PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)

SHEET 40 of 131
Design Columns for the lightest W10's and W12's section. Columns are to be sized for two options:
Option I Continuous, Option II with Splices. Then prices are to be compared to select most economical
option. Both explicit calculations or Column Design Tables may be used.
COLUMN B-2 LOAD TAKEOFF
Dead load (psf)
Penthouse Roof =
30
Penthouse Floor =
100
Roof =
30
rd
3 Floor =
61
2nd Floor =
61

Live load (psf)

20
80
20
80
80

KLL=
Fy (ksi)=

4
50

Bold Numbers are

Roof Live Loads

Tributary Areas (At):

At 1 =
At 2 =

Width (ft)
36
18

At 3 =

Length (ft)
30
15

At 1 - At 2 =

Plan View

1080
270

810
At 1 (floors) :

At 1

DL =

61 psf

LL =

80 psf

At 2 (penthouse floor) :
DL = 100 psf

At 3

30

LL = 80 psf

30

At 2

Penthouse

At 3 (roof) :
DL = 30 psf

36

36

LL = 20 psf

Note: Live load reduction can be applied in accordance with ASCE 7-02 section 4.8.1
(see ASCE 7-02 Eq. 4-1)
L = Lo*(0.25+15/AI^0.5)
ASCE 7-02 Eq. 4-1
Use the larger of:
L = reduced design live load value in psf
L > 0.5*Lo
(columns supporting one floor)
Lo = unreduced live load in psf
L > 0.4*Lo
(columns supporting two or more floors)
AI = influence area
AI = Tributary area *KLL
if AI > 400 ft^2 live load reduction is allowed
AI (1) =
AI (2) =
38
32
psf >
38
32
L (3rd floor) =
psf >
57
40
L (penthouse floor) =
psf >
Note: Roof Live loads are NOT allowed to be Reduced
L (2nd floor) =

Red font indicates user input

4320
1080
psf, thus use =
psf, thus use =
psf, thus use =

>400 ft^2
>400 ft^2
38
38
57

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS
METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES
CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET
Notation:

SHEET 41 of 131

Pn - design compressive strength, kips

Fcr - critical design force
c - width-thickness ratio
Ag - gross area of member, in2
Fy - specified yield strength, ksi
E - modulus of elasticity, ksi
K - effective length factor
l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in
r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

Begin Load Takeoff from roof and proceed downward:

From Ground floor to 2nd floor:
dead loads (psf)

live loads (psf)

Pnth Roof

30

20

Pnth Floor

100

57

Roof

30

20

3 Floor

61

38

2 Floor

61

38

rd

nd

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load]

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) =
Pu (Pnth Floor) =
Pu (Roof) =
Pu (3rd Floor) =
Pu (2nd Floor) =

68
210
68
134
134

psf
psf
psf
psf
psf

* A2 =
* A2 =
* A3 =
* A1 =
* A1 =
sum =

PU =
Note: Use column B2 for ALL Interior Columns.
Red font indicates user input

18
57
55
145
145
421

kips
kips
kips
kips
kips
kips

421

kips

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
SHEET 42 of 131
COLUMN DESIGN
From Ground floor to 2nd floor:
Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD)
may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the
Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal
weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section
selected and its capacity.
Analysis
Pn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr
Fcr = (.658c^2) * Fy when c < 1.5
Fcr = (0.877 / c2) * Fy when c > 1.5
c = (K * L/r) * (Fy / E)0.5

Pu =

421

kips

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27)

(Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Fy =
K=
L=
E=

50
1
13.00
29000

ksi

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

ft
ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start

c =
0.7930
Fcr =
38.4
ksi
Ag =
12.88
in2

LRFD p.4-25
Check
W 12:
Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W12x53
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in
in
in
in

Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W10x49
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in
in
in
in

LRFD p.4-26
Check
W 10:

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS
METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES
CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET
Notation:

SHEET 43 of 131

Pn - design compressive strength, kips

Fcr - critical design force
c - width-thickness ratio
Ag - gross area of member, in2
Fy - specified yield strength, ksi
E - modulus of elasticity, ksi
K - effective length factor
l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in
r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

From Ground 2nd floor to 3rd floor:

dead loads (psf)

live loads (psf)

Pnth Roof

30

20

Pnth Floor

100

57

Roof

30

20

3 Floor

61

38

2 Floor

rd

nd

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load]

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) =
Pu (Pnth Floor) =
Pu (Roof) =
Pu (3rd Floor) =

68
210
68
134

psf
psf
psf
psf

* A2 =
* A2 =
* A3 =
* A1 =

18
57
55
145

kips
kips
kips
kips

sum =

275

kips

275

kips

PU =

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PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
SHEET 44 of 131
COLUMN DESIGN
From Ground 2nd floor to 3rd floor:
Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD)
may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the
Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal
weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section
selected and its capacity.
Analysis
Pn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr
Fcr = (.658c^2) * Fy when c < 1.5
Fcr = (0.877 / c2) * Fy when c > 1.5
c = (K * L/r) * (Fy / E)0.5

Pu =

275

kips

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27)

(Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)
Fy =
K=
L=
E=

50
1
13.00
29000

ksi

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

ft
ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start

c =
0.7930
Fcr =
38.4
ksi
Ag =
8.43
in2

LRFD p.4-25
Check
W 12:
Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W12x40
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in
in
in
in

Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W10x39
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in2
in
in
in

LRFD p.4-26
Check
W 10:

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
METHOD 1 - EXPLICIT CALCULATIONS
METHOD 2 - USE COLUMN DESIGN TABLES
CONTINUOUS - L =13 FEET
Notation:

