5

GUIDED BY Dr.P.RAJKUMAR –HOD(F&PE),AEC&RI,KUMULUR.

PRESENTED BY A.KAVINESH -034 K.KEERTHIKA-035 C.KOWSALYA-036
N.KURINCHIMURUGAN-037 R.MAHANATHI-040
MANJULA-041 MEERA-042
 CONTENTS
 STERILIZATION
 RETORT
 MACHINERY & UTILITIES OF RETORT PROCESSING
 RETORT OPERATION
 TYPES OF RETORT
 RETORT POUCH
 RETORT POUCH STYLES
(contd……)
 CONTENTS
 CHARACTERISTIC OF RETORT POUCH

 CONSTRUCTION OF RETORT POUCH

 POUCH LAYERS AND ITS FUNCTIONS

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RETORT POUCH

 PRODUCT PACKED IN RETORT POUCH

 ADVANTAGES OF RETORT PACKAGING

STERILIZATION
 Sterilization is the thermal process for complete
destruction of all micro organism at above
100°C.

Types of sterilized Products:

• Retorted
• Aseptically packaged
RETORT
 Retort is a closed chamber that can withstand high
temperature and pressure.
 Sterilization is carried out in retort at 121°C for 7
mins.
RETORT
MACHINERY & UTILITIES OF RETORT
PROCESSING
MACHINERY
 Automatic Filling Machine

 Band Sealer

 Canning Seamer

 Cartoner

 Check Weigher
 MACHINERY & UTILITIES OF RETORT
PROCESSING (contd..)
UTILITIES

 Air Compressor
 Blower Web
 Exhaust Pipes
 Boiler
 RETORT OPERATION
 Containers are loaded into the chamber.

 The retort lid is sealed.

Venting stage

 Air trapped inside the retort is removed prior processing.

 if air is present at a given pressure the temperature inside
the retort will be lower than that attained by steam alone.

 A mixture of air and steam may stratify leading to cool

spots where there is air.
RETORT OPERATION (cont..)

 This mixture is a less efficient heat transfer medium than

steam alone.

 Air in the retort cuts down the heat penetration of steam

by insulating the cans and can accelerate external

corrosion
 RETORT OPERATION (cont..)
.

 When venting is completed, the venting valve

closes and pressure begins to build up in the retort.

 When process temperature is reached, the

thermometer and pressure gauge readings must
agree.
 RETORT OPERATION(cont..)
Pressure range in retort operation:
 High acid foods (pH less than 4.5) are usually
processed at low pressures of around 34kpa.

 Low acid foods (pH greater than 4.5) are

processed at 73 or 103kpa
 RETORT OPERATION (cont..)
 The time from when the steam is turned on to when the
process temperature is reached is the come-up time.

 Once this has finished, the process begins.

 Process time is from the end of the come-up time to the
commencement of cooling.
 During cooling, the steam is turned off and water is added
to the retort immediately to prevent overcooking.
 RETORT OPERATION (cont..)

Cooling:
There are two methods of cooling;
 for small cans at temperatures less than 116°C, atmospheric
cooling may be used.

 for large cans (with a diameter greater than 6cm) are processed
at temperatures greater than 116°C, pressure cooling is used.
 RETORT OPERATION (cont..)

 In pressure cooling, the pressure around the containers is

maintained by compressed air during the addition of water.

The water addition causes the steam to condense and the

pressure outside the package drops suddenly.

 As the internal pressure inside the container does not drop

until the contents cool, steam distortion may occur if the

external pressure is not kept high.

OVERVIEW RETORT OPERATION-FROM PRODUCTION TO CASING
 TYPES OF RETORT
Batch type
In batch systems, the retort is filled with product,
closed, and then put through a processing cycle.

Batch retorts are available in a number of

configurations for various applications, including
static, rotary, steam heated, and water heated with

or without
air
Continuous type
In continuous retorting systems, containers are
continuously fed into and out of the retort.
 Batch type Continuous type
 Steam retort  Hydro static retort
 Steam and air retort  Turbo cooler
 Water spray retort  Pallet steriliser
 Fully water  Steri flame retort
immersed retort  Flash 08 process
 Crate less retort
 Agitating retort
 STEAM RETORT
 Loading the sealed containers into the retort, bringing the
retort up to a temperature of around 100°C
 Allowing steam to pass through the vessel into the
atmosphere for sufficient time so that all air in the retort and
in between the cans is removed (venting) before the retort is
finally brought up to the operating pressure and processing
temperature.
 At the end of the processing time, the steam is turned off,
and a mixture of cooling water and air is introduced into the
retort to cool the cans.
 The purpose of the air is to maintain the pressure in the
retort following the condensation of the residual steam after
the initial introduction of cooling water.
 STEAM/AIR RETORT
 Sterilization is through introduction of steam
 In steam/air processing, heat is supplied primarily from the
latent heat of condensing steam, in contrast to sensible heat
transfer in superheated water systems.
 A fan circulates the steam to provide uniform heating
 Suitable for multiple package types
 Packages are cooled with recirculated water
 WATER SPRAY RETORT
 Uses pump to force super heated water (>121°C)
throughout the vessel
 Nozzles provide very uniform heating pattern
 FULL WATER IMMERSION RETORT

 Water is heated in a vessel above the cook

chamber to 133°C
 Super‐heated water is used to immerse packages
A circulation pump is used to ensure proper heat
distribution
 CRATELESS RETORT SYSTEMS
 The crateless retort is filled with water, which acts
as a cushion for cans filled from an automatic
conveyor.
 After loading the cans a hydraulic lid is closed.
 Steam is admitted through the top opening and this
forces the water out of the retort through the bottom
opening.
 The hot water can be recycled in another retort or in
the next cycle.
 After processing, cooling water is let in through the
bottom and is discharged through overflow
 AGITATING RETORT
 Some retorts agitate the cans during processing in
order to increase the rate of heat penetration into the
cans.
 Agitation is useful for products which are too viscous
to heat or cool by natural convection.
 By using agitation, the process time may be reduced
by up to 80%.
 Mixing is largely due to the movement of the
headspace during agitation and to be effective there
must be a sufficiently large headspace inside the can.
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE RETORT
Hydrostaticcookers are continuous pressure cookers in
which the operating pressure is maintained by water
pressure.

