Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Somaliland
Hagaha Maalgashiga
Somaliland
Fursadaha iyo Shuruudaha
2013 2014
www.SomalilandInvest.net
2013 - 2014
XUSITAAN:
Samaynta Hagaha Maalgashiga ee Somaliland 2013-2014 wuxu ka dhashay iskaashi. Wasaarada Ganacsiga iyo Maalgashiga iyo Xukuumada Somaliland waxay
u mahad celinayaan dhammaan Wasaaradaha, hayadaha iyo baadhayaashii lugta
ku lahaa sida Rugta Ganacsiga, Wasaaradaha Wershedaha iyo Beeraha; Wasaarada Qorshaynta Qaranka; Wasaarada Arrimaha Dibada iyo Hayada Qurba-Joogta;
Wasaarada Beeraha; Wasaarada Xannaanada Xoolaha; Wasaarada Macdanta iyo
Tamarta; Wasaarada Kalluumaysiga; Wasaarada Arrimaha Gudaha; Jaamacada
Camuud; Hayada Tababarada iyo Baadhista (TRG) iyo AIMS.
Waxa kaloo ay dawladu uga mahad celinaysaa hayada Maraykanka u qaabilsan horumarka caalamiga ah, ee USAID, taageerada dhaqaale ee ay ka geysatay
hawlgelinta iyo soo saarista Hagaha Maalgashiga.
Afeef:
Qorayaashu qodobada ay halkan ku qoreen ma aha kuwo metelaya aragtida Hayada
Maraykanka u qaabilsan Horumarka Caalamiga ah ee USAID ama Dawlada Maraykanka.
Hagaha Maalgashiga Somaliland waxa kale oo laga helayaa shebekada internet ka:
www.SomalilandInvest.net oo leh luqadaha Ingiriisiga iyo Soomaaliga.
Maxjarka xoolaha lagu baadho ee ku yaala Berbera waxa lagu baadhaa xoolaha oo lagu
siiyaa shahaado caafimaad inta aan la dhoofin.
HAGAHA MAALGASHIGA
Jaantuuska guud
V
VI
VII
III
somaliland
05. QAYBTA TAMARTA
LIFAAQYADA
125. Liiska Qiimaynta
126. Kala Horaysiin, Xadidaad iyo Mamnuucid
126. Halka laga Helayo Macluumad Dheeraad ah
127. Fasaxyada Guud
128. Xiliga Shaqada
IV
FARIINTA
MADAXWAYNAHA JAMHUURIYADA SOMALILAND
Xukuumada Somaliland aad bay sharaf ugu tahay inay bilowdo Hagaha Maalgelineed (Investment
Guide) oo ah kii ugu horeeyay ee Somaliland yeelato. Abuurida hagaha oo isugu jira buugan
iyo kan bogga internetka wuxu tusayaa dadwaynaha Somaliland gudo iyo dibadba iyo waliba
dadka shisheeyaha ah in Somaliland ay tahay mid u furan ganacsiga. Tani sidoo kale waxay
muujinaysaa gaadhitaanka horumarka ee aynu samaynay inagoo kasoo gudubnay colaad iyo
xasilooni dari una gudubnay horumar koriin dhaqaale oo waara.
Hagahu wuxuu soo koobayaa habka loo maal-gashanayo Somaliland, wuxuuna bixinayaa xog
iyo macluumaad ku saabsan fursadaha maalgashi ee waaxyaha wax soo saarka leh ee Somaliland
dhexdeeda sida; xoolaha, beeraha, tamarta iyo kalluumaysiga.
Xukuumadaydu waxay diyaar u tahay inay soo jiidato maal-gashiga loogu baahanyahay dib u
dhiska iyo koboca dhaqaale si loo abuuro fursado dhaqaale iyo kuwa shaqo iyadoo u jeedaduna
tahay in laga qayb-qaato in la gaadho horumar iyo koboc dhaqaale oo waara. Si himiladaa loo
rumeeyo dawladayda waxa ka goan inay abuurto jawi ganacsiyo oo dhiirigalinaya hal-abuur
cusub oo dar-dar galinaya xidhiidhada maxaliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah si loo balaadhiyo
fursadaha ganacsi, iyadoo isla markaana la xaq dhawrayo lana ilaalinayo hantida maalgaliyayaasha.
Waxaan u hanbalyaynayaa Wasaarada Ganacsiga iyo Maalgashiga iyo Wasaaradaha kale,
hayadaha, cilmi baadhayaasha, kuwaas oo taageero ay ka heleen USAID dartii, soo saaray
Hagahan Maalgashi ee aadka loogu baahnaa.
FARIINTA
WASIIRKA GANACSIGA IYO MAALGASHIGA
Bulshada reer Somaliland waxay ka marag kacayaan horumarka weyn ee la sameeyey 20kii sano ee la is maamulayey.
Nabadii waxa la soo celiyey ka dib markii dadaal aynu leenahay loo sameeyey, waxa la hirgeliyey hanaan
dimuqraadiyadeed kaas oo suurogeliyey shan doorasho oo u dhacay si guuli ku dheehantahay kuwaas oo isugu jirey
tii Madaxweynaha, Baarlamaanka iyo Dawladaha hoose; waxa kale oo dhacday in la asaasay ciidamo tababaran oo
amniga adkeeya kana hortaga argagaxisada iy danbiyada abaabulan. Haddaba haddii dhidibada loo taagay arrimahaas
imika waxa la gaadhay wakhtigii hore loo sii wadi lahaa horumarkaa la gaadhay iyada oo la isticmaalayo maalgalin
shisheeye si loo kobciyo koriinka dhaqaalaha iyo shaqo abuurka.
Somaliland waxay kordhisay kala shaqaynta dhaqaalaha wadamada dibeda haday tahay gobolka iyo meelo kaleba.
Itoobiya waxay Somaliland kula jirtaa wada hadalo ku saabsan sidii loo wada geli lahaa wax wada qabsi qoto dheer
oo ah kii ugu horeeyey ee ay labada dal wada yeeshaan. Jabuuti waxay si wayn u maalgalisay dhaqaalaha Somaliland,
waxaana ka mida maalgashiga shirkada Coca-Cola oo ku kacay lacag ku dhow $15 million oo dollar. Somaliland
waxay isticmaashaa hab diblamaasiyadeed si ay u fududayso una caawiso maalgashiga shisheeye ee tooska ah oo ka
imanaya Turkiga, Emaaraadka Carabta, Masar iyo China iyo waaxyaha muhiimka ah ee dhaqaalaha Somaliland sida
xoolaha iyo kalluumaysiga.
Waxa mahad leh sida loo adkeeyey maamulka maaliyada dawlada ee loo kordhiyey dakhliga cashuuraha iyo ilaalinta
lagaga soo horjeedo musuq maasaqa. Miisaaniyada qaranka ee sanadkan 2013 waxay tahay miisaaniyadii ugu
balaadhnayd uguna dheelitirnayd ee taarikhda Somaliland. Waxa kale oo jirta inaan dawlada wax dayn ah lagu
lahayn. Caruurtayadu waxay helaan waxbarashada hoose oo bilaasha; waxaanu kordhinay adeegyada caafimaadka,
biyo gaadhsiinta magaalooyinka iyo miyigaba; iyo shirkadaheena mobile ka lacagta lagu diro iyo xawilaaduhu waxay
inoo ogolaadeen inuu ganacsigeenu si weyn u fido.
Dhoofinta xooluhu waxay ka yihiin ilaa 60% dakhliga dalka soo gala, inta ugu badana waxa la geeyaa xoolaheena
wadamada gacanka, lakiin waxa jirta suurtagalnimo baladhan oo Somaliland ku kasban karto saami suuqyo kale oo
caalami ah iyo marxalado kala duwan oo leh qiimo isku xidhnaaneed. Waxaan leenahay waaxda kalluumaysiga taas
oo wax soo saarkeeda joogtada ah sannadkii lagu qiyaaso 40,000 oo tan. Iyadoo la isticmaalayo tegnoolajiyo casri
waxa la beeray geed abaareed waxa kale oo la sameeyey tababaro wax ku oola iyo cilmi baadhis taas oo kor u kicin
karta beeraha. Kaydka Somaliland ee saliida qaydhin, gaasta iyo dhuxul dhagaxdu wuxuu soo jiitay dareenka
maalgashadayaal caalamiga ah, heshiisyana waxaa lala gaadhay shirkadaha, Genel, DNO, Ophir iyo qaar kale si
loogu siiyo fasax shidaal baadhis iyo soo saaris. Heshiisyadani waxay tusayaan malgashadayaasha awooda kalsoonida
ay ku qabaan xasiloonida wadankeena.
Waxa kale oo ay ka jiraan fursado balaadhani tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxa la bilaabayaa mashaariic tijaabo
ah oo ku saabsan tamarta laga curiyo hawada iyo qorraxda waxana la habaynayaa toosinta xeerarka oo hore loogu
yiqiin debec laaan si kor loogu qaado maalgashiga. Jawi maalgashi oo midaysan ayay abuurtay wasaarada ganacsiga
iyo maalgashigu taasi oo lagu fududaynayo diwaangalinta ganacsiga. Muhiimada sharci dajinta sida sharciga
maalgashiga shisheeye, sharciga habka dhaqaalaha islaamka, xeerka tamarta dabka iyo xeerka ganacsiga bangiyada
oo la ansixiyey ama hadda uun baarlamaanka la hordhigayo ayaa muujinaya dibu habayntaas.
Somaliland waxay qaaday talaabooyin badan oo ay ku abuurayso soo jiidashada maalgashiga, waxana ka mid ah
samaynta Qaybta Jawiga Maalgashiga si loo sahlo diiwaangelinta. Laakiin caqabada ugu weyn ee ka hor timid waa
aqoon darada bulshada caalamku aanay ogayn nabada iyo xasiloonida Somaliland iyo awooda dhaqaale, Somaliland
horumar wayn ayay samaysay oo ay tahay in maalgashadayaashu xaqiiqsadaan arintaa.Dawladayadu waxay diyaar
u tahay soona dhawaynaysaa in maalgashadayaashu yimaadaan ayna arkaan fursadaha dihin ee aan hore loo taaban
VI
MILICSIGA GUUD
EE SOMALILAND
Magaca
Badka
Caasimada
Dhererka Xeebta
Tirada Dadweynaha
Tirada Dadka
Magaalooyinka ku nool
Jamhuuriyada Somaliland
137,600 Km2
Hargeisa
850 Km
3.5 Million
1.6 Million
Lacagta
GDP
Dakhliga Dadka
Sarifka
Istandarka Wakhtiga
Somaliland Shillings
US $1.5 Billion
US $429
1 US$: 6500 Sl Sh
GMT+3
Diin
Xaddiga aan wax qorin
Luuqada
Madaarada
Dakada
Magaalooyinka
Waaweyn
Sunni Islam
43%
Somali, Arabic and English
Hargeisa & Berbera
Berbera
Burao, Borama, Berbera,
Laasnood and Erigabo
VII
2013 - 2014
1 / HORDHAC
GUUD MAR
Jamhuuriyada Somaliland waxay ku
taalaa Geeska Afrika xuduudaheeduna
waxay kala yihiin sidan: Gacanka
Cadmeed ayaa ka xadeeya waqooyiga,
koonfur iyo koonfur bari waxaa ka
xadeeya Somaliya, galbeed iyo koonfur
waxa ka xadeeya Itoobiya waxaana xaga
waqooyi galbeed ka xadaysa Jamhuuriyada
Jabuuti. Waxay dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa
loolka 8 00 iyo 11 27 waqooyi iyo
dhigta 42 35 iyo 49 00 bari, waxaana
ku yaala dhanka bari ee wadanka buuro
dhererkoodu gaadho 2000 mitir. Badka
dhulka Somaliland waxaa lagu qiyaasaa
137,600 km, dhererka xeebtiisuna waxay
gaadhaa 850 km, cimilo ahaan Somaliland
waa oomane ama oomane u eke.
