Nominal Rating
Nominal Voltages
In KW or Amps.
Input AC Voltage in Kilo Volts (KV)
Output DC Voltage in Volts (V)
Efficiency
In % to quantify the electrical power losses in the Charger.
38
Power Factor
The operating power factor of the charger is used to calculate

the AC reactive power component.
Maximum Output
Current
Imax entered in % of Rated Current or in Amps.

Once this threshold is reached the charger output current will be
limited to Imax and the terminal voltage will drift, depending on
system loading and the presence of other sources.
Control Type
Four Modes of Voltage Control are available
Short
Circuit
contribution
Fixed Voltage is the desired control voltage at the

terminals of the charger
Fixed Power Factor in this option the program will

compute the desired voltage at the charger terminal as
per the following equation:
Float Voltage is the desired control voltage at the

terminal of the charger to maintain a fully charged battery.
Equalization Voltage is the desired voltage at the

terminals of the charger to boost the battery charging
voltage for a selected period of time.
Specify the Short Circuit Contribution factor (K) of the charger in

either % of rated current or Amps.
39
6.2.8
Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS)
A DC UPS is similar to a Charger since it is series component with AC and DC sides.

A DC UPS which is a system by itself composed of a charger and a battery which are controlled
to feed a dc network during a shutdown. The data and dialog boxes are pretty similar. The only
difference is that theres only one type of DC UPS.
The DC battery within the UPS is not modeled at the present time.
6.2.9
DC-DC Converter
A DC-DC Converter is a series component that is comparable to a transformer in DC. It has a DC

primary and a DC secondary. The primary is modeled with a load and has no influence on the DC
Load Flow calculation on the secondary side.
Nominal Data
Nominal Rating
Nominal Voltages
In KW or Amps.
Primary Input DC Voltage in Volts (V)
Secondary Output DC Voltage in Volts (V)
Efficiency
In % to quantify the electrical power losses in the Converter.
Maximum Output
Current
Imax entered in % of Rated Current or in Amps.

Once this threshold is reached the Converter current will be
40
Control Type
Operating output DC Voltage in % of rated secondary voltage or

Volts
Short
Circuit
contribution
Specify the Short Circuit Contribution factor (K) of the Converter

Secondary in either % of rated current or Amps.
6.2.10 DC Battery
Each Battery consists of a number of Cells with a typical value of 2.08 Volts connected in series
for the desired Battery Voltage as an example 12 or 24 V.
Typical Battery specifications are shown below displayed below.
41
These in turn are connected in Series and Parallel combinations to generate the required DC
Station Voltage and AH Capacity. The voltage could be in the range of 120, 240 or 480 Volts.
The Battery equipment properties offer two choices of entering the nominal information Battery
Type:
Nominal Rating from Battery Data Sheet
6.2.10.1
Nominal Rating from Cell Data Sheet (IEEE 946 STD)
Nominal Rating from Battery Data Sheet
Nominal Data
Nominal Voltage
Number of Cells
Nominal Capacity
Internal
Resistance
per
Cell
For a Single Battery in Volts (VB)

Number of Cells within a Battery (NC)
In Ampere Hours (Ah)
The Internal Cell Resistance. (RC)
Total Battery Resistance RB in this case would be
Maximum
Discharge Current
Similar to Imax entered in Amps.

Once this threshold is reached the Battery output current will be
This can either be entered by the user or click on the
Short
Current
Circuit
to compute the battery short circuit current at its

terminals as:
42
6.2.10.2
Nominal Rating from Cell Data Sheet (IEEE 946 STD)
Nominal Data
Nominal Capacity
Voltage Per Cell
Number of Plates
Resistance
Per
Positive Plate
In Ampere Hours (Ah). This should be equal to the Capacity of

the battery.
Nominal Cell Voltage (VOC) in Volts
Number of Total Plates positive and negative (NT). This should
be an odd number
The Number of Positive Plates (NP) is therefore computed as
follows:
The resistance per positive plate in Ohms (RP)

Note
Maximum
Discharge Current
Short
Current
Circuit
The positive plates are connected in parallel. Therefore

the Internal Cell Resistance (RC) is now computed as
follows:
Similar to Imax entered in Amps.

