ERROR : THE NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION AND THE

UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION
CHRISTOPHER EVAN A
1306396246

ERROR
Error is defined as the difference between the measured value and the true value of
the measurand

Where :
E is the measurement error
(measured) is the value obtained by a measurement
(true) is the true value of the measurand

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Untuk mengukur, hanya dimungkinkan dengan mengambil suatu limit dari error
yang ada.
Cara yang paling umum untuk memperkirakaan limit tersebut dengan
menggunakan Distribusi Normal

Where :

X is the input variable, here the value obtained by a measurement

is the average of the population of the X variable

is the standard deviation of the population

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Standar deviasi

where

Xi is the ith X measurement

N is the number of data points measured from the population

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

N, , and are not known
For an infinite population (N = ), the standard deviation, , would be used to
estimate the expected limits of a particular error with some confidence.
Untuk jumlah data yang besar >30 derajat kebebasan

THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Where :

SX is the standard deviation of the average, the sample standard deviation of the data divided by the

square root of M

SX is the sample standard deviation

X is the sample average, that is,

Where :

Xi is the ith data point used to calculate the sample standard deviation and the average, X, from the data

N is the number of data points used to calculate the standard deviation

(N 1) is the degrees of freedom of S and S

M is the number of data points in the reported average test result

THE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION

Dalam beberapa kasus, kesalahan pada pengukuran bisa juga diasumsikan oleh
uniform distribution atau rectangular distribution menggantikan normal
distribution.
Dengan standar deviasi yang digunakan adalah :

where L is the plus/minus limits of the uniform distribution for a particular error.

THE UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION

Dan untuk kasus yang menggunakan ini, standar deviasi rata-rata dituliskan
sebagai :