Dhulka Somaliland wuxuu u qaybsamaa
saddex qaybood juquraafi ahaan: dhul
xeebeed (Guban), dhul buureed (Oogo)
iyo dhul siman (Hawd). Guban waxay
dhacdaa inta u dhexaysa Badda iyo
silsilada buuraha ee Golis, waa dhul
dhuuban isla markaana aad u kulul. Guban
xaga bari way usoo yaraataa xaga
galbeedna way usii balaadhataa. Silsilada
buuraha Golis waxay dhererantahay laga
soo bilaabo koonfurta Guban ilaa xeebta
waqooyi ee dalka , Silsiladan buurta ugu
dheeri waa buurta Surad oo dhererkeeda
lagu qiyaaso ilaa 2,633 m (7000 ft) marka
Eritrea
400'0"E
450'0"E
500'0"E
550'0"E
Djibouti
Djibouti
100'0"N
100'0"N
Hargeysa
Addis Ababa
Somaliland
Ethiopia
50'0"N
50'0"N
Somalia
Mogadishu
Kenya
00'0"
Nairobi
Tanzania
11
60
100
120
180
200
400'0"E
300
240
300 Miles
00'0"
400 Kilometers
450'0"E
500'0"E
550'0"E
DADKA
Tirada dadka Somaliland waxaa guud
ahaan lagu qiyaasaa 3 Milyan iyo Badh
(3.5 Million). Inta badan (50%) waxa ay
ku noolyihiin miyiga iyaga oo ah xoola
dhaqato iyo beeralay, 35% waxay ku
noolyihiin magaalada halka 15% ay yihiin
qurba jog ku nool badi qaaradaha Yurub
iyo Waqooyi Ameerika. Sidoo kale
bilowgii 1980kii tiro badan oo reer
Somaliland ah ayaa magangelyo ka
raadsaday meelo badan oo aduunka ah,
sidoo kale tiro wax ku ool ah ayaa degan
Veterinarians and lab technicians at a newly opened livestock fattening facility in Burao.
1 | Hordhac
1
Capacity Needs Assessment for Economic Actors in Somaliland, UNDP Commissioned Research Conducted by ECOTRA, May, 2011, Somaliland.
12
TAARIIKH
Somaliland waxa ay dhul mareenadii hore
ugu yeedhi jireen si aan kala duwanayn
dhulkii Cawaanka, Punt land, Xeebtii
Fooxa lahayd iyo Dhulkii Uduga. Magaalo
xeebeedyada sida Berbera iyo Saylac
taariikh ahaan waxaa lagu noolaa ilaa
qarnigii 1aad ee taariikhda miilaadiga.
Qoraal la magac baxay Periplus of the
Erythraean Sea oo uu qoray ganacsade
Giriig ah ayaa muujinaya in dadka reer
Somaliland ee deganaa magaalo
xeebeedyadaasi ay xidhiidh ganacsi la
lahaayeen Masaarida, Shiinaha,
Iiraaniyiinta, Hindida iyo Carabta.
Waxyaabaha ay ka ganacsan jireen waxaa
ka mid ahaa Beeyada, Fooxa, Xawaashka,
Malmalka, Fool-maroodiga iyo Xabagta.
Qarnigii 2aad xidhiidhka ganacsi ee
dadka Somaliland iyo carabtu aad ayuu
u xoogaystay.
13
sameeyeen wax la
Jamhuuriyada Somalia.
odhan
jiray
The famous Las Geel cave paintings, located between Berbera and Hargeisa, are estimated
to be over 5,000 years old. They continue to attract attention from tourists and
archeologists worldwide.
1 | Hordhac
14
HORUMARKA DHAQANDHAQAALE
Marka la eego dhinaca horumarka dhaqandhaqaale, Somaliland laguma sheegin
war-bixinta Qaramada midoobay
laanteeda horumarinta ee UNDP soo
saarto ee loo yaqaan Warbixinta
Horumarka Baniaadamka (Human
Development Report) sababtuna waxay
tahay Somaliland oon weli haysan ictiraaf
caalami ah ka dawlad ahaan. Haddana,
taasi soomaliland kamay hor joogsan inay
ahaato mid nabdoon, xasilan isla markaana
haysata dawlad dhexe oo la soo doortay
si fiican u shaqaysa. Intaas waxa dheer
inay hirgalisay hanaanka xisbiyada badan
iyo weliba inay ka jiraan ururada bulshada
oo si wax ku ool ah u shaqeeya. Marka
la eego wadan hadda uun ka soo
doogsaday xasilooni daro iyo dagaalo
isla markaana aan helin caawimo caalami
ah haddana xukuumadahii kala danbeeyay
ee Somaliland waxay ku guulaysteen, si
kala duwan, inay aasaasaan maamul
shaqeeyay, kor u qaadeen nabada iyo
heshiisiinta dadka Somaliland waxaanay
suurta galiyeen masrax ku haboon
horumarka bulsho iyo koboca dhaqaale.
10%
25%
15
WAAXYAHA/
QAYBAHA
Wadooyinka
In la horumariyo waiyo Gaadiidka dada dekada Berbera
ka timaada; In la abuuro
heer amni oo wadooyinku yeeshaan, in la
horumariyo dayactirka
wadooyinka lana dayactiro wadooyinkii jiray, in
la dhiso wadooyin cusub
oo muhiim ah.
Boosta iyo
In la abuuro cabirka
Isgaadhsiinta maaraynta is gaadhsiinta, la suurogaliyo
is-dhexgalka mobilada,
in la dhiso habkii boosta
iyo kaabayaasha kale ee
isgaadhsiinta.
Cilmiga
isgaadiinta Kumbuyuutarada
iyo Internetka
Dekadaha
In la balaadhiyo shaqada
dekada, in la sameeyo
marso (terminal) gaar u
ah koontiinarada, in la
aasaaso goob ganacsi oo
xor ah, in la qodo goob
la joojiyo maraaakiibta
waawayn lana helo qalabka dekada wax lagaga
qaado ama lagu dhigo.
KAABAYAASHA
Horumarinta kaabayaasha dhaqaale waa
siyaasada ugu mudan ee Somaliland u
marayso koboca, dib u dhiska iyo horumar
waara. Xukuumadu si wanaagsan ayay u
fahansantahay arintaa waxaanay isku
dayaysaa inay abuurto jawi ku haboon
maalgashiga iyo wax soo saarka isla
markaana ku dhisan kaabayaal la isku
halayn karo si loo gaadho koboc dhaqaale
iyo horumar. Khibrada Somaliland ee
tobankii sano ee u danbeeyay ayaa noo
sheegaysa in koboca dhaqaale iyo
horumarkuba ku xidhan yahay helitaanka
kaabayaasha dhaqaale ee wadanka oo
dhan. Run ahaantii, waxaa jira wadanka
fikrad la isku wada raacsanyahay oo ah
baahida loo qabo in la dhiso kaabayaasha
si loo abuuro shaqooyin loona horumariyo
koboca dhaqaale iyo sinaanta
muwaadiniinta. Kaabayaasha ugu
muhiimsan in wax laga qabto waxa ka
mid ah: wadooyinka, guriyaynta,
waxbarashada,
caafimaadka,
FURSADAHA
MAALGASHI
16
Maalgashiga
Tobankii sano ee u danbeeyay maalgashiga
Somaliland si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u
kordhayay gaar ahaan maalgashiga
qurbajooga Somaliland. Sidoo kale waxaa
jira danayn ugub ah oo maalgashadayaal
kalena danaynayaan tii ugu cadaydna
tahay warshada Coca-Cola ee sanadkii
hore wadanka laga furay.
Iyadoo ay ugu wacantahay goobta
istraatiijiga ah ee ay ku taalo ee u
dhaxaysa geeska afrika iyo iyo bariga
dhexe iyo weliba dhererka xeebta
Somaliland ee gaadhaysa 850 km iyo
dekada Berbera iyo guud ahaan
Somaliland ee ku sifowday mid amnigeedu
xooganyahay, Somaliland waxay awood
u leedahay in ay ka hirgasho koboc
dhinaca suuqa xorta ah, fududaynta
ganacsiga, noqotona wadada taraansitka
ee wadamada geeska, bariga iyo
badhtamaha Africa.
Tani waa sababta Wasaarada Ganacsiga
iyo Maalgashigu iyada oo la kaashanaysa
rugta ganacsiga Somaliland ay u soo
saartay Hagaha Maalgashiga Somaliland
kaasoo loogu talogalay inuu macluumaad
ku saabsan wadanka, dadka, ganacsiga,
amniga wadanka IWM uu siiyo
maalgashadayaasha. Shaki kuma jiro in
17
BAAXADA SUUQA
GANACSI IYO GALAANGALKIISA
Tirada dadka Somaliland waxaa lagu
qiyaasaa 3.5 milyan iyaga oo dakhliga
dadkana (GDP per capita) lagu qiyaasay
ilaa $429, tani waxay sheegaysaa korodh
xaga dakhliga ah $290 oo ay 2003 kii
maraysay, korodhkan waxaa loo
nisbaynayaa xasiloonida iyo nabada oo
keentay koboc dhaqaale. Dada u
dhaxaysa 15-64 ayaa ah inta shaqaysa
ama shaqayn karta, marka loo eego
warbixinta Baanka Adduunka 2011 dadka
dadaa ihi waxay ka yihiin bulshda 56.4%,
tani waxay noqonaysaa 1.6 million tirada
guud ee ahayd 3.5 milyan dadka
WAAXO
FURSADAHA MAAALGASHI
Bangiyada
iyo Maaliyadae
Beeraha
Xoolaha
Kalluumaysiga
In lagu sameeyo kayd kalluumaysi biyaha soke ee xeebteena; in la dhiso suuq kalluun; in la sameeyo dariiqada
ugu wacan ee kalluunka lagu
keeno suuqa; in loo raadiyo
suuq cusub kalluunka.
Warshadaha
Tamarta
1 | Hordhac
18
Dhoofinta
19
Qodida Shidaalka
Waaxda kale ee muhiimka ah in la
maalgashado taas oo isubadali karta
mustaqbalka dhaqaale wada gaadha
wadankan waxay tahay qodida macdanta
oo ay ku jiraan saliida iyo gaastu, iyo
waliba dhuxul dhagaxda oo si fudud lagu
soo saari karo. Iyadoo la eegayo indha
indhaynta iyo baadhis lagu sameeyay ayaa
dhawr sano ka hor la ogaaday in qaybo
badan oo dhulkeena ah laga heli karo
shidaal iyo gaasba, qaar ka mida
baadhitaankaas waxaa shaaca laga qaaday
1950aadkii iyo 80kii sidoo kalena waxa
jira macluumaad cusub. Shaki kama
taagna baahida adduunyadu u qabto
shidaalka oo sii kordhaysa inay sabab u
tahay baahida waddamada Aasiya ee
dhaqaalahoodu kordhayaa u qabaan
shidaalka, taasina Somaliland shidaal in
laga soo saaro ayay ka dhigaysaa mid si
xooga loogu baahanyahay, dawladuna
waxay hada ku hawlantahay sidii loo
samayn lahaa hayadihii wadada u sii
xaadhi lahaa soo saarista shidaalka si
wixii khayraad ah ee ka soo baxa loo
wada gaadhsiin lahaa dadka iyo horumarka
dhaqaale ee dalka.
Dalxiiska
Meesha kale ee mudan in la maalgashado
waxa weeye in la aasaaso shirkado dalxiis,
si dadka ina soo booqda loogu dhiirigaliyo
inay soo dalxiisaan soona arkaan hogaga
buuraha ku yaala ee taariikhiga ah,
xeebaha quruxda badan iyo weliba
buuraha la yaabka leh ee Somaliland,
1 | Hordhac
20
2013 - 2014
23
24
hawlgelinta ururkan.
Wixii Macluumad ah ee dheeraad ah
halkan eeg: http://www.somalilandlaw.
com/somaliland_lawyers_association.
html.
Arinka la xidhiidha Shirkadaha iyada oo
ay ku jirto sharciga maamulaya
maalgashiga waxa maamula xeerka ay
soo saaraan Xeer-dajintu. Labada xeer
ee ugu mihiimsan ee la xidhiidha
shirkadaha iyo maalgashigu waxa weeye
xeerka Shirkadaha iyo ka maalgashiga
Dibada.
ILAALINTA
MAALGASHIGA
Somaliland waxa ay leedahay nidaam leh
xuquuq maalgashi iyo sharci ganacsi
iyada oo maalgashadayaashu ay u heli
doonaan maal-gashigooda ilaalin iyo
magdhaw:
25
DAMAANADA LA
WAREEGIDA HANTIDA
LA MAALGASHADAY
2 | Sharciga Maalgashiga
26
SHARCIYADA
SHAQAALAHA IYO
OGOLAANSHAHA
SHAQADA
Shaqaalaha Somaliland waxa ay leeyihiin
xuquuqo iyo waxtar uu siinaayo Xeerka
Shaqaalaha Somaliland.
Heshiisyada Shaqaalaysiinta
27
heshiiska shaqo.
Socdaalka iyo
daganaanshaha
ogolaanshaha
28
LAHAANSHAHA DHULKA
IYO ISTICMAALKA
HANTIDA
Lahaanshaha dhulka waa la ogalyahay
gudaha Somaliland. Ajinabiga iyo dadka
Somaliland u dhashayba way iibsan
karaan isla markaana iibin karaan hanti
sidii ay doonaan. Marka hantida la kala
wareejinaayo waxa laga diiwaan galiyaa
Maxkamada Rafcaanka heer Gobol hadba
halka uu heshiisku ka dhaco. Waxa kale
oo cashuurta kala wareejinta la siiyaa
dawladaha hoose oo dusha kala socota
dhulka iyo 3% cashuurta kala wareejinta
oo la siinaayo Wasaarada Maaliyada.
Maalgashadayaashu waa in ay la socdaan
in la wado diwaangalinta dhammaan
dhulka Somaliland oo dhan sidaa awgeed
ma sahlana in si fudud lagu ogaado cida
leh dhulka. Maal gashadayaashu waxa
ay ka hubin karaan lahaanshaha dhulka
Dawladaha Hoose.
Marka laga diiwaangaliyo hantida
Maxkamadaha Rafcaanka isla markaana
29
Sharciyada
Xeerarkan ayaa lagu maamuulaa noocyada
ganacsi ee Somaliland ka dhex jira:
Xeerk Shirkadaha ( Xeer L:
25/2004).
Xeerka Kala Xadaynta Ganacsiga
(Xeer L:26/2005).
Xeerka Xoolaha Dalka (Xeer L:
29/2004).
Xeerka Bangiyada ( Xeer L:
34/2012).
Xeerka Isgaadhsiinta ( Xeer L:
50/2011).
Xeerka Kalluumaysiga ( Xeer L.
24/1995).
Xeerka Shaqaalaha Shirkadaha
Gaarka ah ( Xeer L. 31/2004).
Xeerka Madaniga ah.
Xeerka Macdanta.
Xeerka Badda.
Xeerka Dhulka.
DHIIRIGALINTA
MAALGASHIGA SIDA IN
DHULKA IYO
CASHUURTABA LA
DHAAFO
Haddii maalgalin shisheeyo la
diwaangaliyo iyada oo la maraayo Golaha
Diwaangalinta Maalgashiga Shisheeye
2 | Sharciga Maalgashiga
30
2013 - 2014
3 / WAAXDA XOOLAHA
TAARIIKH ARAGTIYEED
KU SAABSAN
XOOLAHASomaliland
33
ARAGTI GUUD
Shoat is a common term in the Somali regions inclusive of both sheep and goats.
Maalgashigan kordhay, sharciyadan isku duba ridan, horumarka
kaabayaasha dhaqaale, isku dubarid waaxeedka astaameed ee kordhay,
Somaliland waxa ay haysataa fursad wayn oo ay kaga faaiidaysato korodhka
waaxda xoolaha ee Bariga dhexe iyo gobolada kale ee Dunida Muslimka,
iyadoo xoojinayaan dalabka koraya ee maxaliga ah.
sanadka
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
GEEL
18,864
21,874
5,147
5,069
22,810
14,245
26,515
20,206
92,651
96,181
102,664
IDO/RIYO
341,711
563,107
859,404
1,023,795
1,017,242
1,350,054
1,219,519
1,556,003
2,584,810
3,104,684
3,219,584
LO
37,547
84,312
131,852
148,151
85,631
88,143
80,051
88,005
133,021
150,934
190,354
WADAR
398,122
669,293
996,403
1,177,015
1,125,683
1,452,442
1,326,085
1,664,214
2,810,482
3,351,799
3,512,602
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,564,48 4
1,219,771 5
1,000,00 0
78171
938,22 8
500,000
Jan -06
Jan -07
Jan -08
Jan -09
Jan -10
Jan -11
Jan -12
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
34
Figure 3: Celceliska ascaarta suuqa ee idaha iyo riyaha iyo xaddiga lagu dhoofiyo neefkiiba
Ka Timid: Wasaarada Qorshaynta Qaranka iyo Rugta Ganacsiga Somaliland
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure 4: Xadiga Idaha iyo Riyaha ee ka Dhoofa Berbera iyo Korodhka Boqolayda Sannadkii
Source: BPA
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
2008
2009
2010
2011
Number of Heads
2012
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
-10.0%
-20.0%
% Growth
Number of Heads
in Thousands
200
150
100
50
2008
2009
Number of Heads
35
2010
2011
% Growth
2012
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
-10%
-20%
250%
100,000
200%
80,000
150%
60,000
100%
40,000
20,000
50%
0%
2008
2009
2010
2011
Camel Exports
-50%
2012
% Growth
Figure 7: Idaha iyo Riyaha Meelaha ugu Muhiimsan ee looga Dhoofiyo Suuqa Khaliijka
Ka Timid: FAOSTAT, MLA, BPA. *2011 & 2012 kii tirada shaxdan ee ku saabsan Suudaan waxay ka timid Wasaarada
Beeraha ee Suudaan Khaliijka, ** Dhinaca Suuriya 2011 & 2012 kii shaxdan laguma darin.
8000
2001-2009: Second
Somali livestock ban
7000
2008: Australia
passes animal
welfare law
6000
5000
Australia
4000
Syria
3000
Suda n
2000
Somaliland
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1000
1994
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
36
SHARCIGA KU
GEDAAMAN XOOLAHA
37
ee ah horumarinta dhulka;
Heerarka wax soo saarka ee laga
filaayo agabka marka uu
dhamaystirmo.
Waraaqda codsiga ah ee ku socota
Wasaarada waa inay la socotaa warqad
kale oo ka socota dawlada hoose oo
xakamaynaysa goobaha loo filaayo in la
dhigo fududeeyayaasha si loo hubiyo in
dawlada hoose haysato fursad ay ugu
dhex dari karto hawlahooda qorshayneed.
Marka codsiga laga qabto codsadaha,
Wasaaradu waxay haysataa (30)
maalmood in ay dib ugu eegto codsiga
iyo inay goaan ka gaadho in la siiyo
liisanka iyo in loo diido codsiga. Marka
ay Wasaaradu qaadato inay ogolaato
codsiga, liisanka lagaga hawlgelayo
goobta ganacsi waxa soo saaraya
Wasaarada waxaanu shaqaynayaa laba
iyo toban (12) bilood.
Wasaaraddu waxay ku hawlan tahay
dejinta qaab dhismeedyo sharciyo ah kaas
oo lagu maamulaayo caanaha, hililbka,
iyo hawlaha dhoofka (Sharicga caanaha
oo qabyo ah, Baadhitaanka Hilibka iyo
Sharciga Xakamaynta iyo anshaxa
daryeelka xoolaha); iyo udejinta halbeeg
manhaj Daryeelayaasha Caafimaadka
Xoolaha ee Bulsho (DCXB) kaas oo hoos
imanaaya anshaxa Xanaanada Xoolaha
oo ay kormeerayaan Golaha Xanaanaynta
Xoolaha. Dhammaan xeerarka maamulaya
waaxda xoolaha iyo sharciyada cusub ee
ay ogolaanayaan Baarlamaanku waxa laga
heli karaa halkan: www.SomalilandLaw.
com.
CAQABADAHA U
WAAWAYN EE SOO
WAJAHA DHOOFKA
XOOLAHA SOMALILAND
EE SUUQA BARIGA
DHEXE Somaliland
1. T
artanka: Somaliland waxay
wajahaysaa tartan adag oo ah dhoofka
xoolaha nool, gaar ahaan adhiga, kaas
oo ka imanaaya wadamada sida
UUstaraaliya iyo Suudaan. Suuqa u
danbeeya, xoolaha Somaliland waxa
ay helaan qiimo hoose sababta oo ah
dhamaystir liita (yaryaraan, xoolo
daciif ah). tusaale ahaan, sicirka
xoolaha Somaliland waa $90 120
doolar neefkiiba xagga uu ka yahay
adhiga Swakin ee ka imanaaya
Suudaan sicirkoodu $ 170 180
doolar neefkiiba. Xoolaha sida fiican
u dhammayska tiran ee nooca xoolaha
maxaliga ee Gacanku (Njadi, Neami,
Hari iyo Awasi) waxa ay goosanayaan
qiime sare oo ah $320-350/neefkiiba.
Celceliska miisaanka xoolaha ka
imanaaya Somaliland waxa lagu
qiyaasay 20 ilaa 22 kg, kaas oo ku
dhow ilaa kala badh miisaanka
xoolaha UUstaraaliya iyo Suudaan.
Taranka Ustaraaliya:
Badhtamihii 2010 ka, Ustaraaliya
waxa ay meel marisay Xeer
ballaadhan oo ah daryeelka xoolaha
(Nidaamka Hubinta Silsilada
Dalabka Dhoofka) kaas oo lagu
dhaqaayo iibka, gaadiidka,
kaawaanada ee xoolaha nool maxali
ahaan iyo kuwa loo dhoofinaayo
suuqyo kale. Halkaas oo ay
Ustaraaliya gacan ka gaysatay
Tartanka Suudaan:
Suudaan hadda waxa ay tartame
wayn ku tahay xoolaha Somaliland
ee suuqa Sacuudi Carabiya, gaar
ahaan inta lagu jiro moosinka
Xajka. Dhoofka xoolaha Suudaantu
waxa uu u koraayay si joogto ah
sannadahan dhawaa. Saamiga
Suudaanta ee suuqa Sacuudigu
waxa uu ka koray 27% 2006 ilaa
40% 2010 dhexdiisa. Qiimaha
wadarta xoolaha dhoofay Jan
Noofanbar 2012 waxay ahayd $408
milyan, korodh dhan 20% ilaa
sannadkii hore. Hoos u dhaca
Suudaan ee dakhliga Saliida iyo
kasbashada lacagaha qalaad, kana
dhashay goitaankii Koonfurta
Suudaan, waxa uu ku qasbay
xukuumada Suudaan inay daaha ka
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
Note: In the livestock industry, meat only refers to slaughtered animals carcasses, boneless, with bones, various cuts that are either frozen or chilled
38
Tartamayaasha kale:
Waxa jira wadamada sida Hindiya,
Iraan, Baakistaan iyo wadamo kale
oo ah Bariga Fog waxa ay ka
helayaan saami Bariga Dhexe ee
xoolaha nool, dhoofka xoolaha
wadamadani waxa uu ku kooban
yahay qaybo gaar ah oo suuqa ah,
marka loo eego ah baaxad yar;
xoogana saaray dhoofka hilibka.
Natiijo ahaan, dhoofka xoolaha
Somaliland waxa uu ku fiican yahay
inuu soo korayo sannadada soo
socda.
2. Nadaafada iyo sharciyada la
xidhiidha nadaafada: Wadamada
Gacanka Carabtu waxay dejiyeen
shuruuc xagga caafimaadka xoolaha
nool ah oo midaysan. Gobolada
Somaliland waxay u baahan yihiin in
la hubiyo xoolaha laga soo
dhoofinayaa inay waafaqsanyihiin
halbeega. Cunaqabtayntai xoolaha ee
Heerka Caalamiga ah ee ay hirgeliyaan
Xafiiska Cudurada Faafa waa uu ku
dhici karaa xoolaha Somaliland.
Tusaale ahaan, dhaqaalihii ku lumay
cunaqabtayntii xoolaha 1998 waxa
lagu qiyaasay $100 Milyan oo dollar,
halka cunaqabtayntii Sebtember 2000
-2009 lagu qiimayay $ 326 Milyan.
