Philippine

Spanish
Colonial Era
Squad# 4
Jeremiah Pua, Jeremy Tan,
Aaron Ng, Matt Ibasco,
Jules Marcelino (kIA)

Socio-Economic
Life

Social Classes
Peninsulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in Spain.
Insulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in the Philippines as well.
Ilustrados(The Enlightened Ones) - Wealthy
group of individuals born in the Philippines and
were able to study abroad.
Chinese/Spanish Mestizos - People with mixed
racial origins and economically sufficient.

 Indio - Native/Full-blooded Filipinos.

Sangley - Full-blooded Chinese living in the
Philippines.

Social Pyramid
Peninsulares/
Insulares
Ilustrados
Chinese/Spanish Mestizos
Indio/Sangley

Roman Catholicism in
the Philippines
Magellan's Arrival to the islands of the Philippines mark
the first attempt to convert the Filipinos to Christianity.
This conversion wasreceivedby mixed responses.
Most of the Filipinos received the conversion with open
arms, and were happily converted to Christianity. Some
did not like the conversion, such as Lapu-Lapu.
He did not believe that the Filipinos needed to change,
so he killed Magellan, making him the first ever
Philippine hero.
Thats not to say that Christianity should not have been
spread to our country, because if not, the Philippines
would mostly be a Muslim country

 After Magellan, the Spanish sent Miguel

Lopez de Legaspi to the Philippines, and
he conquered the Muslim settlement in
Manila during 1570.
The religion slowly spread throughout
the Philippines, evident in present
Filipinos, most of whom are Christians.

Spread of Christianity
the
Philippines
Mass in
Baptism
- Baptizing
the Filipinos is very large

groups at once. It is said that the Filipinos

interpreted Baptism as healing, which relies on the
presence of Holy Water.

Reduccion Policy - Moving small groups of Filipino

settlements into one, large town. This was to
regulate the Filipinos, and teach them the basics of
Christianity.
Early Attitude of the Spanish Clergy - early on, the
Spanish clergy was forced to learn the Filipinos'
native language if they want to teach them.
Without Spanish schools, the priests were forced to
say Mass in the Filipinos' native languages.

 Adaptation of Christianity to the local

culture - The Filipinos believed in spirits,
which were responsible for the good,
and bad.
They had statues and altars, all of which
were destroyed by the Spaniards.
They replaced them with Christian
adaptations of their early beliefs, and
used theatrical presentations of Bible
stories to appeal the Filipinos.

Mercantilist System
A economic theory and policy influential
in Europe from the 16th to the 18th
century that called for government
regulation of a nation's economy in
order to increase its power at the
expense of rival nations.
Mercantilism's emphasis on the
importance of gold and silver holdings
as a sign of a nation's wealth and power
led to policies designed to obtain
precious metals through trade

Taxation System
Cedula Tax - A form of taxation
implemented in 1884. This served as a
paper which was used as proof that one
was a colony of Spain and a legitimate
member of a pueblo. Before, Filipinos
and Chinese only had to pay tribute, but
it was revised that all residents of the
Philippines were obliged to pay the
cedula.

Bandala System

A form of direct taxes that the spaniards

implemented in which the natives were
coerced to sell their products to the
government at very low prices.

Kasama System
Under this arrangement, the landowners
supplied the seed and cash necessary to tide
cultivators over during the planting season,
whereas the cultivators provided tools and
work animals and were responsible for onehalf the expense of crop production.
Usually, owner and sharecropper each took
one-half of the harvest, although only after
the former deducted a portion for expenses.

Polo y Servicio
A system of forced labor for 40 days for
men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age
who were obligated to give personal
services to community projects. One
could be exempted from polo by paying
the falla (corruption of the Spanish Falta,
meaning "absence") daily.

 Bahala Na- It comes from the words "Bathala

Na" more or less meaning "Leave It To God' or
"Come What May". It means that we are
defeatist in our attitude to life and we are only
willing to do as much as what is necessary.
Padrino System- It is the value system where
one gains favor, promotion or political
appointment through family affiliation or
friendship, as opposed to one's merit.
Veneration Of Saints- It is the special act of
honoring a saint. It is often shown outwardly
by respectfully bowing or making a sign of the
cross before a saint's icon relics or statues. It
is practiced by Catholic Churches.

 Praying of the Rosary- It is the act of

recalling in a prayerful manner, the life
of Jesus in which it is categorized into
several mysteries, whose names are
according to the emotion during those
periods of Christs life.

Decline of the
Spanish Rule

The Rise of the

Ilustrados

In 1781, the Philippines was now administered

directly from Spain. Developments in and out of the
country helped to bring new ideas to the Philippines.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cut travel
time to Spain. This prompted the rise of the
Ilustrados, an enlightened Filipino upper class, since
many young Filipinos were able to study in Europe.
Enlightened by the Propaganda Movement to the
injustices of the Spanish colonial government and
the "frailocracy", the Ilustrados originally clamored
for adequate representation to the Spanish Cortes
and later for independence.

 Jos Rizal, the most celebrated

intellectual and radical Ilustrado of the
era, wrote the novels Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, which greatly
inspired the movement for
independence.
The Philippine Revolution began in 1896.
Rizal was implicated in the outbreak of
the revolution and executed for treason
in 1896.

The Propaganda
Movement
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892) called for
the assimilation of the Philippines as a province of
Spain so that the same laws will be applied in the
Philippines and that the inhabitants of the
Philippines will experience the same civil liberties
and rights as that of a Spanish citizen.
Men like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena
, and Jose Rizal bombarded both the Spanish and
Filipino public with nationalist literature. Rizal's
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
became the bibles of Philippine nationalism.

 In February 15, 1889, the Filipino

propagandists were able to get together
behind a new publication in Barcelona which
they called La Solidaridad, and which for its
more than five years of its existence became
the principal organ of the propaganda
movement.
It aimed mainly to advocate the Filipino
cause at the Spanish parliament.
As the movement was failing in Europe, Jose
Rizal returned to the Philippines and created
his La Liga Filipina in 1892. It also failed after
his arrest a just few days after the creation of
the group.

The Katipunan
On the night of July 7, 1892, when Rizal was
banished and exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao,
Andrs Bonifacio, a member of the La Liga
Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a house in
Tondo, Manila.
Bonifacio did establish the Katipunan when it
was becoming apparent to anti-Spanish
Filipinos that societies like the La Liga Filipina
would be suppressed by colonial authorities

 The men gathered around a flickering table

lamp, performed the ancient blood compact,
and signed their membership papers with
their own blood.
It was agreed to win more members to the
society by means of the triangle method in
which an original member would take in two
new members who did not know each other,
but knew only the original member who took
them in.
Thus, original member A, for instance, would
take in new members B and C. Both B and C
knew A, but B and C did not know each other.

Declaration of
Independence
In the presence of a huge crowd, independence was
proclaimed on June 12, 1898 between four and five in
the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of
General Emilio Aguinaldo some 30 kilometers South of
Manila.
The event saw the unfurling of the National Flag of the
Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo,
Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the
performance of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the
Nation's National Anthem, now known as Lupang
Hinirang, which was composed by Julin Felipe and
played by the San Francisco de Malabon marching
band.