Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pleadings, Petitions, Motions and Other Judicial and Legal Forms
Pleadings, Petitions, Motions and Other Judicial and Legal Forms
THEODORE O. TE2
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These forms were first published in 1998 for use in the UP Law Bar Ops for that year.
Assistant Professor and Director, University of the Philippines Office of Legal Aid; Ll.B., U.P. (1990); Grateful
acknowledgement is given to Feliz Marie M. Guerrero, Ll.B. U.P. (2008, expected) for invaluable assistance in reformatting, proofreading and updating of legal references.
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ON WRITING, LEGALLY
Therefore, its name was called Babel, because
there the Lord confused the language of all the
earth. Genesis, 11:9, ESV
If brevity is the soul of wit, what now is to become of lawyers (and law students) who
would nonchalantly write a 100-page document and dare call it a Brief?
The traditional notion of legal writing is that it is a competition to put together as many
four to five-syllable words in a one-paragraph sentence. The language of the law mystifies and
with this comes the power of the lawyer. The more obscure and obtuse the language, the greater
the need for a lawyer.
History has given us many language handicaps and obstacles to clarity and precision.
Throughout four years of law school, the law student, who eventually becomes a lawyer, is
trained to think in archaic words and phraseslegalesewhich appear to have legal significance
but is actually too imprecise to help anyone understand what is going on. And to add to the
babelish situation, there are hundreds of words in a dead languageLatinthat have little
relevance to the contemporary world.
There is a sea change, however, going on in legal writing. More and more, pleaders are
asked to be clear and concise, precise not pedantic. Why waste five words when three will do?3
But change, as always, is difficult and painful. Yet, it is an essential response to todays evolving
legal profession. Indeed, when the most common means now of communicating is text, with its
own subculture and lingo, there must be a re-examination of the archaic manner by which legal
writing presents itself.
What this short introduction to the accompanying handbook of Pleadings, Petitions,
Motions and Other Legal and Judicial Forms seeks to do is to put forth the need to write clearly
and concisely, precisely but not pedantically.
When a judges attention span is short and his backlog of reading is long, the need to
write concisely, clearly, precisely but not pedantically becomes absolutely clear.
Writing concisely and not pedantically, however, does not mean that the legal writer
ought to cut corners when it comes to substance as well as form; the only thing that that
guarantees is a baleful stare and a rude dismissal from the judge. Not only must the writer know
the arguments and the bases for his arguments, but she must also realize that these arguments
need to be presented in a manner that is technically sufficient.
My favorite, and many of my students will attest to this, is the absolutely archaic Comes Now, the Plaintiff, by the
undersigned counsel, unto this Honorable Court, respectfully states that as part of every pleading. Why waste 15
words, when 6 will do, thus: Plaintiff, by counsel, respectfully states that. The latter loses none of the legal
gravitas but loses every bit of the archaic pretense that mystifies the law and perpetuates the notion that laywers
know what they are doing each and every time.
&
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It is hoped that the forms presented here, with checklists4 of legal requirements and short
annotations, will provide the impetus for demystifying legal writing and legal drafting. These
forms come from actual forms used in the authors practice, some from worthy opponents and
still some from traditional form books, with updates to fit the current state of the Rules.
While this handbook was produced, primarily, with the bar examinees and the law intern
or law student in mind, it is hoped that it might prove helpful as well when September ends5 and
life, as a lawyer, begins in earnest.
Theodore O. Te
Room 105, Malcolm Hall
University of the Philippines
August 2007
4
Acknowledgment is given to Atty. Alex M. Enriquez, (Ll.B., UP, 1990) for the original template of the
Checklists, which have been updated to suit current practice.
5
Vide Green Day, Wake Me Up When September Ends, which has become an unofficial anthem for bar
examinees in the Philippines.
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accompanies any notarized
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1. Caption and Title
2. Parties/Capacity of Parties
3. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts
4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
Against Forum Shopping
)0"",6.)&1976, 1982, 1985,
1988, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997
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3. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts
4. Statement of Cause(s) of Action
5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
8. Verification and Certification
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5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
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5. Prayer/Reliefs
6. Date/Place of Execution
7. Signature of Counsel
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2. Denials/Admission
3. Statement of Affirmative
Allegations
4. Statement of
Affirmative/Negative Defenses
5. Counterclaim
6. Prayer/Relief
7. Date/Place of Execution
8. Signature of Counsel
9. Verification
10. Certification against Forum
Shopping
11. Proof of Service
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accompanied by a Certification
against Forum Shopping. Also
please note that an Answer need
not be verified BUT if there is a
specific denial of an actionable
document, such as that
contained here, then the
Answer must be verified. See
again Rule 8, secs. 7 (definition of
actionable document), 8 (how to
contest such documents), 10
(requirements of a specific denial),
11 (effects of failure to specifically
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1. Caption
2. Denials/Admission
3. Statement of Affirmative
Allegations
4. Statement of
Affirmative/Negative Defenses
5. Cross-claim
6. Prayer/Relief
7. Date/Place of Execution
8. Signature of Counsel
9. Verification
10. Certification against Forum
Shopping
11. Proof of Service
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)0"",6.)&NOTE: There is no
need to attach a Notice of Hearing
for a Pre-Trial Brief. Also, pre-trial
is now mandatory in criminal
cases under Rule 118, 2000
Rules on Criminal Procedure as
well as under RA 8493 (The
Speedy Trial Act), although
neither the law nor the Rules
require the submission of a PreTrial Brief in criminal cases (in
practice, courts also do not
require the submission of a pretrial brief in criminal cases).