39
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
40
Idaha
US$ /
Neefkiiba
Riyaha
US$ /
Neefkiiba
Geel
US$ /
Neefkiiba
Lo
US$ /
Neefkiiba
Bahrain
$180
$180
N/A
N/A
KSA
$130
$130
700
N/A
Kuwait
$150
$150
N/A
N/A
Qatar
$140
$140
N/A
$505
Oman
$110
$110
N/A
$600-$650
UAE
$104
$104
N/A
$700-$750
Egypt
$500
$500
$2000
N/A
Yemen
$140
$140
N/A
$500-$800
41
DHAQDHAQAAQA
SUUQYADA DHAMAADKA
EE U WAAWAYN
Dhaqdhaqaaqa Guud ee waxaada
xoolaha ee Bariga Dhexe
1. Dalabka kordhaya, ascaarta sare
ee ka abuurmaysa Bariga Dhexe:
Mar haddii ay ascaartu sabaynayso
sannadka oo dhan, waxa jira jiho ah
inuu kordhaayo ascaartu suuqyada
dhamaadka ee Bariga Dhexe mar
haddii uu dalabka xooluhu kordhaayo,
gaar ahaan, dadka ka qayb gelaaya
Xajka sannad kasta waxa uu kordhaa
(60% ayuu kordhay laga soo bilaabo
2001 ilaa 2011). Waxa jirta qiyaas ah
in 4.8 milyan oo qof inay ka soo qayb
gelayaan sannada 2020 taas oo ku
laban laabmaysa tii tiradii 2008. Shan
sanno ka hor, celcelis ahaan neefka
adhiga ahi waxa lagu iibinaayay
Burco qiime ah $ 37/neefkiiba.
Hadda, waxa lagu iibiyaa qiime ah
$87 neefkiiba Burco dhexdeeda.
Xiliga Xajka, neefka Sacuudiga waxa
lagu iibinayaa $ 200, Masarna waxa
uu goosan karaa $ 500 doollar. Hoos
udhaca ku yimid xoolaha laga soo
dhoofin jiray UUstaraaliya 2011 way
saamaysay ascaarta taas oo ah
caqabadaha soo gaadhsiintii suuq
dhamaadka.
2. U soo janjeedhsasho Caalami ah ee
suuqa hilibka ee koraya ee
Wadamada Gacanka Carabta: 20
kii sanno ee tegay, isticmaalayaasha
iyo sii iibiyayaashuba waxa hagaayay
habraacyada shahaadada tayada oo
furtay suuqa wershadaynta hilibka.
Cuntada xalaasha ee suuqyada
Sacuudi Carabiya
1. BSC ilaa hadda waa suuqa keliya
ee ugu wayn ee la geeyo xoolaha
Somaliland(ku dhawaad 80%).
Waxaana caawiyay doorbidida uu
isticmaalaha Sucuudiga ahi bidayo
adhiga Somaliland (waxa maxali
ahaan loo yaqaanaa Berberawi)
waxaanu ka qayb qaatay wanaajinta
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
42
xidhiidhka ganacsi.
Si kasta ha ahaatee, si wayn ugu
tiirsanaanta suuqan keliyi waa mid
si wayn werwer ugu haysa
dhoofsatada Somaliland iyo Waxa
jira jacayl badan oo loo qabo xoolaha
Nooca
Xoolaha
Asal ahaan
Miisaanku inta uu u
dhexeeyo kg
Sicirka RS
Sicirka
Dollarka DM
Adhi
Ustareeliya
40-45
700-750
180-200
Adhi
Itoobiya
20-24
430-450
115-120
Adhi
Somaliland
16-24
300-420
80- 112
Adhi
Suudaan
20-24
520-550
140-145
43
Qadar
1. Somaliland si toos ah uguma
dhoofiso xoolo Qadar. Si kastaba ha
ahaatee, waxoogaa xoolaha Somaliand
ah waxa si joogto ah dib loogu
dhoofiyaa Qadar iyagoo uga imanaya
wadamada kale ee ka midka ah Gacan
Carabta sida Sacuudi Carabiya iyo
UAE.
2. Qadar waxa ay ka mid tahay
wadamada Gacanka Carabta,
sidaas awgeed waxa ay u
hogaansamaan sharci isku mid ah
oo soo dejinta ah. U dhoofin laaanta
xoolaha Somiland Qadar si tooska ah
laguma sifayn karo xanibaad sharci.
Guud ahaan waa fashilaad ka timid
dhanka xoolo dhoofiyayaasha
Somaliland inay daah rogaan oo ay
geeyaan suuqa Qadar iyo sidoo kale
xidhiidh ganacsi laaanta labada
dawladood.
Cumaan
1. Cumaan waxay ku jirtaa darajada
Saddexaad ee loda nool iyo ta
labaad ee dhoofka xoolaha yaryar
ee saylad dhammaadka xoolaha loo
44
Yaman
1. Yaman waxa ay la lahayd xidhiidh
ganacsi oo taariikhi ah waana
ganacsi la wadaage xoogan oo
Somaliland leedahay. Yaman waxa
ay isticmaashaa istaraatiijiyad ka
faaiido badan suuq dhammaadyada
kale ee Wadamada Gacanka Carabta
ee xoolaha Somaliland u
dhawaanshaha Juquraafi ahaan
awgeed.
Yaeman kama mid aha xubnaha
Wadamada Gacanka Carabta waxaana
uu ahaa wadada u furan iibka xoolaha
45
Masar
1. Masar waxa ay ahayd soo dhoofsade
xoogan oo xoolaha, inta badan geela,
isagoo soo maraya dariiqyo kala
duwan kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin
Jabuuti, laakiin xayiraad ka qaadistii
Sucuudigu ku sameeyey xoolaheena
ka dib, waxa jiri kara daaqad cusub
oo fursadeed taas oo keeni karta soo
dhoofin sharci ah/ oo toos ah oo geela
Somaliland lagu keenayo Masar,
FURSADAHA
MAALGASHADAYAA
XOOLAHA
46
47
48
49
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
50
DARAASAD
#1: Dabiici, Ganacsi Xor ahDaaqsinSomaliland
51
Qurba jooga Somaliland kaas oo ku soo noqday beertii qoyskooda si uu uga soo
saar caws iyo hawlaha naaxinta waxa uu u bilaabay in uu ka helo faaiido hal xili ka
dib. Qorshaha ganacsi ee ku tacaluqa sare u qaadida, naaxinta iyo ka ganacsiga
xoolaha wada jir ahaa isaga oo soo saaraya caws dhan 1500 acre. Beertina waxa ay
ku taalaa Beer oo Burco u jirta 30 km.
Maalgelin dhan $ 90,000 waxa ay soo saari kartaa faaiido dhan $391,000 sannadka
kowaad ( laba jeer oo bixitaan/ xili iib) , waxa laga filayaa $815,000 shaqada sannadka
labaad. Ganacsiga noocan ahi waxa uu gacan ka gaysanayaa horumarka dhaqaalha
gobolka ee ah dhoofinta iyo sidoo kale bixinta cashuurta taas oo xoojinaysa dakhliga
dawlada dhexe.
Ganacsigu sidoo kale waxa uu iibsanayaa beeralayda maxaliga ah, sidaa darteed
waxa uu xoojinaya ganacsigii maxaliga aha. Marka la eego qorshaha balaadhinta,
beertu waxa ay soo saarayaa shaqo abuuris sannadada soo socda shaqaale kuuli ah
iyo kuwo wakhti buuxa shaqeeya oo xirfad leh sida shaqaalaha maamulka (xisaabiyaha,
suuqgeeyaha, hawl wadeenka iyo iibiyaha ) kuwa tababaraaya cagafta/ kuwa kaxaynaaya
cagafta, kormeerayaasha, iyo dhakhaatiirta xoolaha ee laga soo shaqaaleeya Dugsiga
Farsamada Xoolaha ee Sheekh.
3 | Waaxda Xoolaha
52
2013 - 2014
Dhinacyada Dooxa Togdheer dadka deegaanka iyo qurbojooga ayaa waxay si balaadhan ugu
hawlanyihiin inay beeraan daaqa iyo cawska xoolaha si ay u taageeraan xoolo naaxinta loola
jeedo xoolaha la dhoofinayo.
4 / WAAXDA BEERAHA
Guud Mar
55
tilmaaman:
1. Soo-Saarayaal (Beeraley)
Soo saareyaasha cuntada aasaasiga
ah
Soo saareyaasha Khudradda kala
duwan
2. Agabaynta iyo adeeg bixin
siidhadhka,
I i b i y e y a a s h a
bacarimiyayaasha,
kuwa
cayayaanka lagu dilo agabka, iyo
qalabka mishiinada
Cagaf-cagafyada iyo mishiinada
kuwa kireeya
Makiinadaha wax lagu ridqo
3. Adeega Suuq-geynta kuwa fidiya
Suuqa Midhaha kuwa ku iibiya
Suuqa Khudaarta kuwa ku iibiya
4. Hayaadka
Wasaaradda Beeraha
Dawladaha Hoose
Rugta Ganacsiga
Ururada maxaliga ah iyo kuwa
caalamiga ah
Akaademiyada iyo xarumaha cilmibaadhista
Ururada taageerada latashiga
dhinaca farsamada
Iskaashatooyinka iyo ururada
beeraleyda.
DOORKA WASAARADDA
BEERAHA
Wakhti-xaadirkan Wasaaradda Beeraha
awoodeeda ay Beeraleyda si firfircoon
ugu hagi karto adeegyadoodu ama ay ugu
tiirsanaan karaan waa mid xadidan,
waxaana inta badan doorka gacan-siinta
beeraleyda haya NGO-yada maxaliga ah
iyo kuwa caalamiga ah iyo hayadaha
horumarinta.
MULKIYADDA IYO
LAHAANSHAHA DHULKA
Dastuurka Somaliland waxa uu dhigayaa
in gebi ahaanba dhulka ay iska leeyihiin
dadka reer Somaliland. Hase yeeshee, tan
iyo markii uu burburay Qarankii
Soomaaliyeed, dhulka waxaa kala
qaybsaday dad kala duwan, iyadoo ay
hada dhul baaxadiisu weyn tahay ay
lahaanshihiisa sheegtaan shakhsiyaad.
Marka laga tago caqabadaha uu keenay
jiritaan laaanta sharci fiican oo la
xidhiidha lahaanshaha dhulku, waxaa
xaalada sii xumayn kara korodhka tirada
dadka iyo isbedelka nidaamjuqraafiyeedka. Xukuumaddu waxay isku
dayeysay inay horumariso siyaasadda si
ay gacan uga geysato lahaanshaha dhulka.
Wasaaradda Beeruhu waxay dhiirigelisay
siyaasadda diiwaangelinta dhulka, oo ku
4| Waaxda Beeraha
56
57
CAQABADAHA
Heerka aadka u hooseeya Xadiga
maalgelinta ee kaabayaasha
aasaaska iyo tiknoolajiyada ku
haboon ee beeraleyda..
Sahamin laaanta dhulka ee lagu
ogaan lahaa buqcad walba saraca
ku haboon in laga beero ka dib
marka daraasadayn lagu sameeyo
ciidda iyo jewiga.
Intii badnayd agabkii beeraha ee ay
ka midka yihiin kaabayaashii iyo
qalabkii beer-biyoodka oo ku
burburay xilliyadii dagaaladii
sokeeye oo aan dib u hagaajin lagu
samayn.
Beeraleyda oo aan lahayn xirfadihii
aasaasiga, waxaana jira khasaare
midheed oo ay u keenaan xanuuno
iyo cayayaanku.
nidaamkii
M a q n a a n s h a h a
macluumaadka suuqyada beeraha.
Aqoon laaanta dhulka miyiga taal
ee adeegyada maaliyadda ee la
xidhiidha dakhliga iyo qalabka la
gelinayo beeraha.
Iyadoo aanay jirin kobcin tayeed
iyo horumarin agabeed si kor loogu
qaado wax-soo-saarka beeraha.
Macluumaad kooban oo laga hayo
noocyada saraca ku haboon ciidda
iyo duruufaha jawi ee kala duwan.
Mashaariicda beer-biyoodka dhulka
miyiga si kor loogu soo qaado waxsoo-saarka midhaha oo ah mid
liidata.
