Tutorial chapter 5

1. The angle of wall friction for this powder in stainless steel is 19 and under
flow condition. The bulk density of the powder is 1100kg/m 3. The effective
angle of internal friction is found to be 30.

Normal
stress
(kN/m2)
Unconfin
ed yield
stress
(kN/m2)

2.4

0.97

2.0

0.91

1.6

1.3

0.85

0.78

a) Determine the maximum semi included angle of conical stainless steel

hopper which will confidently give mass flow.
b) The minimum diameter of the circular hopper outlet necessary to ensure flow
when the outlet slide valve is opened.

2. A powder has an effective angle of internal friction of 60 and has a powder

flow function represented by the equation, y = c0.60 where is the unconfined
yield stress and is the compacting stress, both kN/m 2. If the bulk density of
the powder is 980kg/m3 and its angle of friction on stainless steel plate is 26,
with the aid of graph, determine for stainless steel hopper, the maximum
semi-included angle of cone required to safety ensure mass flow, and the
maximum size of circular outlet to ensure flow when the outlet is open.