Once this threshold is reached the cell output current will be
This can either be entered by the user or click on the
to compute the cell short circuit current at its
terminals as:
43
6.2.10.3
Station Battery Data
Battery Type
The type of battery data entry in the equipment dialog box is

displayed for reference.
Series
Connected
Batteries
This represents the Number of Batteries connected in series to

obtain the desired station battery voltage output. (NB)
Parallel Strings
This represents the number of parallel strings of batteries to

provide the desired Station Battery Capacity in Ampere Hours.
(NS).
System Nominal
Voltage
This the Station Battery Operating Voltage (VSB)
System Nominal
Capacity
This is the Station Battery Capacity (AhSB) computed as follows:
External
Connections
The resistance of all external cables connecting the individual

batteries per string (RX)
44
Short
Circuit
Contribution
Voltage Source
Behind
an
Impedance
The SC Contribution of the battery can be defined in two methods:
Voltage Source Behind and Impedance
Constant Current Source
This the simple case of representing the station battery VSB in

series with the total internal resistance of the battery
The Total Impedance would be
Where
The short station battery short circuit current at its terminals:
Constant Current
Source
The option represents the battery as a constant current source

contribution irrespective of the fault location. The Short Circuit
current can be entered as a % of the Station Battery Short circuit
current or in Amps.
45
6.3
DC Load Flow Analysis
The default calculation method in the DC Analysis module is the Newton Raphson Load Flow
solution method.
Select DC Load Flow Analysis from the list of available analyses. (See illustration.) You can
also select it from Analysis > DC Load Flow Analysis.
Before accessing the Analysis dialog box go to File System Parameters to modify, if desired,
the Base Power for solving the DC Networks.
Click on the Run Simulation icon
in the Simulation toolbar.
46
6.3.1
Analysis Parameters
The DC Load Flow Analysis dialog box comprises configuration settings and four tabs that will
allow you to set the:
DC Load Flow analysis Parameters such as tolerance, number of iterations, Load or

Motor Scaling Factors, Include batteries and motors in the analysis or not.
Remove All
Constraints
Adjust
Impedance
If this option is checked then the load flow will be solved by relaxing
all the constraints on Batteries, Chargers, UPS and Converters. This
includes the limit on Imax and the detection of reverse power flow in
devices.
Note:
This is useful for networks that have difficulty converging
since the results of the load flow, with relaxed constraints,
can provide useful tips as to where the problem may be.
If this option is checked you can click on the

button to
apply some impedance adjustment factors as a function of
Temperature and Tolerance on the Cable length.
The next three dialog boxes are similar to the AC Load Flow Analysis module:
The Networks that the Load Flow is to be performed on.
The Loading / Voltage Limits of equipment and bus voltage violations.
The Output options for reports and one line Diagram.

Notes:
You may select to analyze a network without analyzing all the other
networks connected to this particular network.
The DC Load Flow can simultaneously solve multiple networks and

networks with multiple swing sources.
47
6.3.2
Solving the Power Flow
Once the parameters for the DC load flow analysis have been set, you may click on the Save
button if you wish to permanently save the parameters to your disk. This is only useful if you wish
to re-use the same parameters as default parameters for future studies.
Click on the Run button to start the analysis and display the results on the one line diagram, the
results box and in the reports.
The default layer for the DC Power Flow Results is
provided with the program and can be accessed
through the results layer tool bar.
After the analysis is completed you can display and color code the one line diagram with any
abnormal condition such as overloaded equipment and bus violations by clicking on the
of the analysis tool bar.
icon
.
48
6.3.3
Power Flow Reports
To select and display the DC Load Flow Results reports click on the
toolbar or select Report > On Calculation from the menu.
icon of the Simulation
.
Lists of reports provided with the software are detailed below:
49
6.4
DC Short Circuit
Select DC Short-Circuit from the list of available analyses. You may also select Analysis >
Fault Analysis > DC Short-Circuit from the menu.
Click on the Run Simulation icon

box.
6.4.1
in the Simulation toolbar to open the Short-circuit dialog
Analysis Parameters
The DC Short Circuit Analysis dialog box comprises configuration settings and four tabs that will
allow you to set the:
Calculation including type of analysis and location of fault.
There are two possible calculation modes:

Short-Circuit Levels
at all Buses and
Nodes
Compute the total short-circuit current at all buses and

nodes.
Fault Flow Currents

and Voltages
Compute the effect of a fault applied at one single location.

