FORMULA CARD:

1. PREVALENCE = Number of people with disease at a given point in time / Total

number of people in a population
2. INCIDENCE RATE (IR) = No. of people who develop the disease in one year /
Average number of people in the population in the same year
= No. of people who develop the disease / No. of person-time when people were are
risk of developing the disease
3. CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE = No. of people who develop the disease / No. of
people at risk of developing the disease at the start of the period.
4. CRUDE INCIDENCE AND MORTALITY RATES = Total number of events (ie Death) in
a population / Total population
5. AGE STANDARDISED RATES = (age specific rates x standard population age
category) / Total population
6. RELATIVE RISK = Cumulative incidence exposed group/ Cumulative incidence
unexposed group
7. RISK DIFFERENCE = Incidence exposed Incidence Unexposed
8. RELATIVE RISK REDUCTION = 1 RR

a*d
b*c
9. NNT = 1/ Risk Difference
10. OR =
11. AR = Incidence exposed Incidence unexposed (if negative: Incidence
unexposed Incidence exposed)

INCIDENCEexp osed INCIDENCEun exp osed

INCIDENCE Exposed
12. AF =

AF

RR 1
X 100
RR
13. AF = (OR 1 /OR) X 100

14.

x100

F ( RR 1)
x100
1 F ( RR 1)
15. PAF =
association used

----- replace RR with OR if OR is the measure of

16. Fprevalence = X1/X2 (based on proper positioning of variables in a 2x2 table)

17. Fprevalence= Y1/Y2 (based on proper positioning of variables in a 2x2 table)