Kordhinta iyo baahinta wax-soosaareed waxaa adkeeyay iyadoo
aanay jirin meelo lagu keydsho
(gaar ahaan dhulka miyiga ah) iyo
waddo-xumo jirta.
58
59
FURSADAHA
MAALGELIYEYAASHA EE
WAAXDA BEERAHA
Waxaynu xaga hore ku soo taxnay
dhibaatooyin farabadan oo la xidhiidha
Waaxda Beeraha. Balse xalinta
dhibaatooyinkan faraha badani waa
fursadaha ugu jira maalgeliyeyaasha.
Baahida Maxaliga ah waxaa dabooli kara
korodh maalgelineed oo Beeraleydu
helaan; sidoo kale suuqyo gobolka looga
helo sida Djibouti iyo Itoobiya, iyaguna
waxay bixinayaan fursado kale. Waxa
muhiim ah inaynu xusno in haddii la helo
tiknoolajiyad ku munaasib ah iyo
maalgelin ku filan, in wax beerista
Somaliland ay faaiido sareysa u soo celin
doonto maalgeliyeyaasha. Waxa aan loo
baahnayn in la sheego in dhulkeenu uu
dihin yahay wax kasta oo laga beeraana
uu yahay mid dabiici ah (organic)
waxaana halkan lagu soo koobay
fursadaha ka bannaan waaxdan Beeraha:
Beer-falashada:
Abaaraha iyo aafooyinka daadadka
ee ku habsadda dhulka laga beero
cuntooyinka aasaasiga ah
Shuraako lala galo beeraleyda
maxaliga ah
Kiraysashada dhul beereed oo
lala kaashado Xukuumadda
Somaliland
Beero-biyoodka ay ka soo baxaan
khudaarta iyo Xawaashku
Fursado ku jira buuxinta ama
xalinta kuwo dibadda laga soo
qaato iyo baahi badan u ka jirta
in loo dhoofiyo suuqyada
gobolka.
Baahi loo qabo khudrad iyo
4| Waaxda Beeraha
60
DARAASAD
#1: Bustaan Khudradeed Ku Taal Tuulada Annayo, Ee
Waqooyiga Hargeysa
DUL-MARKA MASHRUUCA
Waa kii ugu horeeyey Somaliland dhexdeedda BUSTAAN-GURIYEEDKAN oo leh
Ganbisooyin dhaadheer ee lagu Maalgelyo khudaarta cagaaran iyo GEEDMIDHOODKA. Waxa aad ugu habboon in uu soo saaro khudaarta xilligga kalago;a
ee uu qiimaheeddu sareeyo sida TAMAANDHADA (Yaanyada). Bustaan Guriyeedka
waxa lagu abuurayaa Tamaandho, waxaanu leeyahay ganbisyo dhaadheer oo
cabbirkoodu yahay 30m (dhererka), 8 mitir (ballaca) iyo 4 mitir oo ah joogga.
Bustaanku waxa uu ku dhisan yahay farsamadda WARAABKA TIIXTIIXA, waxanu
wax-soo saar-kiisu soo goayaa 2 xilli Sannadkiiba.
Khudradda
Tiradda
Geedaha
Xaddigga waxsoo-saarka
Wadarta Wax-soosaarka
Xili 1aad:
(Tamaandho)
1,200
10 kilo
12,000 kiilo
Xilli 2aad:
(Tammaandho)
1,200
10 kilogram
12,000 kiilo
Wadarta Wax
soo saarka
Sannadka
24,000 kgm
Qiimaha Wax-Soo-Saarka
Abbuurka, Bacrimminta, Dullin-dillayaasha, Summaha Cayayaanka
$300
Biyaha
$200
Qalabka
$250
shaqaale
$1,800
Kharashka Tooska Ah
$2,550
Macaashka Guud
$9,450
$2,700
Macaashka Saafigga Ah
$6,750
Bustaan-Guriyeedka waxa lagu dhidbey dhul Carro Tayo wanaagsan leh. Hal shaqaale
joogto ah iyo labo Maansuuri ah ayey shaqadani u baahantahay. Kani waa Mashruuc
Tijaabo ah oo leh helitaanka dhul kooban.Isku-celcelin Beerta Somaliland waxa ay
qaadi kartaa 10 GURI-BUSTAAN. Hase ahaatee, Kordhinta Raasamaalka Maalgelintu
waxa ay kordhin kartaa Maamulka , Dayactirka iyo Shaqaalaha ayadoo kordhin karta
dhaqaalaha laga Filan karo.
61
WARBIXIN MAALIYEEDKA
Wadarta Iibka Sannadkii $ 12,000.
62
Case Study
contd
Tafaasiil
Tiro
Musharka Bishii
Wadarta Sannadkii
Hal joogto ah
$100
$1,200
Labo maansuuri ah 2
$50
$600
Isugeynta guuud
$1,800
RAASAMAALKA MASHRUUCA
Xogta Maal-gelinta
BUSTAAN-GURIYEEDKU, waxa uu jiraa xiligiisii 2aad ee beeritaanka.. Tiix-tiixwaraabiyaha,ANNA Tafiirta 1aad ee Abbuurka (shinnidda tammaandhadda) iyo
Bacrrimmiyayaasha waxa laga soo dejiyay KENYA. Biyaha waxa lagaga soo saarey
MARAWAXADA DABAYSHA ceel-dheere ku yaal beerta oo biyaha dusha lagu
keydiyo si loogu isticmaalo tiix-tiix-waraabinta.
Iibka Wax-Soo-Saarka
Fillitaanka iibka yaanyaddu xagan hoose ayuu .ku cad yahay:
Khudrad
Tiro
Geed
Waxsoosaarka
geedka
xilligga
/
kilo
Tiradda
xiiliyadda
goosashada
waxsoosaarka/
sannadkii
DAKHLI
SANNADEEDKA
/Kiloograam
Qiimaha
iibka/
kilooga/$
Isugeynta dakhli
sanadeedka/$
Tamaandho
1,200
10 kg
2 xilli
24,000
$0.5
$12,000
Alaabta Qaydhiin
63
$300
Biyaha
$200
$250
ISU-GEYNTA
$750
Kharashka Joogtada Ah
Maalgelinta Ma guurtada ahi waa $8,100.
Working Capital
Raasamaalka Shaqadaa/Sannadkii waa $2,550.
Isu-Geynta Maalgelinta Guud waa $10,650
** Xasuusin: Soo celinta iibka sannad guddihii, waa lagu xisaabtami doonaa
4 | Waaxda Beeraha
64
DARAASAD
#2: Wax soo saarka Beer khudaareed leh Bali-biyood oo ku taal
Allaybaday
Mr. Axmed Qase waxa uu maalgelin ku sameeyay beer-khudaareed. Allaybaday
waxay caan ku noqotay goob ku fiican wax-soo-saarka beer-khudaareedka oo lagu
waraabiyo in ka badan 100 Bali (Dhulka dhaamka ah ee ay fadhiistaan biyaha roobku).
Beertiisan ayaa waxay maaafadeedu tahay in ka badan 50 Ha, isla markaana waxaa
la aasaasay labaatan (20) sannadood ka hor. Waxay leedahay Ballay weyn oo qiyaasta
dhererkiisu tahay 350 mitir, 150 mitir oo balac ah iyo 6 mitir oo hoos ah. Balaygani
waxay biyuhu ku jiraan inta badan sannadka oo dhan. Taasina waxay fursad siinaysaa
geedaha khudradda iyo xawaashkuba inay baxaan sannadka oo dhan. Qiyaastii 15
higtar ayaa loo qoondeeyay ama ay ka baxaan khudaarta qoyan (xawaashku) oo 5-10
higtar oo wareegsan ah wakhti kasta oo ay tahay. Geedaha khudaarta ayaa iyaguna
ka baxa qiyaastii 2 higtar. Ilaa 20 higtar oo dhul ah waa beer-roobaad ay si caadi ah
uga baxaan wax-soo-saarka midhaleyda oo kala ah hadhuudh iyo galey. Inta hadhay
dhulka beertana waxaa lagu beeraa cawska xoolaha nool la siiyo.
Axmed Qase wuxuu leeyahay oo uu maamulaa laba cagaf-cagaf iyo gaadhi lix tan
ah oo loo isticmaalo rarista wax-soo-saarka beerta ee la geynayo suuqyada. Wakhtiga
Jiilaalka waxaa gaadhigan loo isticmaalaa booyad ahaan oo biyaha lagaga soo qaado
Dhaamka laguna geeyo dhulka miyiga.
Local Market Days are hosted during harvest season for farmers and vendors to showcase
various vegetable and fruit varieties.
65
Costs (US$)
Dhul
Balay (Dhaam dhuleed)
$ 80,000
$ 16,000
$ 600
$ 2,000
$ 6,000
Maamulka Gaadiidka
$ 5,000
Wax-soo-saarka Beerta
Khudradda
Saytuun
$18,000
Babaay
$ 1,400
Maango
$ 1,000
Xawaash (Vegetables)
Tamaandho
[40 t X $ 750]
$ 30,000
Basal
[60 t x $ 350]
$ 21,000
Basbaaska kulul
[6 t X $ 750]
$ 4,500
Basbaas Akhtar
[3 t X $ 1,500]
$ 4,500
Kaabash
[12t X $500]
$ 6,000
Saladh
$ 500
Xabxab
$ 6,000
Cuntada Midhaha ah
Hadhuudh
$ 9,000
Galley
$ 4,000
Wadarta Iibka
$105,900
4 | Waaxda Beeraha
66
DARAASAD
contd
Kharashka Wax-soo-saarka
[(30HaX$19)X2 xili]
$ 570
[2 X $200 X 2 bilood]
Qodida Gacamada
[1 gacan X 300]
$ 400
$ 300
$ 2,800
$ 300
$ 3,000
Qodid (harameyn)
$ 22,500
Goosashada qudaarta
$ 600
$ 6,000
$ 3,000
$ 600
Shaqaalaha beerta
$ 7,200
Foormaan
$ 2,400
$49,670
US$ 56,230
$1,200
Cagaf-Hoos u dhac
$3,200
[20% sanadkiiba]
$1,250
Maamulka
$7,200
67
[$600 x 12 bilood]
Isku Geynta Kharashka Dul socda
$12,850
Net Profit
$43,380
4 | Waaxda Beeraha
68
DARAASAD
#3: Maalgelin lagu sameeyay Tijaabinta iyo balaadhinta Siidhka
oo lala kaashaday Jaamacadda Camuud ee gobolka Awdal
Sannadkii 2012, (Gu iyo Deyr, oo xilliyada ay baxaan beeruhu) ayay hayadda
USAID ka taageertay Jaamacadda Camuud iyo Kooxda Farsamayaqaaniinta Beeraleyda
ee Somaliland (SATG) samaynta tijaabooyin iyo beeris qorsheysan oo xidhiidh ah
oo ku saabsan siidhka xawaashka (Tamaandhada, Basasha, xabxabka, kaabashka,
saladhka iyo basbaaska) oo lagu sameynayo goobo kala duwan oo ku yaal deegaan
beereedyada gobolka Awdal. Kala-sarayn kala duwan iyo wax-soo-saarka xawaashka
ee ugu fiican ayaa taas lagu ogaaday. Tan waxa lagu sameeyay beero ku yaal goobaha
Camuud, Baki iyo Ruqi oo ka tirsan gobolka Awdal sannadkii 2013.
Waxaa suurta-gal ah in taageerada noocan oo kale ah oo caawimada farsamada ah
aad ka hesho hayadaha ka hawl-gala Somaliland iyo abuurista Barnaamijyo socda
mudda dheer ee beer-falashada ee loo yaqaan (R&D), kuwaas oo ay isticmaali karaan
maalgeliyeyaasha wax-soo-saarka beeruhu.
Muddadii lagu jiray wanaajinta ama hagaajinta beer-falashada waxaa lagu deraaseeyay
xidhiidh lala samaynayey beerlayda, iyadoo la barayey sida ugu haboon ee masaafada
loo kala dhexeysiiyo goobta siidhka lagu ridayo, maamulida la-dagaalan dulinka iyo
weli cayimaada ciidda iyo rikoodh-garayn toddobaadle ah kala sareynta noocyada
tijaabada lagu samaynayay labada xilli, ayaa waxay hadda muujiyeen korodh qiyaas
ahaan gaadhaya 30-150% marka lays barbardhigo xadiga wax-soo-saar beeraleyda
Awdal.
