Epidemiology and Risk Factors

for Aplastic & Deficiency Anemia

a. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for

Aplastic Anemia
Epidemiology
- incidence of acquired aplastic anemia
varies around the world and range
from 2-6 cases per 1 million
population per year.
- acquired aplastic anemia generally
appears at the age of 15-25 years.
- journey disease in men is also
heavier than females.

 Risk Factors for Aplastic Anemia

- treatment of cancer using high-dose
radiation or chemotherapy
- exposure to toxic chemicals
- the use of some drugs
- autoimmune disorders
- infection

b. Epidemiology and Risk

Factors for Deficiency
Anemia

Epidemiology
Iron deficiency anemia
An estimated 30% of the world population suffer
from anemia and more than 50% of patients
are ADB and especially on infants, school
children, pregnant and lactating mothers.
Research in Indonesia get ADB prevalence in
children under five around 30-40%, in school
children 25-35% whereas the prevalence of
ADB's 1992 Household Health outcomes in
infants by 5.55%.

 Folic acid deficiency anemia

Initial studies were performed Lucy Wills in
1931 stated that folic acid as an essential
nutrient to prevent anemia during
pregnancy.

In the United States, Neural tube defects

occur in 3000 pregnancies each year and
the incidence is decreased by about 50%
during the period 1970 and 1989

Risk Factors for Deficiency

Anemia
iron deficiency anemia
- a diet low in iron
- Such rapid growth in pregnancy
- blood loss
- socio-economic conditions of
inadequate
-bleeding after childbirth

 Folic acid deficiency anemia

- alcoholism
- eat vegetables too ripe
- malnutrition
- in pregnancy

 B12 deficiency anemia

- women who do not consume meat, dairy
products and eggs
- postpartum hemorrhage
- Intake less; diet lacking vitamin B12
- Absorbs disorders: intrinsic factor secretion
failure, failure in the small intestine absorbs
- Impaired transport of vitamin B12
- Disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism