BASIC THEORY

Destilation is a technique which is used on separating liquid on each component.

The point are based on its boiling point differences of material component. Destilation can
be used for purification material which has boiling point differences so it can produces
material that has a high purification level.
There are some technique of separating on using destilation, One of it are simple
destilation. A set of simple destilationwhich compound on round bottom flask, condenser,
thermometer, Erlenmeyer, heater. The other tools are supposed to be a support are statif
and klem, adaptor, hose which connected on to condensor, the place where water are come
and gone.
Laboratory display of distillation:
1. Water batch
2. A round bottom flask
3. Vigreux
4. Thermometer/Boiling point temperature
5. Liebig condenser
6. Cooling water in
7. Cooling water out
8. Distillate flask
9. Vacuum/gas inlet
10. Adaptor

The function of each tool is a round bottom flask as a storage container for the
sample which will be distilled.Condensorcan be used to cool the steam distillate which
passes through the condenser, so it becomes a liquid.Condensers are used using water
cooling.The incoming water from the bottom and come out on top,because if the water
comes (incoming) from the top of the water in the condenser, cooled process will not fill
up condensor volume. So it can not be used to cool the steam that flows through the
condenser. Therefore the ingress of water in the condenser must be from the bottom, so
that the condenser will be filled with water, it can be used to cool the components of a
substance that passes through the condenser of intangible vapor into liquid.The
thermometer is used to monitor the temperature in the distillation process so that the
temperature can be controlled according to the desired temperature to obtain a pure
distillate.Erlenmeyer as a container to receive the distillate obtained from the distillation
process. Pipe connector (adapter) is used to connect between the condenser and the
erlenmeyer, so that the volatile liquid distillate accomodated in the erlenmeyer and will not
evaporate out during the distillation process takes place. Water batch is used to heat the
sample contained in a round bottom flask. stative and clamps used to hold the parts of a
simple distillation apparatus.