Macluumaad badan waxaa laga heli karaa barta Maalgelinta wax-soo-saarka beeraha ee
Natiijooyinka
Isbarbardhiga wax-soo-saarka noocyada Tamaandhada ee laba xilli oo laga kala beeray goobbeereedyo ku yaal Camuud, Baki iyo Ruqi (SATG FILSAN 2013)
Xilli 1
(Xagaa: July-August 2012)
Xilli 2
(Jiilaal: December-January 2013)
Nooca
Xadiga ka
soo baxay
saddexda
goobood
(tan/higtar)
Derejada
Nooca
Xadiga ka
soo baxay
saddexda
goobood
(tan/higtar)
Derejada
Roma VF
13.4
Roma VF
24.5
Local
12.0
Local
21.4
Roma
11.4
EW 25520
19.8
AVTO 0101
10.4
Roma
19.3
EW 15044
17.1
AVTO 0101
15.9
AVTO 9802
7.3
69
Isbarbardhiga wax-soo-saar noocyada Basasha ee laba xilli oo lagu beeray goobo tijaabo oo ku yaal
Camuud, Baki iyo Ruqi (SATG FILSAN 2013)
Xilli 1
(Xagaa: July-August 2012)
Xilli 2
(Jiilaal: December-January 2013)
Nooca
Xadiga
Wax-soosaar ee
saddexda
goobood (t/
ha)
Derejada
Nooca
Xadiga
Wax-soosaar ee
saddexda
goobood (t/
ha)
Derejada
Texas Early
Grano
31.2
AVON 1013
47.8
Bombay Red
24.4
Bombay Red
40.7
Baftin
(Yemen)
23.9
Texas Early
Grano
36.7
AVON 1111
17.3
Baftin
(Yemen)
32.8
Red Creole
15.8
Red Creole
27.9
Isku celceliska
xiliga
22.5
Isku celceliska
xiliga
37.2
Isbarbardhiga wax-soo-saar noocyada Xabxabka ee laba xilli oo lagu beeray goobo tijaabo oo ku
yaal Camuud, Baki iyo Ruqi (SATG FILSAN 2013)
Xilli 1
(Xagaa: July-August 2012)
Xilli 2
(Jiilaal: December-January 2013)
Nooca
Xadiga
Wax-soosaar ee
saddexda
goobood
(t/ha)
Derejada
Nooca
Crimson Sweet
(Giire)
41.8
Crimson Sweet
(Giire)
29.3
Crimson Sweet
(Zorzi)
35.1
Crimson Sweet
(Zorzi)
35.4
Sugar Baby
26.7
Andaman
23.8
6
Isku celceliska xiliga
Xadiga
Wax-soosaar ee
saddexda
goobood
(t/ha)
Derejada
6
35.9
27.9
4 | Waaxda Beeraha
70
Photo:
Shaqaalaha Kordhinta Wax-soo-saarka Beeraha ee Jaamacadda Camuud, talo-bixin ku saabsan
kobcinta saraca beeraha siinaysa mid ka mid beeralayda deegaanada laga sameeyay tijaabada koru-qaadista wax-soo-saarka beeraha ee siidhadhka kala duwan ee gobolka Awdal.
71
4 | Waaxda Beeraha
72
2013 - 2014
75
4
5
With wind speeds averaging 7-9 m/s, Somaliland is one of the windiest
places in the world, and has ample opportunity for wind power
om)
MISHIINADA WAKHTI
XAADIRKA LA
ISTICMAALO IYO
QORSHAHA
MUSTAQBALKA
Teknoolajiyada lagu curiyo korontada ee
hadda ka jira Somaliland iyo kuwa la
doonayo in laga sameeyo wax ka mid ah
kuwa ku shaqeeya naaftada, kuwa ku
shaqeeya shidaalka culus , dabaysha iyo
cadceeda. Mashiinadaa ku shaqeeya
5| Waaxda Tamarta
76
77
XEERKA KORONTADA
IYO TAMARTA
Bishii June ee sannadkii 2013 ayaa
Wasaaradda Macdanta iyo Tamarta
Somailand markii ugu horeysay taariikhda
u gudbisay Golaha Wakiiladda Somaliland
Xeerka Tamarta Dalka, kaasoo haddii ay
ansixiyaan golahaasi laga heli karayo
78
MAALGELINTA IYO
LACAG KU BIXINTA
TAMARTA
Maalgashadayaasha
Shirkadaha
korontadu waxay caqabada ugu weyn ee
ay waajahaan ku tilmaameen ururinta
lacag farabadan oo ay ku soo iibsadaan
mishiinada laydhka oo qiimayaashoodu
aad u qaali yihiin. Taas ayaa ah caqabada
ugu weyn ee ka hortimaada marka ay
79
NIDAAMKA
SHURAAKADA
Maalgeliyeyaasha mashaariicda Tamartu,
waxay maalgelinteedu u nidaamin karaan
80
ah).
Dhismaha Lahaansho Damaanad
leh: Kani wuxuu la mid yahay
Maalgelinta Shuraakada ah, laakiin
Maalgashadayaashu waxay awood
u leeyihiin inay kala doortaan
heerka halista soo baxay, iyagoo u
kala qaybinaya A, B iyo C saddex
geesood, kuwaas oo mid waliba
leedahay taariikh lacag bixineed
(Ama Faaiido qaadasho) [Tusaale
ahaan; Saddexdii biloodba mar]. A
(Oo noqonaysa mid halis yar,
laakiin macaashkeedu yar yahay)
waxay qaadanaysaa macaash
hooseeya, rogaal-celin qeexan, isla
markaana waxaa si dhamaystiran
faaiidadeeda loogu celinayaa ka
hor cid walba; ka dib B ayaa helaysa
macaashkeedii oo ka sareeya kii
hore, intaas ka dib qaybta C ayaa
la qaadanaysa dhammaan
macaashka soo hadhay (Macaashka
ugu badan iyo khasaaraha ugu
TIKNOOLAJIYADA
TAMARTA
82
Tamarta Dabaysha
83
(USdm)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
Invest
Install
Diesel -600kW
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Wind -600kW
Year 4
Year 5
Wind -1.8MW
5| Waaxda Tamarta
84
Install
Year 1
Diesel -600kW
Year 2
Year 3
Wind -600kW
Year 4
Year 5
Wind -1.8MW
Invest
Install
85
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Difference
(2.00)
(4.00)
Invest
Install
Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Difference
5| Waaxda Tamarta
86
CASE STUDY:
Somaliland
Installs First Pilot
Wind Farm
With the support of USAID, the
government of Somaliland installed the
first wind farm in the region in 2013,
which will power the Egal International
Airport in Hargeisa. The five 20kW
turbines will be managed under a
public-private partnership (PPP)
structure, and will showcase the
potential of wind power for investors;
while being used as a place for power
companies, Ministry engineers, and
electrical engineering students to learn
more about renewable energy.
87
5| Waaxda Tamarta
88
89
5| Waaxda Tamarta
Kammen: Daniel M. Kammen and Charles Kirubi - Poverty, Energy, and Resource Use in Developing Countries: Focus on Africa, Energy and
Resources Group, University of California, 2008. New York Academy of Sciences.
6
90
91
5| Waaxda Tamarta
Kammen: Daniel M. Kammen and Charles Kirubi - Poverty, Energy, and Resource Use in Developing Countries: Focus on Africa, Energy and
Resources Group, University of California, 2008. New York Academy of Sciences.
6
92
2013 - 2014
6 /QAYBTA
KALLUUMAYSIGA
DULMARKA GUUD EE
KALLUUMAYSIGA
Goobta, Dhererka dhul-xeebeedka
iyo Soonaha Dhaqaalaha
Dabeecadaha Dhul-Xeebeedka
95
Khayraadka Kalluunka
Wax-soo-saarka Kalluunka ee
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
40000
Qiyaasta Khayraadka dihin
ee aan la daahfurin ee lasoo
saari karo sanadkii: 32,000
tan
8000
Somaliland waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka badda ee laga helo biyaha dhexe iyo
badda hoosteedaba.
Distribution of Targeted Fish Species by Region
Gobolka Dhul xeebeedka la
daraaseeyey(KM)
Awdal
230
Saaxil
210
Sanaag
430
6| Waaxda Kalluumaysiga
7
96
97
DEEGAANKA LAGU
SHAQAYNAYO
Kartida maalgashiga ee Kalluumaysiga
Somaliland waa mid badan, hase ahaatee
ku tiirsan qoddobo badan oo ay ka mid
yihiin, in la helo Kaabayaal dhaqaale oo
la isku halayn karo.
Gaadiidka Badda
Kaydka Qabowga
98
Helida Maaliyad
99
Adeegyada
See: https://members.wto.org/crnattachments/2011/sps/ARE/11_1768_00_e.pdf
Wadooyinka Dhul-xeebeedka
Arimaha Nabad-galyada
JAWIGA MAALGASHIGA
Suuqyada dalka
GIK waa ururka isu tagat gacanka carabta ama khaliijka ee ku wareegsan qooriga Iran waxanay ka koobanyihiin: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE. Cilmi baadhistan waxa lagu sameeyey wadamada khaliijka iyo Yaman iyo Masar.
100
inta badan dalabkaas laga soo haqab tiraa Muqdisho oo uu kalluunku uga yimaado
qaab la qaboojiyay ama la qasaacadeeyay. Lafa-gurka noocan ahi waxay salka ku
haysaa mala-awaalka in dhammaan qoysaska ku nool magaalooyinkaasi ay toddobaadkii
isticmaalaan 1 kilo oo kalluun ah.
$2.50
$2.00
$2.00
$1.50
$1.80
$1.40
$1.40
$0.95
$1.00
$1.20
Fish steak
$0.50
$-
Burao
Berbera
price/kg
Source: 2011 Somaliland Private Sector Development Assessment
101
Hargeisa
Suuqyada Gobolka
Suuqyada Caalamka
102
Qiimayaasha Kalluunka
Siyaasada iyo Sharciyada
Waaxda kalluumaysiga Somaliland waxa
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Nooca kalluumaysiga
Qaabka iyo qalabka kalluumaysiga
Meesha wax soo saarka la dhigayo iyo sharaxaada suuqgaynta, iyo
halka ugu danbaysa ee wax soo saarka lagu iibin doono
Baaxada kalluumaysiga
Noocyada kalluunka iyo noolaha kale ee bada ku jira ee la soo qabto
Sharaxaad ku saabsan shaqaalaha markabka
Sharaxaad ku saabsan doonayaha yar yare ee kalluunka ee uu sido
markabku
Sharaxaad ku saabsan macaamiilka kale oo markabku la leeyahay
Somaliland
Damaanad qaad Bangi
Iyo macluumaad kasta oo ay codsato wasaaradu.
5. Markabka lasiiyo ruqsadu waxa uu muddo dhan 30( soddon) cisho gudahood
kusoo wargalinayaa wasaarada wixii isbadal ku yimaada markabka sida
103
Faaiidada Maalgaliyeyaasha
Fursadaha Maalgashi
Waxa jira fursado maalgashi oo aad u
badan dhinaca Kalluumaysiga Somaliland,
kaliya maaha in la kordhiyo soo-saarka
kalluunka, laakiin guud ahaan horumarka
kaabayaasha dhaqaale iyo adeeg ee
taageera qaybta kalluumaysiga.
Fursadaha qaybta kalluumaysiga waxa
laga heli karaa:
W a r s h a d a h a h a b a y n t a i y o
qasaacadaynta kalluunka oo laga
samayn karaa meelaha dekadaha u
dhaw. Wali lama haqab tirin
dalabka dhammaan suuqyada dalka
iyo gobolkaba. Abuuritaanka
warshado noocaas ahi waxay
104
In la sameeyo Goob-hawleedyo
lagu iibiyo qalabka dayactirka
iyo hagaajinta doonyaha.
Adeega la talinta iyo tababarada.