SHEET 45 of 131

Pn - design compressive strength, kips

Fcr - critical design force
c - width-thickness ratio
Ag - gross area of member, in2
Fy - specified yield strength, ksi
E - modulus of elasticity, ksi
K - effective length factor
l - Laterally unbraced length of member, in
r - governing radius of gyration about the axis of buckling, in

From 3rd floor to roof level:

dead loads (psf)

live loads (psf)

Pnth Roof

30

20

Pnth Floor

100

57

Roof

30

20

3 Floor

2nd Floor

rd

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load]

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) =
Pu (Pnth Floor) =
Pu (Roof) =

68
210
68

psf
psf
psf

* A2 =
* A2 =
* A3 =

18
57
55

kips
kips
kips

sum =

130

kips

130

kips

PU =

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
SHEET 46 of 131
COLUMN DESIGN
From 3rd floor to roof level:
Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD)
may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the
Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal
weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section
selected and its capacity.
Analysis
Pn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr
Fcr = (.658c^2) * Fy when c < 1.5
Fcr = (0.877 / c2) * Fy when c > 1.5
c = (K * L/r) * (Fy / E)0.5

Pu =

130

kips

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27)

(Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Fy =
K=
L=
E=

50
1
13.00
29000

ksi
ft
ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start

c =
0.7930
Fcr =
38.4
ksi
Ag =
3.99
in2

LRFD p.4-25
Check
W 12:
Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W12x26
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in2
in
in
in

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W10x30
#N/A
#N/A
2.16
#N/A

in
in
in
in

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

LRFD p.4-26
Check
W 10:
2

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
From roof level to penthouse:
dead loads (psf)

live loads (psf)

Pnth Roof

30

20

Pnth Floor

Roof

3rd Floor

2 Floor

nd

SHEET 47 of 131

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6*live load]

Pu = [1.2*dead load + 1.6* roof live load]

Pu (Pnth Roof) =

68

psf

* A2 =

18

kips

sum =

18

kips

18

kips

PU =

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
SHEET 48 of 131
COLUMN DESIGN
From roof level to penthouse:
Note: For small axial loads the smallest section from the column design Tables (Table 4-2 LRFD)
may not be the lightest. If this is the case, do explicit calculations and then try a section from the
Table 1-25 LRFD. Use W8x24 as the smallest size (do not use W10s or W12s with a nominal
weight less than 24 lb/ft). If the column tables are used you only need to write down the section
selected and its capacity.
Analysis
Pn = 0.85 * Ag * Fcr
Fcr = (.658c^2) * Fy when c < 1.5
Fcr = (0.877 / c2) * Fy when c > 1.5
c = (K * L/r) * (Fy / E)0.5

Pu =

18

kips

(Equation E2-1 LRFD p.16.1-27)

(Equation E2-2 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-3 LRFD p.16.1-27)
(Equation E2-4 LRFD p.16.1-27)

Fy =
K=
L=
E=

50
1
13.00
29000

ksi

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

KL/rx =
KL/ry =
c =
Fcr =
Pn =
Pn > Pu ?

#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

ft
ksi

Assume KL/r = 60 to start

c =
0.7930
Fcr =
38.4
ksi
Ag =
0.56
in2

LRFD p.4-25
Check
W 12:
Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W8x24
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in
in
in
in

Select
Ag =
ry =
rx/ry =
rx =

W8x24
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A

in
in
in
in

LRFD p.4-26
Check
W 10:

Lab Note: When beams and girders are framed to columns with simple shear connections, the
columns are usually designed as concentrically loaded members.

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
SPLICED vs CONTINOUS

SHEET 49 of 131

Steel Prices per ton =

Wt of additional splice (lb)b =

$1,600
500

W10's
Analysis
Continous:
Member
W10x49
Wt. / ft (lb)=

Length (ft)
52
49

All columns spliced:

Member
Length (ft)
W10x49
13
49
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W10x39
13
39
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W10x30
13
30
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W8x24
13
24
Wt. / ft (lb)=
3
splice =

Weight (tons)
1.274

Cost
$2,038

Total cost =

$2,038

Weight (tons)
0.3185

Cost
$510

0.2535

$406

0.195

$312

0.156

$250

0.75
Total cost =

$1,200
$2,677

TOTAL COST =

Answer:
Continuous columns are more economical

b -- indicates general value according to Modern Steel Construction. April 2000.

$2,038.40

Red font indicates user input

PROJECT: STEEL BUILDING DESIGN CASE STUDY

SUBJECT: INTERIOR COLUMN DESIGN (underneath penthouse)
COLUMN DESIGN
SPLICED vs CONTINOUS

SHEET 50 of 131

Steel Prices per ton =

Wt of additional splice (lb)b =

$1,600
500

W12's
Analysis
Continous:
Member
W12x53
Wt. / ft (lb)=

Length (ft)
52
53

Weight (tons)
1.378
Total cost =

All columns spliced:

Member
Length (ft)
W12x53
13
53
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W12x40
13
40
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W12x26
13
26
Wt. / ft (lb)=
W8x24
13
24
Wt. / ft (lb)=
3
splice =

Cost
$2,205
$2,205

Weight (tons)
0.3445

Cost
$551

0.26

$416

0.169

$270

0.156

$250

0.75
Total cost =

$1,200
$2,687

TOTAL COST =

$2,204.80

Answer:
Continuous columns are more economical

Use :
W10's sections Continuous columns are more economical
Total cost =

b - indicates general value according to Modern Steel Construction, April 2000

$2,038.40

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