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10 A
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Structured questions
11 a i Factor which is least favourable/nearest its maximum value
Which limits the rate of reaction
If factor is increased, it would speed up the process
ii
34 points [2]
12 points [1]
ii
B Temperature: light is not limiting because rate does not increase as light
intensity increased; rate increased when temperature increased to 30 C even though
[3]
concentration of CO2 was kept at 0.14%
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12
Farmers can use their knowledge of these limiting factors to increase crop growth in
greenhouses
They may use artificial light so that photosynthesis can continue beyond
daylight hours, or in a higher-than-normal light intensity more of lightdependent reaction
The use of paraffin lamps inside a greenhouse increases the rate of
photosynthesis because the burning paraffin produces carbon dioxide and heat
too. More CO2 = more fixation
An increase in temperature will ensure that enzyme-controlled reactions would
proceed at a high rate but the temperature must not exceed the optimum temperature
of the enzyme
Any 1 point [1]
Max [2]
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iii
A cytochrome
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56 points [3]
34 points [2]
12 points [1]
Point 1[1]
Any other point [1]
13 a
Stroma
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Rubisco
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ATP
Reduced NADP/NADPH
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Essay questions
14 a
Photosynthetic pigment:
Light absorbing molecule
Located in the chloroplasts
Absorbs specific wavelengths of light
Different pigments chlorophyll a, carotenoids
Used in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
Primary pigment:
Primary pigments found in reaction centre of photosystem
Chlorophyll a
Absorbs wavelengths 700, 680 nm
Accessory pigment:
Found in light harvesting antennae of photosystem
Absorbs wavelengths of light not absorbed by chlorophyll a
Carotenoids, chlorophyll b
15 a
Main points:
Synthesis of complex organic material using carbon dioxide and water, and light
energy (from sunlight) captured by light-absorbing pigments, such as chlorophyll and
other accessory pigments
Well explained [2]
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ii
Water is split, providing electrons to replace those lost from chlorophyll a in PSII
Water is split into H+ + OHHydroxyl ions provide electrons to stabilise chlorophyll a in PSII
4 OH- 4e- = 2H2O + O2
The two protons, H+ are used to reduce NADP
Oxygen is a by-product
Any 3 points [3]
iii
Source of energy
Excites electrons of chlorophyll a in reaction centre
For the phosphorylation of ATP
And production of reduced NADP