The current and voltages on all sections/nodes of the
respective network will be determined to illustrate the impact
of the fault throughout the network.
50
When the calculation mode Fault Flow currents and voltages is selected, the fault location group
box is activated to allow users to specify the location at which a fault is to be applied.
Location
Allows the user to specify the location at which a fault is to be

applied.
The fault can be applied to bus or node. Depending on the
selection, a list of all the available nodes and buses in the
network will be listed for selection.
The next three dialog boxes are similar to the AC Short Circuit Analysis module:
Parameters to specify the pre-fault voltage, security factors and DC equipment

contributions.
The Networks that the Short Circuit is to be performed on.
The Output options for reports and one line Diagram.
6.4.2
Solving the Sort Circuit
Once the parameters for the DC short circuit analysis have been set, you may click on the Save
button if you wish to permanently save the parameters to your disk. This is only useful if you wish
to re-use the same parameters as default parameters for future studies.
Click on the Run button to start the analysis and display the results on the one line diagram, the
results box and in the reports.
The default layers for the DC Short Circuit results
provided with the program can be accessed
through the results layer tool bar.
DC Short Circuit Results layer to

display the short circuit level when a
Summary on all Buses and Nodes is
performed.
DC Fault Flow Results layer when you

fault a single bus or node.
51
Fault Level Summary on all bus and nodes
To fault a bus you can either specify the

location in the fault analysis calculation dialog
box or right click the mouse button followed by
apply fault.
The short circuit contributions of Batteries,
Chargers, UPS, DC-DC converter and Motors
are all displayed on the one line diagram along
with the voltage of the healthy buses or nodes.
Fault at a bus
52
6.4.3
Short Circuit Reports
To select and display the DC Short Circuit Reports click on the

or select Report > On Calculation from the menu.
icon of the Simulation toolbar
.
6.4.3.1
Summary on all bus report
List of reports provided with the software for this are detailed below:
Here are is a sample of the summary report.
Detailed Bus Report
53
6.4.3.2
Fault a Bus report
List of reports provided with the software for this are detailed below:
Here is a sample report in exported to MS Excel.
54
6.5
Interface to AC System
6.5.1 AC Power Flow

The Charger and UPS are operating as sources to the DC system drawing power from the AC
system.
The values of the Input Active and the Reactive power to the Charger or UPS are computed from
the efficiency and operating power factor specified for each device
.
To include the results of the DC system you need to access the CYMFLOW analysis Controls
menu and activate the option
in the AC load flow analysis. You can also
access the DC Load Flow parameters with the
button.
By including the DC analysis keywords in ac power flow layer then the results of both analyses
can be displayed on screen.
55
Below is such an example:
Figure 6-1 : AC and DC Load Flow Results
6.5.2 Harmonic Analysis

Power Electronic Devices such as Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), Chargers and UPS and
FACTS devices now include a Harmonic Current Source Model.
56
The Harmonic current source data can be entered in the database settings of the general
Frequency Source included in the equipment library of harmonic devices.
The desired frequency source can then be associated to the particular device from the Harmonic
Settings of that particular device in the Section Properties dialog box. An example illustrating
the settings of the harmonic model for a Charger is shown below.
57
To display the harmonic voltage and current distortion results simply activate the CYMHARMO
analysis module, set the parameters, specify the location of the points of common coupling (PCC)
between the AC and DC and display the results on the OLD, print reports and generate the
charts.
58
Chapter 7 CYMPROTEC
CYME 7.0 brings numerous enhancements and new features to its Network Protection Analysis
module. The CYMPROTEC Module is an advanced protection analysis module that is now fully
integrated within the CYME 7.0 software package.
New Features
Re-designed Protection Analysis Study Menu

Device Library Editor
Revamped TCC Settings dialog boxes
Live Preview mode
General Enhancements
New Analysis Modules

Sequence of Operation
Minimum Fault Analysis
7.1
New Features and Enhancements
7.1.1 Protective Device Analysis

The protective Device Analysis now includes the option to access the short circuit analysis
parameters dialog box and
59
7.1.2 TCC Library

To activate the TCC library functions go to Database > TCC Library menu, there are different
options regarding the TCC Database.
Library Editor
To modify the TCC Library by
accessing the Library Editor, click on
View to arrange the list displayed on
the left hand side to show Protective
Devices, Manufacturers, Re-closer
Control Types, Cable Insulations,
Cable Sizes, Relay Tap Ranges,
Device Tolerance and Transformer
Inrush. The display of each of the
above categories would give access to
different data that is pertinent to the
category chosen, and these data can
be modified.
Import and Export Device Settings
Device settings as entered in the
Library Editor can be imported, or
exported to another TCC Library.
Re-Index, Compact and Repair
Online Update
7.1.3 Device Settings Dialog Box