Consequently, the requirement of
a pre-trial brief and the
consequences for failure to
submit one (e.g., non-suit or
dismissal) appear to pertain
exclusively to civil cases.
)0"",6.)&This is a new
requirement imposed by the 1997
Rules on Civil Procedure.
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)0"",6.)&Checklist:
1. Ground(s)
2. Argument(s)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Notice of Hearing
5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)
)0"",6.)&NOTE: This is a
litigious motion, i.e., it must be
set for hearing. Thus, a specific
hearing date must be requested
and notice thereof given to
adverse party through counsel.
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6. Attachments (if any)
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5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)
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5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
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2. Argument(s)
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4. Notice of Hearing
5. Proof of Service
6. Attachments (if any)
7. Verification (in certain cases)
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)0"",6.)&Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*
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)0"",6.)&Checklist:
1. 60 days from notice of
judgment or final order (cf. Rule
65, sec. 4)
2. Names of petitioner and
respondent
3. Grounds relied upon
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Combined Verification,
Certification against Forum
Shopping, and Statement of
Material Dates
6. Attachments
a. Certified true copies of the
judgment/order subject of
petition
b. All material portions of the
record as would support the
petition*
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)0"",6.)&Rule 62
Checklist:
1. Parties - Petitioner, who must
claim no interest or has an
interest not disputed by
claimants; and claimants over the
same subject matter
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing conflicting
claims made on the same subject
matter over which petitioner
claims no interest or an interest
that is not disputed by claimants
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping
)0"",6.)&1995 Bar Question
)0"",6.)&It is important to
allege this because otherwise
plaintiff would be required to pay
the docket fees involved in filing
the Complaint in Interpleader
which would be determined by the
value of the property. In this way,
plaintiff will not be unduly
prejudiced by the costs of the
suit.
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)0"",6.)&Rule 66
Checklist
1. Parties a. Solicitor General, when
directed by President or motu
propio;
b. Person claiming to be
entitled to public office or position
usurped or unlawfully held or
exercised by another against the
alleged usurping public officer;
2. Material Allegations of Ultimate
Facts - facts showing usurpation
of office and facts showing
entitlement of petitioner to the
office
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Date/Place of Execution
5. Signature of Counsel
6. Verification and Certification
against Forum Shopping
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2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits
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must be based on personal
knowledge of the affiant, many
times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
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by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say I was advised by
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1. Identity of affiant and other
personal circumstances
2. Statement of venue
3. Factual allegations to show
violation or defense
4. Signature of affiant
5. Verification
6. Certification as to Personal
Examination of Affiant
7. Supporting
Documents/Affidavits
)0"",6.)&Because an affidavit
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times, legal answers cannot be
included for fear that affiant does
NOT have personal knowledge.
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by counsel may remove that
problem as all that affiant has to
do is say I was advised by
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2. Designation of offense by
statute
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including a statement of the
qualifying or aggravating
circumstances
4. Approximate time of the
commission of the offense
5. Place of commission
6. Signature of Prosecutor (for
Information)
7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
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9. Verification
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4. Approximate time of the
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7. Signature of Offended Party,
Peace officer or Public officer
charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
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recovered items, if any
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7. Signature of Offended Party,
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charged with enforcement of the
law (for Complaint)
8. NOTE: if Information is filed
after inquest (and not preliminary
investigation), ADD:
a. Place where accused is
actually detained
b. Full name and address of
evidence custodian
c. Detailed description of
recovered items, if any
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)0"",6.)&Checklist:
1. Caption and Title
2. Parties
3. Specification of grounds for
entitlement to bail
4. Prayer/Relief
5. Place/Date
6. Signature of Counsel
7. Notice of Hearing
8. Proof of Service
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)0"",6.)&Checklist:
1. All the requirements as in
ordinary motions
2. Grounds for Probation (See PD
968, as amended)
3. Prayer/Relief
4. Verification by Applicant
5. Notice of Hearing
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)0"",6.)&Variably and
acceptably denominated by others
as Formal Offer of Documentary
Exhibits; please note that this
applies to criminal and civil cases.
In criminal cases, the private
prosecutor has no personality to
formally offer the evidence, thus,
the offer is made in the name of
the prosecution.
)0"",6.)&If the question calls for
an Offer of Evidence by the
Accused/Defense, then the proper
1st par. should read: The Accused
(Defendant), by counsel,
respectfully offers his/her
documentary exhibits in support
of his/her defenses, as follows:.
Invariably, the Offer of Evidence is
made in table or column form
such that it would be easier for
the Court to see the Exhibit No.,
Description and Purpose but, for
purposes of the Bar, this would
not be practicable nor practical.
All that is important is that the
Offer contain the Exhibit Number,
a description of the Exhibit and
the Purpose of Offer.
)0"",6.)&This is a common
mistake for any legal document
submitted by a private
prosecutor. It is important to
remember that the private
prosecutor has no personality to
do anything in a criminal case as
everything is under the control
and direction of the public
prosecutor. Thus, every legal
document must be signed by both
the public prosecutor and the
private prosecutor. Note that it
would also be acceptable to
have the Offer that is prepared
by a private prosecutor signed
by the public prosecutor to
show his conformity thereto.
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