Increasing Production

First, Some Fundamentals

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Know

Development approaches

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Development Approaches
Top Down

Bottom Up

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The acrobatics
Top down
Design a communication weapon so
formidable that it hits and destroys the target
without fail.
Intervener

Target client

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The acrobatics
Bottom up
A communication tool reflecting sound
knowledge and understanding of the local
needs and opportunities

Intervener

Target
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The acrobatics
Top down
Does not allow upward
communication.
Target as passive
recipient

Bottom up
Over emphasizes
participation, local knowledge
etc.
Consider target as innovator
and entrepreneur

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The result is
The bottom approach leads to a client
service which is effective but does not
introduce changes.

The top down approach leads to change

but with no effect.
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Some Take-homes..
Both can work

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Both are effective

Sustainability differs

It depends on communitys status

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Can you tell ??

Why democracy in Nepal is yet to have its

solid roots ?

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Recapitulationpl.

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Thanks !

Assignment: (group exercise, N=4; ppt presentation)

Why do our development projects fail ?

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Methods of Intervening

Emancipatory
Persuasive
Formative
Commercial
Informative
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Increasing Rural Production

Paternalism

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Paternalism
Of the give away

Of doing things for people

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Paternalism of Give Away..

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Paternalism of Give Away..

Its detrimental; Why ???
Feeling of incapability /
inadequacy
Which in turn creates dependency
and subservience
Self help project becomes difficult

Creates / widen division

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Its detrimental; Why ???

People become
accustomed
to give away and in-fact start
expecting.

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Its detrimental; Why ???

Blinds people to the need
of solving their own
problems.

Can also divert peoples

attention from underlying
problems.
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Detrimental for programme ???

It is monstrously expensive.

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Detrimental for programme ???

Can hide peoples

indifference

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Detrimental for programme ???

Destroys the possibility of ever being a
multiplier effect.

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Paternalism of doing things

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Paternalism of doing things

More widespread and

less often recognised as being harmful

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This too is detrimental.

Suffers from many of the problems of
its better known cousin.
Seldom achieves permanence

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This too is detrimental.

People lose opportunity

to learn and then
obviously, cant teach
others.

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But the question is.

Why and how is this continuing ?

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But the question is.

And, can we do away with these ?

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Thanks..

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