DARAASAD
Maalgashiga kalluumaysiga ee
Somaliland
Berbera waxay leedahay xarun kalluunka lagu qaboojiyo oo wayn, hase ahaatee
waligeed ma helin kalluun amma doonyo kalluumaysi oo ku filan inay haqabtiraan Sidaa waxa sharaxay Axmed Cismaan Ismaaciil oo ah aasaasaha shirkada
GETCO oo fadhigeedu yahay Berbera, taas oo qorshaynaysa inay furto warshad
yar oo lagu habeeyo kalluunka iyo xarun lagu qaboojiyo oo qaadi karta 1 ilaa 100
ton oo kalluun ah.
Ka dib cilmi-baadhis baaxad leh oo lagu sameeyay Suuqa kalluunka, Axmed
waxa uu sannado dhawr ah qorshaynayaa inuu ganacsigiisa ku fidiyo habaynta
kalluunka. GETCO waxay ku maalgashanaysaa abuuritaanka warshada samaysa
barafka, xarun qaboojisa kalluunka, iyo doonyo kalluumaysi iyo qalab lagu
habeeyo laguna qasaacadeeyo kalluunka hanti dhan $200,000 (laba boqol oo kun
oo dollar).
Waxaanu qorshaynaynaa inaanu dhisano gebi amma dekad yar si ay kalluumaysatadu
si fudud ugu soo xidhmi karaan qalabkayaga Ayuu yidhi Axmed.
GETCO waxay qorshaynaysaa inay Berbera ka abuurto ugu yaraan 15 shaqo oo
joogto ah oo cusub, taas oo ay ku jiraan dumar kuwaas oo ka shaqayn doona
qaybta habaynta kalluunka, darawalo, hawl-wadeenada mishiinada kala duwan
iyo ilaalada. Dhammaan shaqaalaha waxa la siin doonaa tababar toos ah oo shaqada
ah. Balaadhinta ganacsiga GETCO waxa uu siin doonaa fursad kalluumaysatada
yar yar ee Berbera. GETCO waxay soo iibsan doontaa mishiin sameeya barafka,
5 ton saacadiiba, taas oo shirkada u sahli doonta inay kalluunka keento caasimada
Hargeisa una dhoofiso Ethiopa oo ah suuqa ugu wayn ee shirkada GETCO.
105
Culuumta Badda
Kalluumaysiga
Injineeriyada Baddaha
Lacagta iyo Maamulka
Waaxda Kalluumaysiga waxa hoos yimaada:
Qaybta Cilmi Baadhista iyo Adeeg- gaadhsiinta
Qaybta Kalluunka iyo Baddaha
Qaybta Tababarka Dheeraadka ah
Barnaamijyada
106
107
6| Waaxda Kalluumaysiga
108
WAX-SOO-SAAR
KALLUUN ISKU JIRA OO
DHAMMAYSTIRAN
HAWLGAL
KALLUUMAYSI OO
SAYLAC KU WAJAHAN
Qorshaha Suuqgaynta
Qaabka Hawlgalka
Saldhiga Kalluumaysiga
Qalabka
Tirada
Dooni Wayn, , FRP, 13m dherer ahaan, si
1
buuxda ugu qalabaysan kalluumaysi
Doonyo yaryar , FRP, 6.4m dherer ahaan
4
Mishiino kalluumaysi (grears) (tiro ku filan)
Qalab ku talo gal, sida qalab hurdo, wax
karsi iyo kayd
Isu Gayn
109
Qiimaha$
$100,000
$16,000
$13,000
$2,000
$113,000
Khaas
No
Naakhuude
Hawl-wadeenada Mishiinada
Kalluumaysato xirfad leh
Karaani
Iibiye
1
1
19
1
2
Shaqo
Baadhis Internetka ah (in la raadiyo doon
kalluumaysi oo ku haboon)
Dalabka doonta iyo keenisteeda
Isu Gayn
Maamulka Ganacsiga
Mudada (billo)
1
24
3-5
Kharashka hordhaca ah
Waxa jiri doona kharash loogu baahan
doono kharashaadka la xidhiidha diiwaan
galinta ganacsiga, abuurista xafiiska,
shaqaalaysiinta iyo indha-indhaynta
suuqa Djibouti.
6| Waaxda Kalluumaysiga
110
Items
A. Dakhliga Iibka
B. Kharashka wax soo saarka
Cost US$
US$280,800
Shidaalka kalluumaysiga
Shidaalka safarada
Saliid
Baraf
Cunto
Dayactirka Mishiinada
Badalida mishiinada kalluumaysiga
Biyo
Shidaalka karsiga
Iibsashada kalluunka
Mushaharooyinka
Faaiidada iibka (2.5%)
Kharashka Maaraynta
Isu gayn dhexe ( sub)
C. Dakhliga Guud
Kharashka hoos u dhaca
Cashuurta iibka (5%)
D. Dakhliga naqadka ah
$15,600
$1,430
$1,703
$9,750
$4,387.50
$3,000
$4,690
$1,200
$2,555
$23,400
$91,800
$7,020
$6,000
$172,535.50
US$108,264.50
$6,250
$3,510
US$98,504.5
Xisaabinta Macaashka
Tirada (Tonnes)
19.5
39.0
11.7
70.2
Dakhliga Iibka
Qiime dhan US$4000/ton waxa sannadkii ka soo xaroon doonta dakhli dhan
$280,800.00.
Barta Is-bixinta = $ 66,905.0
MALAYAASHA MUHIIMKA AH
Hawl-galka Kalluunka
Tirada Maalmaha kalluumaysiga sannadkii
270
13
20 days
100kg
50kg
60kg
$2/kg
$4/kg
4
5
Dhererka guud
14m
Balaca
Qotoda
Qaadka kalluunka iyo barafka
Awooda matoorka
Xawaaraha socodka
3.74m
1.80m
8-10mt
100 -150hp
15 -20knots
Dhererka guud
6.4m
Balaca
Qotoda
Qaadka kalluunka iyo barafka
Awooda matoorka
2.2m
0.80m
0.5mt
15hp
6| Waaxda Kalluumaysiga
112
2013 - 2014
Local salt traders in Borama transport, bag, and sell raw crushed salt from
the historic salt wells of Tokhoshi, near the coastal town of Zeila.
7 /XOGTA MASHRUUCA
SIFAYNTA MILIXDA
GOGOL DHIG
Curiyaha Sodium Chloride ee sidoo kale
loo yaqaano milixda, ama milixda miiska,
waa wax-soo-saar aad u muhiim ah
dhammaan adduunka oo ay Somalilandna ka mid tahay. Milixda waxa lagu daraa
cuntada, waxaana ku dara cida soo saarta
cuntada ama qofka quudanaya, waxay kor
u qaada dhadhanka cuntada, waxay ka
ilaalisaa inaanay qudhmin, way isku
haysaa, waxa loo isticmaalaa khamiirinta,
ilaalinta qarada iyo midabaynta. Dhanka
kale, milixda waxa loo isticmaalaa
hoodhinta iyo dawaynta hargaha, oo lagu
daro saanta xoolaha si ay uga ilaaliso
inuu jeermis ku dhasho wajiga hoose ee
hargaha iyo inay qoyaan siiso saanta.
Waxa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa
warshadaynta cuntada, xidhmaynta iyo
qasaacadaynta, duubista, caanaha iyo
midhaha la ridqo. Milixda waxa isticmaala
warshadaha oo ay ka mid tahay sahaminta
gaasta iyo shidaalka; midabaynta
haraaqaha iyo warshadaynta biraha
culculus sida Almumiiniyamta, Berrylium,
Copper, Steel iyo Vanadium. Sidoo kale
milixda waxa loo isticmaalaa habaynta
rabadhka, samaynta waraaqaha, mufaaska
(faro mariska), iyo adkaynta dhismayaasha
shubka ah iyo aasaaska biriishyada
waawayn. Isticmaalka milixdu waxa kale
oo uu galaa samaynta dawooyinka iyo
daawooyinka xoolaha iyo in dhalaalinta
barafka ee dalalka qaboobaha ah xiliga
jiilaalka.
Xiligan milixda waxa laga soo saaraa
biyaha badda oo la uumi bixiyay ama gal
milixeedyo xeebta ku teedsan. Waxa kale
oo laga soo saara qodista milixda cusbada.
Xaga wax soo saarka milixda waxa ugu
115
SUURTO-GALNIMADA
MAALIYADEED
Maalgashiga guud ee qalabka iyo
dhismaha shirkadani waxa uu noqon karaa
sida ku xusan shaxankan 1aad:
SHAXANKA-1
KHARASHKA MASHRUUCA
Faahfaahin
Dhul (5000 Sq Mtrs)
Dhisme (500 Sq Mtrs)
Warshada iyo Mishiinada
Faaiidada Raasamaalka
Isugaynta Kharashka
Xaddiga (USD)
$50,000
$200,000
$100,000
$350,000
7| Waaxda Milixda
In the 2012-2013 bilateral Ethiopia-Somaliland trade negotiations, salt (along with fish) were prioritized by both parties as sectors where
Somaliland has a potential to exploit more local resources, and Ethiopia has increasing demand.
10
116
117
No.
A.
1
2
3
B.
1
2
3
4
C.
1
2
3
D.
1
2
E.
1
2
QEEXIDA SHAYGA
Qaybta Milixda Qaydhiin
Qaybta milixda qaydhiinka ah lagaga shubo
Marinka Milixda qaydhiin
Burburiyaha Milixda qaydhin
Qaybta qoynta
Haanta samaynta dareeraha
Bamamka
Haanta Maydhista
Haanta qaybinta hawada iyo walxaha adag
Qaybta kala saarista noocyada dareerayaasha
kala duwan
Adkeeyey
Warejiye
Iodization Screw Blender
Qaybta Qiyaasta
Haanta Qiyaasta
Bambka Qiyaasta
Qaybta Xidhmaynta
Mishiinada Xidhmaynta
Xidhayaasha Jawaanka
WADARTA KARTIDA XIDHIIDHSAN (HP)
Qty.
1 No
1 No.
1 No
1
4
1
1
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
2 No.
6 No.
50
7| Waaxda Milixda
118
Waxa halkan hoose ku xusan wax yaabaha la sii saadaaliyay ama maleeyay Shaxanka3aad.
shaxanka-3
MT
No of Work days/Month
Days
Hrs
15
25
MT
Days
375
15
25
MT
Days
MT
4500
MT
4500
Target Production
MT
1639
MT
2484
119
Days
375
No of Work Days/Year
300
109
Days
36
300
4500
166
55
7| Waaxda Milixda
120
shaxanka-4
Qardaasaynta
1 Kg Kiish
50 Kg Kiish (50 midh oo kiishash 1Kg ah cala xabo
Dayactir
Qiime-jabid
Tababarka
Qaybin
Tabaruca bulshada
Wadar dhexe
Kharashaad kale
121
Sanadka 1aad
Halbeeg
Tiro
Jawaano
39,600
36,432
sanadka 2aad
Rate Qadarka
MT
USD
USD
1,782
2.50
99,000
19
1.9
188,000
36
287,000
55
36,432
1,782
1.00
17,820
Cu Mt
1,782
1.25
1,114
0.2
1.00
Lit
Nos
1,639
Tiro
Rate
Qadarka
USD
Jawaano
MT
USD
60,000
2,700
2.80
168,000
19
2.20
369,600
41
537,600
59
55,200
kW
MT
Halbeeg
2,484
kW
2,700
1.10
29,700
Cu MT
2,700
1.50
2,025
0.2
2,484
4.50
11,178
0.06
136,620
15
49,680 0.22
10,930
2,484
12,420
Lit
4.00
6,558
0.05
81,972
16
32,789
0.20
6,558
1,639
3.70
6,066
20,000
20,000
3,000
0.6
4,500
0.5
8,197
13,662
5,500
8,000
503,784 96
876,635
97
19,950
28,845
3.2
905,480
100
1,639
5.00
MT
Nos
2,484
5.0
5.50
523,734 100
1,639
400
655,776
132,042 20
2,484
500
1,242,000
336,520
7| Waaxda Milixda
122
27
2013 - 2014
8 /DAREENKA
GANACSATADA
CAQABADAHA SOO
FOOD SAARA
MAALGASHIGA IYO
SHIRKADAHA
SOMALILAND
Hordhac
Iyadoo dawlada Somaliland si buuxda
uga dharagsan baahida loo qabo in la
abuuro Jawi macaan oo lagu gaadho
koboc dhaqaale oo waara, waxay aad u
danaynaysaa in jawiga maalgashiga
halbawle ay uga dhigto harumarinta
shuruucda si mudnaanta loo siiyo fulinta
siyaasadaha muhiimka ah ee dalka ku
hayn kara wadada dib u soo kabashada.
