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Basmati Rice Patent Battle
Basmati Rice Patent Battle
Patent Battle
Intellectual Property
Intellectual property (IP) is a legal concept which refers
to creations of mind for which exclusive rights are
recognized.
Under intellectual property law, owners are granted
certain exclusive rights to their tangible and intangible
assets.
Agriculture IPRs
History:
Intellectual property protection has been extended in the
last 25 years to a wide range of information, materials and
products relevant to food and agriculture. The US Supreme
Court decision in Diamond vs Chakrabarty influenced
national legislation and case law in many jurisdictions,
opening the door for the patentability of living organisms,
including microbes, plants and animals and their parts and
components.
Agriculture IPRs
Plant Breeders Rights (PBR): Plant Breeders' Rights
(PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted
to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give them exclusive
control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings,
divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit,
foliage) of a new variety for a number of years.
Agriculture IPRs
Benefits of Plant Breeders Rights
Agriculture Patent
The main criteria for agriculture patent in PBR
is:
Novelty
Inventiveness (non-obviousness)
Utility
Reproducibility
Patent Number
PP14617
PP8544
PP10451
PP8177
PP12165
Bioprospecting
Bioprospecting is an umbrella term describing the
process of discovery and commercialization of new
products based on biological resources. Bioprospecting
often draws on indigenous knowledge about uses and
characteristics of plants and animals.
Biopiracy
Biopiracy is a situation where indigenous knowledge of
nature, originating with indigenous peoples, is used by
others for profit, without permission from and with little or
no compensation or recognition to the indigenous people
themselves.
Biopiracy Cases
Basmati Rice
Basmati means the queen of fragrance or the perfumed
one.
Origin: Pakistan and India
Indian varieties are Safidon, Haryana, Kasturi (Baran,
Rajasthan), Basmati 198, Basmati 217, Basmati 370,
Kasturi, Mahi Suganda.
Pakistani varieties Basmati 370, Super Basmati, Pak
(Kernal) Basmati, Basmati 386, Basmati 385 and
Basmati 198.
Companys Words
We are absolutely confident in our patent
and viability and legality. There is no basis
for challenging the patent.
Patent Advantage to
RiceTech
RiceTec able to not only call its aromatic rice Basmati
within the US, but also label it Basmati for its exports.
Captures the whole US trade market.
Exclusive use of the term basmati.
Monopoly on breeding 22 farmer-bred Pakistani basmati
varieties with any other varieties in the Western
Hemisphere.
Proprietary rights on the seeds and grains from any
crosses.
Disadvantage of Patent to
India and Pakistan
Economic loses.
Global trade losses.
Both countries lose their global market
share.
Brand Association
Reputation
Market share
Superior features/characteristics
Confusing the customers into buying their
product (Passing Off)
Government of India
Response to Patent
Government of India under severe pressure
from its exporters and farmers logged an appeal
with USPTO.
They submitted the evidence to USPTO.
Government of Pakistan
Response
No official response was given to the situation.
It is speculated that because share of Indian
Basmati is more in International Market, hence,
the more severe response from them.
So do you think Pakistani Government and
Exporters need more education in IPRs?
Result
EXAMPLES OF BIO-PIRACY
1.
2.
FUTURE STEPS
Many countries have national access and benefit sharing
laws; more should follow.
Switzerlands effort to amend the patent law in the right
direction-giving the patent system a human face; worries
of biotech companies unnecessary.
Industry should follow best practices in the meanwhile,
as shown by Novozymes A/S, Denmark.
THANK YOU