The device settings now consist of Device Specific and General device Settings.
Relay
Settings
General
60
Common Pages that

include
information
such as Clipping
Coordination
Curves,
Drawing
Options
Short Circuit Arrows
Short Circuit and

Full Load Current
61
7.1.4 Live Preview Mode

This is a new option allows the modification of any device setting and visualize the change on the
TCC curve interactively on-screen.
7.1.5 Device Reports

Over Current Relay example report
Feeder Id
Section ID
Device Number
Relay Type
Manufacturer
Model
Operating Voltage
Short-Circuit Minimum
Short-Circuit Maximum
UTILITY-SUPPLY
C-L1
C-L1
Electronic
CUTLER HAMMER
C-H FP5000 ANSI VERY
13.80 KV
921.00 A
14879.94 A
Setting
Value
Phase
70:1
Tap with Tap Range
0.05
0.05 / 2.4
0.65
45.50 A
Off
Off
Protection Type
CT Ratio
Operation Mode
Time Dial
Tap Range
Tap
Primary Pickup
Short Time
Instantaneous
62
7.1.6 General Enhancements

The Network Protection module in CYME 7.0 can help verify network protection schemes
7.2
User Defined SC Currents

TCC View double click on the device click gives direct access to TCC Settings dialog
TCC views are now saved with the study
New TCC Keywords
Customization (Global vs Local)
Title Block Information (in Grid Options)
Display Tool (TCC Toolbar)
IntelliRupter Type re-closer for up to 25 Curves
New Analysis Modules
7.2.1 Sequence of operations

The Sequence of Operation analysis evaluates the impact of a fault on the network to provide the
sequence of protective device operations triggered.
User-defined
location.
fault
Simulation of any fault

type.
Calculation of the fault
current and opening time
of each protective device.
Device settings, including
delays and re-closer times

of breakers are included
in the analysis.
63
Tracing of the
protective devices
triggered in the
one-line diagram
Tabular
report
listing
the
sequence
of
device triggered,
the opening time
and fault current
detected at each
operation
64
7.2.2 Minimum Fault Analysis
The Minimum Fault analysis is offered to assist engineers in the verification of whether the
protective devices can adequately detect and clear the minimum faults seen in their respective
protection zone.
A detailed report is provided to list all areas that are inadequately protected. Those areas are also
color-coded on the one-line diagram for easier visualization.
65

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CYME 7.0 Whats New Industrial and Transmission

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CYME 7.

0 Industrial and Transmission

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Fault Flow at a Bus ........................................................................................ 12

IEC Peak Duty ............................................................................................... 14

ANSI Short Circuit Duties .............................................................................. 16

One Line Diagram Results ................................................................. 18

Chapter 4 Transient Stability Analysis...................................................... 19

Maximum Start Size Analysis ...................................................................... 31

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Analysis Settings ............................................................................ 31

Chapter 6 DC Analysis .............................................................................. 33

Station Battery Data ....................................................................................... 44

6.3 DC Load Flow Analysis .............................................................................. 46

Fault a Bus report .......................................................................................... 54

6.5 Interface to AC System .............................................................................. 55

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Chapter 1 General Enhancements

Once a Keyword is created the associated

This now includes the KW tolerance for DC

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Locked Rotor Current Entry in p.u

The locked rotor current of the motor in the

Computation of the Power Factor

The induction motor Power Factor

Transformer Loading (ANSI / IEC)

In File Preferences Simulation

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

ANSI Loading Criteria is

IEC Loading Criteria is

The Customer Type

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Chapter 2 Load Flow Analysis

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

The Charger and UPS are operating

The option to include or not Line charging

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

Chapter 3 Short Circuit Analysis

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

All Duty Type Analysis

Display on the one line

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

ANSI / IEC Report Enhancements

3.1.1.2 Fault Flow at a Bus

IEC Breaking, Peak and

New Features and Analysis Modules

CYME 7.0 Industrial and Transmission

ANSI all Duty Types

IEC Initial Duty Report

IEC Short-Circuit - Faulted Bus Summary

Mon Feb 04 2013

Fault Summary (Pre-Fault)