Arintan waxa loo dabaqay in la dhaqan
galiyo shuruuco maaliyadeed, bangiyada,
tamarta, ganacsiga iyo maalgashiga iyo
ilaha wax soo saar ee muhiimka ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa jira caqabado
hor yaala maalgashiga iyo shirkadaha
maxaliga ah ee Somaliland. Ururka
Warshadlayda Somaliland waxa uu soo
wariyay in 39 ka mid ah 54 warshadood
oo darajada dhexe iyo hoose ah oo is
diiwaan galiyay 2010 ay xidhmeen.
Daraasaadka joogtada ahi waxay
muujinayaan in maalgashiyada cusubi
aanay hanoqaadin marka la bilaabo ka
dibna ama ay guul daraystaan ama
xidhmaan. Inta badan kuwaasi waxay
ahaayeen maalgashi ay sameeyeen
qurbajoogtu, kuwaas oo aan haysan xogta
suuqa ee aasaasiga ah ama taageero
xoogan markay maalgashiga samaynayaan.
Qaybtan Hagaha maalgashigu waxa uu
akhristayaasha u soo bandhigayaa kuwo
ka mid ah casharada laga bartay
maalgashiyada cusub ee la daraaseeyay.
125
ADEEGA LACAGTA
Xaaladaha dalalka ka soo ka baxa
khilaafka iyo dagaalada oo dhaqaalahoodu
aanu helin kaalmo caalami ah iyo aqoonsi
siyaasadeed, dadaalada dib loogu
dhisayay dawladnimada iyo nidaamka
dawladnimo ee ay Somaliland qaaday
waxay ahmiyad u ahaa nabadgalyada,
halka ay ka dhisi lahayd hayada dawliga
ah. Horumarka laga sameeyay dhinaca
nabadgalyada iyo sharciga iyo kala
danbayntu waxay kor u qaaday fursadaha
ganacsi ee u furan maalgashadayaasha,
iyadoo sidoo kalena saamayn togan ku
yeelatay socodka kaalmada bani
aadamnimo ee lagu taageero adeegyada
dadwaynaha, iyagoo ku imanaya qaab
mashaariic horumarineed. Si kastaba ha
ahaatee, adeegyo lacageed oo wax ku
ool ahi waa suurtogaliyaha koboc
dhaqaale, waxaana loo tixgalinayaa
dakhli abuur iyo kabasho dhaqaale.
Marka laga yimaado ammaaahda ganacsi
ee xadidan, dhinaca adeega lacagtu waa
qaybta ugu horumarsan uguna horaysa
dhaqaalaha Somaliland. Ganacstada
gaarka ahi waxay si joogto ah oo halabuur leh uga jawaabaan dalabka
macaamiishooda. Dhinaca lacagaha waxa
haysta laba shirkadood oo waawayn oo
Somali ah, oo kala ah Shirkada Telesom/
Salaam iyo Somtel/Dahabshiil, kuwaas
oo maamula saami wayn oo ka mida $1
billion oo doolar oo ah lacagaha xawilaada
ee soo gala Somaliland sannadkii.
Shirkadaha kale ee lacagaha xawilaada
ka shaqeeya waxa ka mid ah 20 shirkadood
oo kale oo yar yar. Hase ahaatee,
shirkadahaasi ma bixiyaan adeeg
maaliyadeed oo dhammaystiran oo loogu
8| Dareenka Ganacsatada
126
ISGAADHSIINTA
Isgaadhsiinta Somaliland waa mid u
koraysa si xawli ah. Waxa saamiga suuqa
ku loolamaya lix shirkadood oo aanay
dawladu lug badan ku lahayn, taasina
waxay Somaliland ka dhigaysaa dalalka
ugu jaban dhinaca qiimaha telefoonada
gacanta qaarada Afrika. Dadka isticmaala
telefoonada gacanta waxa lagu qiyaasay
dhawaan inay gaadhayaan 20% bulshada
3.5 Million ka ah ee Somaliland ku nool
oo u dhiganta ku dhawaad 700,000 oo
Macmiil ah.
Intaa waxa dheer,
isgaadhsiinta Somaliland waxay
dhiirigalinaysaa in cilmiga isgaadhsiinta
lagu darro muqararka jaamacado dhawr
ah iyo machado, bixiya tababaro, sidoo
kalena waxay ay shaqo abuur u tahay
dhallinyarta ka soo qalin jabisa
Jaamacadaha dalka iyo shaqooyin badan
oo dadban sida dadka ka ganacsada
telefoonada, dayactirka telefoonada iyo
ku shubashada lacagta. Shirkadaha ugu
waawayn dhinaca isgaadhsiinta waxa ka
mid ah, Telesom (oo qayb ka ah shirkada
adeega lacagta ee Salaam), Somtel (oo
ka tirsan shirkada xawilaadaha lacagta
ee Dahabshiil), , Africa online iyo
127
Nationlink.
GAADIIDKA
Xiligan hadda la joogo, kaabayaasha
dhaqaale ee dalka khaasatan waddooyinka
waxay ka kooban yihiin 780km oo
wadooyin ah, hal dekad oo wayn, laba
gegi diyaaradeed oo waawayn, iyo afar
garoon oo xaadhan . Ma jiraan waddo
tareen, ama marin biyoodyo. Ilaa iyo
dabayaaqadii 1980gii ma jirin maalgashi
buuran oo la galiyay horumarinta
kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha sida gaadiidka
(transportka), sidoo kale dayactir badan
may helin kuwii sii jiray. Safarka wadada
ayaa wali ah qaabka ugu muhiimsan ee
loo safro gudaha dalka, maxaa yeelay ma
jiraan wadooyin ay maraan tareeno iyo
maraakiibta baddu. Gaadiidka cirku waxa
uu door wayn ka ciyaaray horumarinta
warshadaha yar yar ee dalka.
Multinational companies such as Coca Cola - which opened a factory outside of Hargeisa last
year, are leading the way for other foreign investors to explore Somalilands business potential.
8| Dareenka Ganacsatada
128
Gaadiidka Dhulka
Deegaanada kala duwan waxa isku xidha
shabakad wadooyin heerka labaad ah oo
ku sii xidhma wadooyinka waawayn,
intooda badana waa wadooyin jid-cad iyo
dhagax ah. Wadooyinka miyiga taga waa
wadooyin ciid ah, kuwaas oo ku xidhma
wadooyinka aasaasiga ah iyo wadooyinka
darajada labaad.
Qiimayn ay dawlada Somaliland samaysay
dhawaan waxay ku sheegtay in loo baahan
yahay lacag dhan US$154 million si loo
dayactiro oo dusheeda loo simo wadada
halbawlaha ah ee isku xidha Berbera iyo
Hargeisa ilaa wajaale, taas oo ku xidhan
naqshada iyo heerka la qaato iyo sidoo
kale inay u baahnaan doonto miisaaniyad
10% oo u dhiganta US$15.4 ilaalin iyo
dayactir sannad walba.
129
JAWIGA GANACSIGA
Diiwaangalinta Ganacsiga
Survey-ga 2012 ee kalsoonida ganacsigu
waxa ay muujisay in ka badan kala badh
ganacsiyada Somaliland la diiwaangaliyay
intii u dhaxaysay sannadihii 2000-2009.
Hase ahaatee, diiwaangalinta ganacsiyadu
cirka ayay isku shareereen saddexdii
sanno ee ugu danbaysay. Korodhka ku
dhacay diiwaangalinta ganacsiyadu
waxay muujinaysaa koboca ku dhacay
ganacsiga tooska ah, waxaanay hoosta ka
xariiqaysaa kalsoonida korodhay ee
ganacsiyada
sii
jiray
iyo
maalgashadayaasha cusub ee heerka
amniga iyo xasiloonida. Arintani waxay
ka dhalatay kor u qaadista tayada waaxaha
dawlada taas oo ay sababtay heerka soo
wanaagsanaanayay ee amniga iyo
xasiloonida dalka.
Korontada
Tamartu waa waxyaabaha furaha u ah ee
dhaqaajiya horumarka dhaqaalaha uu dal
leeyahay. Ka dib markii dalku ka soo
kabtay dagaaladii sokeeye iyo burburkii,
tamarta laydhku waxay door muhiim ah
ka ciyaartay dhaqaajinta dhaqaalaha dalka
si uu u koro una gaadho horumar waara.
Muhiimada ay tamartu u leedahay
maalgashiga iyo inay tahay caqabadaha
ugu waawayn ee hor taagan maalgashiga
Somaliland waxa cadeeyay dad tiro badan
oo la waraystay ayaa sheegay in tamartu
8| Dareenka Ganacsatada
130
2013 - 2014
LIFAAQYO
Lifaaqa 1aad
WAXYAALAHA MUDAN, KUWA LA XADIDAY IYO KUWA LA DIIDAY
Waxyaabaha mudan
Dawlada Somaliland waxay aad u soo dhawaynaysaa Maalgashiga Tooska ah
ee Caalamiga ah ee ku aadan qaybaha soo socda:
Kaabayaasha Dhaqaalaha- Wadooyinka, dekadaha, biyaha iyo madaarada
Dab-dhaliyeyaasha- Dab-dhaliyeyaasha culculus ee ku shaqeeya naaftada,
dab-dhaliyeyaasha dhuxul dhagaxda, iyo tamarta dabiiciga ahba
Dhoofinta Xoolaha nool, Beeraha iyo Shirkadaha Kalluumaysiga
Qalabka iyo xarumaha caafimaadka ee casriga ah, iyo guriyeynta la tahli
karo sida guryaha la isku xidh-xidho
A qoon tayo saraysa( dugsiyo, Koolajyo iyo Jaamacado) sidoo kale waa
muhiim
133
Lifaaqa 2aad
LIISKA FASAXYADA DADWAYNAHA
CISHO
Ciidul Fitri
2 Cisho
Ciidul Adxa
2 Cisho
Micraajul Nebi
1 Cisho
1 Cisho
Dhalashada Nebiga
1 Cisho
Fasaxyada Qaranka
1
1 Cisho
1 Cisho
ISU GEYN
1 Cisho
12 Cisho
*Maalmaha fasaxyada Islaamku sannad kasta way isbedalaan marka loo eego sannadka Miilaadiga ah.
SAACADAHA SHAQADA
Saacadaha Shaqada Dawlada:
7:00am 2:00pm
Saacadaha Shaqada ganacsatada :
7:00am 12:00am
4:00pm 9:00pm
Saacadaha Shaqada Shirkada Adeega Lacagta:
7:00am 12:00pm
4:00pm 5:30pm
Saacadaha tukaamaysiga:
8:00am 12:00pm 4:00pm 9:00pm
Lifaaqyo
134
LIFAAQA 3aad
NIDAAMKA MAAMUL EE SAXADA CAAFIMAADKA XOOLAHA NOOL
Nidaamka Maamulka Saxada iyo Caafimaadka dhoofka xoolaha nool ee ku
waajahan GCC
D hammaan xoolaha nooli waa inay ka bad qabaan xannuunada gudba
(TADs).
Xoolaha waa in loo gawracaa hab waafaqsan shareecada Islaamka inta
aan loo dhoofin GCC.
Intaa waxa dheer, in xoolaha lagu hayo maxjar muddo inta aan la soo
dhoofin ( tusaale ahaan 3 toddobaad).
Marka shahaadada caafimaadka laga reebo waxa loo baahan yahay
shahaadada halka uu ka soo jeedo neefku.
135
Lifaaqyo
136
MAHADNAQ:
Hagaha Maalgashiga waxa habayntiisa iyo nashqadiisa lahaa: Kaamil Haider.
Sawirada oo dhana waxa la weydiisanayaa Abdi Roble and Tariq Tarey
Ilaa sawirka ku jira bogga 63 (Fuad Dahir), 51-52, 66, 69-70 (Nicholas Parkinson), iyo bogga 82 (Edwin Mireri).
Hagaha Maalgashiga
Somaliland