 Hydrostatic cookers have two components:

water chambers and steam chambers.

•The temperature of the steam in the steam chamber is

controlled by pressure produced by the water legs and can
be regulated by moving the level of water in the leg.
 In the lower part of this leg, the water temperature
reaches about 100°C
In the steam chamber, the can is exposed to a
temperature of 115°C–130°C, the steam temperature
being set to suit the product undergoing sterilization.
Upon leaving the steam chamber, the can again
goes through a water seal into water at a temperature
of about 107°C where the cooling cycle commences,
under pressure.
 FLAME STERILISATION RETORT

 Infrared radiation as an indirect heat source was

developed into flame sterilizers/cookers.
 Flame sterilization involves heating cans by
passing them over a gas flame.
 The can will reach 116°C in a few minutes.
 The entire operations of preheat, process to 130°C,
hold and cool takes 12 minutes.
 The process is limited to low viscosity
liquids or solids.
 RETORT POUCH
 A retort pouch is a type of food packaging made from
a rectangular laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils,
four side hermetically sealed pouch.

 It allows the sterile packaging of a wide variety of

foods and drinks handled by aseptic processing, and is
used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning

methods.
RETORT POUCH (contd..)
Packaged foods range from
• Water to fully cooked
• Thermo-stabilized high caloric meals
such as Meals

• Ready-to-Eat
• MREs which can be eaten cold and
warmed by submersing in hot water,
RETORT POUCHES
CHARACTERISTIC OF RETORT POUCH

 Low gas permeability (oxygen)

 Low moisture permeability

 Low hydrophilic properties

 Heat sealable and sterilizable

 Constructed of appropriate material.

 High barrier structure for thermal processing.

 Light-weight, shelf stable, cost saving alternative to
metal cans.
CHARACTERISTIC OF RETORT POUCH(contd…)

 Physical strength to resist physical abuse during processing.

 Absence of solvent residues.

 Bonding materials for the laminates must not migrate into
the foods.

 Resistant to penetration by fats, oils and other food

components.

 Straight-tear technology to ensure clean and easy opening.

 CONSTRUCTION OF RETORT
POUCH
 A retort pouch is constructed from a flexible metal
plastic laminate that is able to withstand the thermal
processing used for sterilization
 Retort pouch is a 3-ply laminate consisting mainly
made of
• PE film (Polyester)
• Aluminum foil
• PP film (Polypropylene) with adhesive material
CONSTRUCTION OF RETORT
POUCH
 LAYERS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
 Polyester (PE)

• Provides a gloss and rigid layer

• Withstand to high processing temperature

• Resistance to transportation and storage

• Good printing property

 Aluminum (Al)

• Provides a barrier to 𝑂2, C𝑂2, and water vapor

• Extend the shelf life of product

 LAYERS AND ITS FUNCTIONS
 Food-grade cast polypropylene (CPP)

• Heat sealing integrity

• Flexibility and strength
• Odourless and withstand to high temperature
 Polyethylene

• Used instead of PP as a sealing and bonding layer

 Nylon (bi-oriented polyamide)

• Provides puncture resistance

ADVANTAGES OF RETORT POUCH
• Offer good shelf life
• Doesn’t require freezing or refrigeration for
• storage
• Easy to open
• Require less storage space
• Easy to dispose
• Reconstitution of products in pouch can be
• done quickly by dipping in hot water for 5
• minutes.
DISADVANTAGES OF RETORT POUCH
 Filling rate is low (30-60 pouch/min) as
compared to other

 Thermal processing is more complicated and

requires special provision of overhead pressure

 Require overwrapping of paper carton which

increase the cost

 High initial capital investment.

PRODUCT PACKED IN RETORT POUCH

Fruit products
 Peach slice (at 37°C, 4 month) pH = 4
 Mango pulp (at 20-25° C, 4 month)
 Pouches are made from laminate of PE/ AL Foil
EVA.
PRODUCT PACKED IN RETORT POUCH

Vegetables Products
 High rate of ascorbic acid degradation in pouches.
e.g. green bean
 Retention of thiamine and riboflavin in
Sweet potato
 Leaching of vitamin-c and calcium can be
avoided in food product by controlling the fluid
content.
PRODUCT PACKED IN RETORT POUCH
Meat/Fish/Poultry Products:
 It has been suitable for the Packaging of fish
based product.
 Best suitable for meat product.
 Not suitable where high degree of oxygen
permeability required.
 QUALITY OF RETORT FOOD
 Safety - should be free from chemical additives
and preservatives

 High Nutritional value – proteins, fat, vitamins,

carbohydrate, minerals etc.

 Good Taste
QUALITY OF RETORT FOOD(contd..)

 Food Appeal – is the sum of sensory characteristics:

appearance, flavor, smell and texture.

 Suitability and Consumer Value: - freshness, shelf

stability, suitability for the intended purpose and

convenience.

 Reasonable price.
ADVANTAGES OF RETORT PACKAGING
 Pouch laminates permits less chance to overcook during the
retorting thus product having better color, texture & less
nutrients loss.
 It requires less energy for sterilization.
 It requires less disposal & storage space.
 Low oxygen & moisture permeability.
 Shelf stable for longer time & requires no
refrigeration.
 Sun light barrier, light weight, easy to open.