Tutorial 3

1. What is present in a digital receiver that is not present in an analog receiver?

a) Nothing
b) A detector
c) Thresholding and retiming circuits
d) Amplification circuits
e) Wavelength division multiplexing
2. You find a coupler with four ports and no label on it. You measure the attenuation
from port 1 to the other three ports. The values are: 40 dB to port 2, 3 dB to port 3,
and 3 dB to port 4. What type of coupler do you have?
a) Star coupler with three unequal ports
b) Tree coupler with three unequal ports
c) A directional 2 2 coupler
d) A nondirectional T coupler
e) A broken coupler
3. Consider a point-to-point link connecting two nodes separated by 60 km. This link was
constructed with standard single-mode fiber, and a 2.5 Gb/s system is deployed over
the link. The transmitter uses a directly modulated 1310 nm DFB laser. The receiver
uses perfectly efficient pin photodiodes. It is assumed these receivers can be modeled
as ideal receivers. The bit error rate requirement for this system is 1012 . Assume that
the fiber loss is 0.4 dB/km and NRZ modulation is used.
(a) Is this system loss limited or dispersion limited? Explain your reasoning.
(b) What is the required receiver sensitivity (in mW and dBm)? Hint: BER = 0.5eM .
(c) What would be the required launch power (in dBm)?
4. Consider a 2 2 3-dB coupler. Suppose that the outputs are connected with a piece of
fiber. Assume that the polarizations are preserved through the device. A light signal
is sent in on input port 1. Show that the device acts as a mirror.
5. A 1 20 coupler has output signals of -30 dBm at every port if the input signal is -10
dBm. Determine the couplers loss.
6. A local area network includes 90-10 couplers, which split 10% of the input signal and
deliver it to a local terminal. Suppose that you have 10 of them in series and the input
power is -10 dBm. Determine the power at the output ports of the last coupler.